us-ftc-advocacy-filings-2e66d9b0b8ed860ae443f013d1ecc5a6•FTC Staff Comment to the Hon. Frank Annunzio Concerning H.R. 458, the Credit Repair Organizations Act
FTC Staff Comment to the Hon. Frank Annunzio Concerning H.R. 458, the Credit Repair Organizations Act
us-ftc-advocacy-filings-2e66d9b0b8ed860ae443f013d1ecc5a6FTC Staff Comment to the Hon. Frank Annunzio Concerning H.R. 458, the Credit Repair Organizations ActAdvocacy Filing
0 ~'\ . "'-.- .. • y o,r,ca 0' l'IoIC C;""'I"~"'H ,:-:::c c:r;,.,.:.. ;~ AC::: C CMMISSICN NASI·,.NCi'CN. C. C. ZO~!C May 11, 19S1 ~he Honorable Frank ~~~u~:ic 0.5. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515 Oear Mr. Annun~iot Thank you for your recent letter forwarding a copy of ~.R. 458, t~e Credit Reoair Craanizations Act, t: t~~ Federal Trade Commission. ~e appreciate the opportunity to comment on ~h. ?:opos~d legislation. The credit repai: =usiness appears to ce a relatively recent ?he~ome~on. !~ involves the marKeting of credit repair ~ervices to consumers whose credit bureau reports contain neg~tive infor- mation chac interferes with their ability to obtain credit. The principal method such businesses rely upon to improve consumers' credit: bureau reports is ':he dispute procedure available to "'-:.. consumers ~nder Section 611 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). Section 611 is designed ~o provide consumers wi~~'a self-help mechanism to correct credit repor~s that contain inaccurate or incomOle~e information. 'Cor%ec~ing and updating such information benefits creditors as well as consumers by helping to ensure that credit-srantin9 decisions are made on the basis ~f complete and accurate information reflecting the probable creditworthiness of the consumer. It does not appear, however, that most consumers who employ the service$ of a credit repair organization seek to correct inaccurate information. Based on the monitoring e;<per-ience of Commission staff, ic _??_a:s i~staad tha~ ma~y of those who turn to credit repair organizations have ex?erienced significart credit prob~ems in the pase, which they hope to minimize. ~::hou9h minor inaccuracies may appear in their credit re~orts, ~y a~~ la~~e t~e a~"s~-~ ~_._._~.;-" ~~~. ~« .~-_._~~ S~M''J~ th~~ IIrIo.- ....... ... '":' •• r-. .." ..... lW .... _..., .....--.. • ........ '- ... -. .. .. _ •• :"'..... All _ ... ~ _ _ _ _ _ ~ fairly reflects what actually occurred. Otili%a~ion of FCRA dis?ute procedures is, therQEore, unli~ely to ale these cons~=ers. ~~c~ethele~g, ~hrough adver-iseme~~s a~d oral :e?=e- sen~a~ions, c:edit repair orsani:acions of~en l~ad ;;ns~me=3 ~o 1 ~he Cc~~~ission b:~u~ht an e~fc:came~~ ac~io~ a~a~~s~ si~ credi ~ --p'ir ~rac·4·~~-e-~ t~ 'ass (S-4 -_~~~~-... ~_' ~-.~__~._ ~_·~~~1a~;~~. ... ..... - l:' ......_ •• -~ ....... - ""'- -\,;...... - ............... " docket numbers C-3l85 through C-3190j and presently i3 monitoring the ac~ivities of several others. ~. ... ",
