Key legal question
Whether the German opposition proceedings kept the international registration dependent on the base mark beyond five years under Art. 6(3) MMA
Extracted holding
No. A trademark opposition is an administrative procedure, not a civil 'action' within Art. 6(3) MMA; the international registration became independent after five years.
Extracted reasoning
The wording of Art. 6(3) MMA, especially the French term 'action judiciaire', covers civil litigation only. The Joint Regulations confirm that court actions extend dependence, but do not equate opposition proceedings with such actions. The Protocol's different rule cannot be transposed to the MMA.