Key legal question
What counts as deductible property maintenance costs for privately held real estate?
Extracted holding
Only value-preserving expenditures are deductible; they keep the property’s tax-relevant utility value intact and do not change its form or intended use.
Extracted reasoning
Maintenance costs are limited to repairs and replacement of defective installations or components. Measures that preserve or restore the existing condition fall within the deduction, whereas value-enhancing changes do not.