The nonorab14 Fran~ ~nnun~io believe that adverse Lnf~rmation in their credit reports can =~ deleted or ~QQifi~d ragardless of i~; accu~acy. !n ~a~, hQweve:, 1~ adv~rse i~fo:mation reported by the credit bureau is accura~., under ch~ ~C~A i~ ~ay be repo:ted for at least seven Y~4:S. Ean~ru~ccy =.a1 :e ~e~c:~~c !c: ~~n ~ears. Although the rCRA ~oes no~ ,equi:~ credit ~ureaus to r~port adverse Lnfotma- t1cn fo: this period of time, it ~x~lici~11 authorizes them to do ~o. Credit bu:e4us, ~hic~ are in the bus~ess o~ 5allin~ c:a=~~ history informacion to c:.Qitc:~, ordin~rily re~or~ suc~-infQ=- ~ation eor ~s lons ~s is legally petmissiblQ. . . . It acce~:e that credit repair o:~a~i:a~iQ~$ ccc3sicnall v .. . - ... improve consumers' cradit bu:a~u reports, but ~ail to do so in ~oa~ ins;anc~3 -- ~:ir.cipally because mose of the information ~hey dispute is accurace and within the per~issibla :a?Or::~; ?eriod. t~~i, servic~s ~re f=equene~y sold en a ~oney-oack s~a:~n~e~ basis, bue consu~ers have :e?or~Qd difficulti~s in obtaining refunds. T~e company may be out of bU3iness, lac~ the funds to pay by the ti~e consu~ers $~e~ ra!unds, or simply refuse to honor the guarantee. Credi~ repair .organi%ations have ca~~ed economic injury to c:.di~ our9a~s ~~ ~ell as to consu~ers oy ~. generating large nu~~ers of 3roundless dis~utes that cred~t bureaus ~ust ~rocess. To th~·ex~ent th~t a ~redi~ repair. ~r9ani%ation . do~s succ~9d in dal~eing accur~te ~dv~rse inf~rmation from a . con~umer's credie ~ist~ry, cr~di;~rs are de?rived of informatio~ t~at ~ight o~herwise have ~een a ~eci3ive eactor in the c:edit- ~rantin9 decision. Creditors ~ave ~x?ressed concern to the Commission that dQletio~ of accurate information may result in incr~a~e~ landing ri~k. . . '!'he COInmiss ion I s :sta f f belie '/~s tha t :3. subs tan t i~l segmen ~ ~f the cr4dit repair industry ~:esently angage~ in practices that injure ~oth ehe gener3l public and individual eonsu~~rs. Wheeh~r 2. C:~dit: o'J'C'eaua a:e' req\1ireQ by Sec-:.ion 6ll of the E"crv-. co reinves~i:a~e ~iseuted i~for~aticn withi~ a ~eaaonable oarioa of ~ . .~i~e and ~Q dele~e info:mation tha: ~heY ca~~o~ v~rifY. A cr~di: .. .. :u:e.~ may ~eleca ac~urace info:m~tic~ E:e~ a c~ns~mer'~ c:ed~t bureau re~ort oecause, for exa:.?le, i: is cverwhelmed cy dts?u~es gene:a~3d by credit re~ait orsanizations or because c:e~i:=~s fail to respond prom9~ly ~o veri:ic3~icn :eq~est~.
