Key legal question
Whether the GPS tracking evidence had to be excluded because the police installed and used it without statutory authorization or judicial approval.
Extracted holding
The GPS monitoring was procedurally unlawful, but the defect did not require automatic exclusion; under the applicable balancing test the results remained usable.
Extracted reasoning
Vehicle GPS tracking in public space fell outside the strict federal telecom surveillance rule. The offense was serious, the intrusion into privacy was comparatively limited, the measure was time-limited, and the material conditions for authorization would in principle have been met.