Key legal question
Whether fraud under Art. 148 StGB is established in a loan transaction by any unsecured credit risk.
Extracted holding
No. A punishable property loss exists only when the borrower's lack of repayment reliability from the outset substantially endangers the loan claim and materially reduces its value.
Extracted reasoning
The lender knowingly exchanges secure cash possession for an unsecured or less secure claim. Therefore, not every deficiency in security constitutes loss; only a significant, beyond-tolerable risk to recovery qualifies as damage under fraud law.