•"The- HQnoracl~ ~rank ~nnuniio '-- ~a;~ ~ the potential scope of this ~roblem justifies enactment ~e fede:al le91s1~t1on i~ an ig~~e fo: C=r~=as3 ~~ decide. ~s the ~rimarv law enforcement aqency, however, the Commission believes thAt it has a ~nique gersp~c~ive to contribu~a if Congress c~c~~es ~= enac~ s~~h le9Lslatlc~. In our view, the p:oposed legislation would be strengthened by changing its focus sQmewhat:.. H.R. 4Sa would i~~cs$ a bending req~i:~rnen~ on c:~~1t ~Qpai: otganizatiens. It also woul: ~rov~~e c:ns~me=s '~ith the :ight t? sue and to obtain payment from a su:e~y when a c:ed1t :epai: oraani~atiQn violaces the te:~s c: :hs st~t~t~. T~e C=~~issicr. ~pposes ~his approach ~ecause ~e have serious r~servatlons about hew well it would work in ptac~ics. The way that the bond 1s intenaed to function is far :=c~ cl~ar. !~ add!ticn~ administra- tion o~ a bondin~ requi:9ment involves ov.rsight and enforcement r~s90nsibilities tna~ are cat:a: ~~~a=:akan by the states t~an the ~ederal government, in our view. From ~he ~ers?ectiv~ of public law enforcement, ~he Commis- sion believes that requiring disclosures about the ~CRA's limL~ed basis for changing ctedit reports \oIoul.j protect cons·~=:lers :nor e·" si~?ly and effec~ively. Their ~i~ht to sue. a c:edit re~air organization that enga~es in decepti~n should also b~ dizclosed. Moreov~r, al~housh we believe that the pro~osed privat~ ~ight of action for consumers may aid in ~nfotcin9 the law, we think "that enforcement of ~he Credit ~ep~ir ~rganizations ~ct ~ould be enhanced considerably if Congress we:~ to ~rant the Commission authority to seek civil penalties for violations of its provi- s iQns. The ensuing comment~ discuss t11ese issues in more detail. They 31so sugge~t natrowing the definition of a ~r~dit repair organization an~ eli~iriating one of $~ction 404's ptchibited ?ractices. ~isclo~ur~ ~eauir~ments: Section 405 The Commission suppor tsti1e incll.:s ion of ef =ect:: i \7~ d isclosu: ~ :e~~i:emer.ts in this legislation. Oespite educatiqnal efforts, 3 ~lt~o~sh we a:~ a~a:e ~~ a fe~ large cre~i~ :epa!r organiza- ~ions, a gr~at many o~~ers a~?ea= t~ oe !~all an~ :el~:ively "n~-a~'a ··a ha"e ~~ -as~~ c __ .~.·~a-:~~ .~a -"-~e~ ~. -. w~_ • .,,~ • .., .., .. ~ • ..". --_4....•..':' 6.1 __ ....,_ C~S~Q~e~s t~ey e~::e~::l ~:~=act C~ oredic~i~~ whe~he: thai: cli:n~ele may·di~in!~b in tbe nea~ ~~~~e as i :esult of consumQr education and unfavc:able publicity.
•The nonor.ble Fean~ ~nnun~io
many consum.~. continue to be unaware of the fCRAts rulea 90vern-
inC] the reporting o~ in:o:::nat:ion by c::adit: cct~aus. ~s a. res1.:l~,
these consumers ate easily misled by credit repair organizations
that o~fer to re~~i= :: improve their c:edithistorles. Requir-
l~S ~=3di: ==pa!: c:;~~i:~~ion~ ~o disclos9 information aboue t~o
FCRA prior to execution of a sales contract should reQuce their
ability to misrepres~nt what the creal: repair process is 11k~ly
to achiave. The Co=mi~~icn believe~ t~at ~he fccus of ~~a c~s
~lQsur.s required unciar Section 40S(b) 0: the ~:cposed legisla-
t:i~n should !:a shi!e~d, however. Sec~ion 405(c} (1) requires a-
credit repair organization, prior to ehe ~xe~u~ion of a cont,ac~,
to disclose to consumers their righ~ to raview their vwn c:adi:
files .and to dispute the completeness or accur3cy of intQtma~ion
~ontained the~ein. ~he ~f:ect of this section is to bar a credit
repair or~anization that only sells information acc~: cons~~e:~1
~iahts to correct Lnfcr~a~ion conce~ninc thei: c::d1~ rgcord,
cr;dit history, or credit rating from ch~r9ing a fe~ for ~a~i~s
this information available to cQn~umers.~ There is no a??a:an~
reason for a prQh1bi~io~ 0: this sort. Other businesse~ and pro-
:assions routin~ly ch~r3e for the disclosure of information a~out
rights and opportunities provided by law; inde~d, this is a ka~
com~on~nt in the provi3ion o~ ~any profe$sional ser~ices. .
