Key legal question
Whether the aggravating circumstances listed in Art. 191 StGB can be extended by interpretation to step-grandchildren.
Extracted holding
No. The statutory list is exhaustive and may not be extended to persons not expressly named, such as step-grandchildren.
Extracted reasoning
The wording of Art. 191 StGB contains no indicator that the enumerated relationships are merely examples. Legislative history shows that a broader formulation was proposed and rejected. Consistent case law and doctrine treat the protected circle as closed. Under Art. 1 StGB, the criminal judge may not go beyond the clear statutory wording to the defendant’s detriment.