Key legal question
Whether the recusal request against two cantonal cassation judges should have been granted under the constitutional guarantee of an impartial judge.
Extracted holding
Yes. Their prior participation in the earlier cassation decision, in which they had already taken a clear position on the evidence and culpability, created objectively justified doubts about impartiality.
Extracted reasoning
A judge may be recused not only for proven bias, but whenever circumstances objectively create the appearance of prejudice. Here, the earlier cassation judgment was not merely procedural: it contained a clear evidentiary assessment and a substantive view on the accused's culpability. The new appeal raised essentially the same questions with the same scope of review, so the prior stance risked predetermining the outcome.