•- -, ..
r-1oreover, the disclosures required by S~c~ion 405 (0) (1) Qr}
not ~ddrQss ~hat appears to be the principal cause of injury to
~onsumers in their dealings ~ith crgdit ~epair organizations.
Injury does not arise bec~use credit repair organizations, for a
fee, Gx~ccise :ights t~at consume:s could Qxeccise ~hemselv~s at
little or no cost. ·tnstead, consumers are injured when they ?ay
money to an oeganization to do something that neither that
or9anization nor they themselves can accompli~h. We t~ink that
disclosures explaining instead the limited circumstances under
~hlch credit history information must be alt~red by c~edit
b~rea~s wc~ld ~~c~i:e cc~s~me:S ~ith an infor~ed basis fer ~valu- ..atin9 a c:edit repair ~rsanizationls ~laims and that this is
their best protec~ion. It may also :e worthwhile to requite
dis~losures that consu=ers may sue a ~:edit rep~ir crganization
~~ it engages in decep~:cn and that they may rescind any contract
within three days of signing it. Finally, w~ thin~ it WQulQ be
hel?f~l to identify the ~eca:al ~:ad~ CQ~~i5Sion as the relevanc
'a'_1 -n.co"c m : '--" ,..- - ;.. ("'" ~";o '" ;~. ... ..,., _... ... e u"".... a n o.r .. '" l' I 5 ~ ,..... • _ •• S "'Me • S w__ •• • ... e ~ ... n.. w ~ _ J.
~nQW whom to CO~~acc.
Jl
.. o~ cO" .. s t ..... $ c ....... -e ..... :s 'ass S:_ ... tlt:l ca "0 c-ec·;" ...._c."~~ ... .. , .,. ...,~ ..... •• ~... .":"._. ,. __ I. lW __
c:;a~i:ations t~at also ~~~ se:~icas for the ouroose of improv-
in9 a consume.r1s crsdit recore, c:~ci: his:ory: or credit rating.
•~he Ecnc=~ble Fran~ ~nnun:io ~h~re a:. ~'-O ~ddi~ic~al sets of olscloaures thae S~c~ion 405 presently rqquiroes. S~ceion 405(0) (2) requireg a complete and detailed disclosure of the ~ervices to be Fer!or~ed an~ t~e total amount to be ~aid fe: the~e services, disclosures which~re duplicated in Section 406 governing the content oE ccn~:ac:s. w~ question thQ utility of requi:ing a detailed dQscr1?tion of ~.cvicas ~~ ~e ~e:~orm~d. ~ven a minu~ely de~ailed'desc:iption could ~asily avoid conveyi~g claar and definitive information a!:out what: \lIi~1 :e c:ne !.~ the C3se of an individual coneume~. . .. SQctitjn 405(=) (J) rsq!.::':as disclos\.:re c~ the consumer's right; to ~:ec&ed .a~ain.st. a bend a~d iden-:i!ies'tha surety. Ineo:'~ation about the right ~o p~oceed against a bond clearly wo~:d ~e significant: to consumerS if Congress .should decide to retain th~ ~cnd :a~ui:~ment. ~owever, for reasons discussed in :~e en~~ing ~eceion, we do not endor2e a bon~ requirement. We sU9~es: thac, t~ oe ~ost effectiv~, any =eq~i:~d d1sclosur~s be conveyed on ~ separate sheet of pap~r, in simple, non-technical language, ~efore the consu~er 31gn8 a cont:~ct or the credit repair or~ani%ation receives~ny payment. So as to ~void possible obf~scat:i~n, \oIe :ecommend that:. c:editi repai: ~" or9anizations be required tp follow language ~h~t 13 identical or subseant:.ially simil~r to model language proposed by Congrass. ~or example, the r~qui:ed diaclosure might begin with ~ warning not to sign a cont:act ~r pay ~oney for crp.dit r~pair ~ervlces before readin~ t~e notic~. It might then state: 1. ~ou have no le1a1 right to have accurate information removed from your c:edit bureau r~~ort. Under t~e Fair :redit ~e~ortin9 Ac~, th~ credit bureau must remove accur3te negaeiv~ information fr~m your re~ort only if it is OVer 7 1ears old. aankruptcy can be re~or~ed for 10 years. ~ven when a debe has been completely ~epaid, your re~ort can show that it was paid late if ~hat is accurate. . ~. YQ~ have th~ ,ig~~ :~ ~~a a c=e~it repair Ot c:adi~ i~e=ove=en~ com=anv ~~~t violates the C:en1t Recair Oroanizaeio~s Ac~. ~his law . .. p::hi~its decypt1v~ ~raccices ~y credit repai= cc~?anie5. 3. ~~a C:edi: ~eeai: O:=ani:a~io~s Act zlso 9ives 1c~ t~Q righc·t~ can~el your cont:act for any reason within 3 worki:1g cays f:oln the cace ~oiJ. sign it. ~. '.. \r
..
. "rhe iiono~able Frank .\~nun·~io ••
4. The Federal Trade Commission enforces these
federal laws. =ormore infor~a~ion, call or
'toIr1~e:
oivision of Cred!~ ?ractice~
Federal Trade Commission
Washington, D.C. 20SSa
(:02) J:5-~~1S
~or enforcement purposes, each disclosu:~ ~tat~ment should
be ~i;~ec by the CC~Swllier as an ackncwled;emen~ of having read i~
before eneerinq into the contract. ~he consumer's name, address,
and eelephone number should be included, as should the sales
agen~'s si;na:~:a and t~e com~anyfs name, address, and telephone
number. The stateme~t sh~uld be signed in duplic~te, ~o :ha~ t~e
~:ns~~er may retain one copy and the credic re9air ~rqanization
~a1 :etain the other for the ~wo-year period th~t, we assu~e,
Section 40S{c) would re~uire.
-..
. We believe that thesQ disclosures would effect~ve11 warn
consumers against contracting ~it~ cr~dit cep~ir organizations ..
whose business~s are based 90' explicit or Lnplicie misrepresenta-
tions of what ehe law per~it3. no~ev~~, these disclosures should
~ot ~dversell affece tae ac~iviti~s of cr~dit tmprove~enc coun-
selors who do not rely on consu~ers' ignorance of the credit
reporting laws or otherwise att~~pc to mislead them.
aonding rteauirements: Sec~ion 404(a)
~he proposed le9islation requires a creoie repair organiza-
tion to Obtain a $50,000 surety bond if it wishes to obtain
?~ymen~ for ~ervices in advance of perfor~ance. ~ surety is a
thir~-?arty guaraneor who promises to pay i~ t~e principal does
not and requi:e~ a percentage oE the bond amount for providing
this assurance. The percentaqe is often small because t~e
:s It would facilitate
~vicence that~a c:ecii:
~eM~~a--2-2 c-~~1~a~-4 .............,,, •.- .... -.. '-'- ""';i""r-" •• ~-
l1:aa::ar d~t:ail.
eoth complianc~ and enEor:emen: i~ the
:e~~i: organiza:icn shculd ret~in to
unce: Section 405(c) we:e set forth in
6 ~e ~sst:me that. inde~~~i~i=.!.:icn of this so:~ is wna: the
~e~~31a~ion i; in:e~:e~ ~= ==~duce. :: is e~: uncers~anding
that ~~ee? a~r~~~en~ take·~any dif~~~e~~ ~o~~s, hcweve~, a~d
are designed to aChieva many diff~rent pu~poses. .~
'''Il-
.. . . • The Honorable Frank Annun:io I.. .. surety tetains the right to recever ene amoun~ paid f::~ ~~e p:inci~al. !n erder to obtain a bond a company must persuade ~he surety ~hat ltis a sood risk. :~ ~he ease of a credit repair organi:ation, we Qss~~e ~~a; a ~u:~tl ~c~ld ~an~ somo assurance ~ha~ the e:gani~ation's practices will conform to th~ law and that, as a result, the organization is not likely to be held liable for violaein9 the law. ?:ior business expeiiencas, b~s~ n.ss and personal credit history, income, aSSetS, ana ctn~r t~::Hcia of raliability may be factors in deter:':\ining whethe: an" or~anization is able to Obtain a bond. A business that do~~ not appear to be sUfficienely tis~-f:ee otdinarily wc~l~ ca :~q~i:ed by ~he suraty to 9ut up collaceral corresponding to the amount of the bond. Under che ~roposed legislation, a com9any that ~annot or does noe wish to ~btain a ~uret¥ cend is no; ca::ad ~:=m t~; c:~di: re~ai: business. Althcugh it woulc be p:ohibited from :.~a~~i~; ~3~S p:ior to ~erfor~ing the services ie sold, i~ cou~= obligate consumers in advance to pay Eor ae~vices upon co~?le:icn of performance. The purpose of the pro~osed bond requirement, ~~ assume, is to ~ake funds available for ~he paymene of consumers,' claima_ .The Commis.sion is concerned that it:. may not:. serve 1:his purpose ~n ~ractice, howQver. Susinesses that arQ engaged in.delibecat~ consur.ter fraud may well' ignore the bonding ,~qui~ !ment. "'lor 13- over, the requirement :nay :e too a;norphous to achieve its int~nded purpose. Tbe lp.gislation does not outline in any detail how th~ bond is to func~ion or wha is to administer payments from it. It do~s not 9xplain whae ?rocedure~ are to be foll~weQ in t~e ~vent of competing clai;ns t~at exceed the bond amount or ~hether the bond amount ~f $50,000 must be continuously main- tained. It is noe clear fro:nthe statutory language whether an organi:ation that Joes =usiness in more than one state ~us~ pro~ide for a $SO,CCC =cnci in ~a=h s~a~~ or wheth~r, al~erna tiv~ly, a single ~50,OOO bond iSSUQd by a suret~ licensed to co business in each of those ~tate~ would ~uffice. It also is uncl~ar whee~er residents of one st~ee ~ay make claims against ~ bond iss~ed in anct~e: 5t~te ~h~~ ~he bond funds in th~ir state o~ residen~e have been ~aid oue. ~or is it clear ~hethQ' con- $~mQrs are intenced ;0 ~a~e the su:e~y as a defendant in an ..,. i Credie repair or9anizations va:y consice:a:ly in o:a:a~ional .!:':uc:'~:a <==anch!.sas ~re :ec;~:'~e r:-.o'e c~~on) I si%fJ, 3.~~ business volume. If Cons:es~ :h~~ld decide to include a bond requirem~nt in this legislation, we suggest that i~ examine ways to lini< the valUE! and numcer of bonds· required to-variables. such as t~ese. ;.. \jo
. - .
Tn. iignQ,~~.e i":.n~ ;'~~a;,::!.o·
4~tlon 0: ~o seek payment ~rom the sur~ty only if conv~ntional
efforts eo satisfy s ~~~=e~: ~:~m th~ ctedit re9air ~rgani%ation
have been exhaust9d.
:!.n~ur~rs wh-o lsaua :iu:a:y bends, such as 9o'lernmen~ per:orm-
ance bonds 0: ·inQQmnity guarantees, may well be reluceanc to
i~=ue any bond pursuan: to this le9 i s1ation, re9ardless ~f t~e
cha:ac~.: of the e:~d~: ~~~air organization at issue. Sureties
orcina:ily want to knc~ ~~~t their ~c1igations and li~bilities
.:e fixed and olear ~e~c:a agre~i~7 t~ act in this ca9acity.
Under th. law as ?resen:ll ~:attad, t~w i~ any ir.su~e:~ m~y e$
wi.lling to ac: aa. sl.::~~ies for c:e~i~ rapai: o:~~r.iz.!.tions. Ellen
if the bonding requiremen~ a~J consumers' access ~o i: ~ere
spelled out in more decail, however, we are not persuaded that it
~houlQ ~. in~l~dad i~ ~ac.:a~ le~isl~~i~~. Th~ eauitab1e dis-
t:ibution of bond funds may be difficult or impossible without
the in~ecv~ncion of a d~si~:~:es~a~ :~i:: pa'~YI suc~ as a s~a~e
administrative agQncy. c~ oalan~e, th~ Cc~~issic~ belia~Qs t~a~
the bonding of credit r~pair organizations should be l~ft to t~e
state~ to legi3late and administer. --.
Enforcement: $ections ~09 and 411
. . .
Se~tion 409 of the ~ct ~covides consumecs wi~h the right to·
sue fa: a viola:ion of any ~f its provisions. It provides Eor
actual damages, additional damages, costs of bringing the action,
and attorney'3 ~ees. ay @covi.dilV,. consumers with a mechanism for
racovering, at a minimum, the fees paid to a 'lio1ativ'3 organiza-
tion, thi3 right of ~rivate action should help to ~ake the
statute ~elf-enforcin9.
None~heless, the Commission believes that enforcement of
any credit repair organization legislation Congress mig~t enact
would be strQngthened considerably if Congress ~ere to grant the
commissionacillil penalty ~nlorcement authori~y for violacions of
its te:ms. ~t ~resent, Section 411 of the proposed legisla~ion
'.~
8 Congress ty?ically ac~o:cs the Commission civi: ~enalty
authority by autho:i.in~ en:;:ce~e~t of statutory 'liolations as
i~ t~ey w.~e viola:icns 0: a Commission t:aCQ reg~~a~ion rule,
L"!., t:::o:.:gh Sec";~cn 5{:n} (l) (A) c! ~he Fecet'al T=ade Commission
AC~, which empowers tne Cc~~i~sion :0 ~e~~ c~vil eenalties. See
Sec";ion 704(c) of the tqua1 Creal: Oppor~uni:y Ac~, 15 o.~.c.--
5 l6~lc~ Sec:ion 814(a) of the rai: Oebt Collection Prac~ices
Act, lS u.s.c. 5 16921.. ~
"'c-
· . HQ~o=:a=.!.e ~age 9 acco:~ o~1 a~~is~:ative enforcement authority to tnG Commis- sion. I~ provides tnae a violation of its terms con~titute~ an unfair c: d8c~ptive act or ?ractic~ in violation oe Section 5(a) ot ths Feda:al Trade Commission ~c~ and is enfocce~ble throuah the Commission's administrative adjudication procedures under Section S(b). The Commission currently possesses Secti~n 5 enforcement &utho:ltv over c:edlt repair organizations. Thus, as ?roposed, the ~rant of aut~ority to enforce thecreQit repaic stat~ta wc~ld not exeand the Commission's cowers, althouQh the a~~irm4t1v~ require~;n:3 of the law would ;i~pllfy en~Q:~em~n: to some e ... tent. ay including civil penalty authority in ~he Act, Congre~s ~culd ac~~:d ~he Co~mis9ion greater flexibility in selecting . enforcement alternatives and would also, ~e believ., promote ~ote ~igorous enfoccement. ra~~icularly in casas ~~vo~~ing celi=e=a:~ -raud t· i"I~ ~"".w~r to -.",c.. : -~ --,.!'"./ -'" ~'--.... , .... ~ ~ ... f"\#~ .... .l. , •• - /:_"'"'_ " '--·-rg,·~_ "" 0-:7...., ':t~ .;;a ~ • ..", ••• - through imposition of a civil fin!O~ay be the on~y way to adcress adequately the viola~ive conduct. Bec~use civil penalty actions are brought and cesolved 1n federal court, the·final· order -- whether it involves injunctive :~lief, a clvil fin~.. oc more -- is directly entocceable by the court. ~he' contempt powers available to the court are a ~ote·nt tool if compliance E':obll!ms arise. Preced __ nt exists in the federal consumer c~Qdi~ proe~cti~n field eor establishinq a range of enfo:c~men~ ~echanisms. Congress has accorded the Commission the authori~y to seek civil ~enalties Eor violations of the ~qual Credit Opportunity Act ~nd the Fair Oebt Callection Practices ~ct under 'sections providing for administrative enforcement. Other ~e~tions of these statutes ~rovide for the imposition of civil liability by authori%ing consumers to bring private damage suies. The Commission's enforcement ~xperienc& ~ith chese laws indica~es ~h4t different enforcement a~proacneg can serve JiEf~rent but often comrleme~ t~ry enforcement goals. As a cesult, we believe that allowing the CommiSSion to seek civil penal:ies fot violations of this ~c: would assist en:o~c~~~nt ~ffocts . footnote 1 above yas9 T~e enE::cernent ac~ivi:y referred to i~ based on t~at Section 5 autho:itv • .. lO ~he credit repair business is often a transient one. nhen a company moves from seate to staee, ehe likelihood ~hat individual consu~ers ~r local la~ enforcement authori;ies will succeed in bringing an ac~ion a9~inst it is sUbstantiallv r~ced. .. 'It' • 1 I
'. .. :':3:,\1< .\~l'\u!'\zio Paq8 10 C2 ..... ~l!-.. ~"'" -~-rl '- - -- S~ction 403(dl The d8~initicn o~ a c:edit repair organi:aticn in Sec~ion 403(0), like ~Qst ~f the provisions of the propo~Qd legislation, tocuses on businesses selling credie re~air or ~:eci: ~~~:~~e~8~~ services, i.~., services to remove ad~e:se information from con- 2umers' ~:edit bureau ~~?Or~s. The definition of a credit repair c=9&ni%a~ion appears ~o be ~aedless11 broad, heweva:. :~ includes .n~i~ie9 that, for a fee, provide ~Qrvices for the ~urpos. of ·obtaining an ex~~ns~cn 0: c~nsume' c=edi~ ~or a consumer ••••~ ~~~s :e~in1~ion would include, for examole, ·au~omatQd mortgage loan ~hc~~i~~ services and ot~e: busi~9sses that sell information about currently a~ailable ter~a and condi- ticns o~ c~~di~. ~uch businesses can ?rovide an i~F~:tQ~t con- sumer service in a e:eci~-otiented economy and should not be ~ubj~c~ed to eegul~tion i~ the absence 0: evidenca ~~at ~~ey ,..3.'.2 .... CO"'SU1"er ~"'':''''''I ""a"' .. ".......... "'c---e,.....a ~Iot~~ .. h ..:I-fin 1 - ___ .. 'to; £4 ..aJ\,.6..... _' Q .. q .,.. a.. ... tion of a credit reoair ~rgani~ation be revised to gliminate reference to tbos~ ~ho assist in obtaining credit extensions for consu~ers. tndi?idual bu~inesses that '~ake false clai~s about their ability to obtain credit for consu~e,~ are, we ~el1ev~~ ~ettar dealt ~ith on a case-by-case basi~ ~nder Sec~~Qn S of the Federal ~rade Commission ~ct or similar ~~~te consumer protection laws. We note that the proposed l~gislaticn pre~ently exempts a number ~f ingtitutions and proEessions from the definition of a credit re~air ~rgani%ation. Deposi~~,y institutions, rgal ~stat~ brokers, and bro~er-dealers appear to ba exem@ted becaus~, in the ordinary course of business, they ~ay assis~ cons~m.rs in obtain- ing c=edit. If Congress acopts ~he fore~oing reco~~enJation to r~define 3 c=edi~ repair ~rganiz3tion, these exem~tions may be unnecessary. The Commission is no~ aware that sucn en~i~i~s ordin3rily sell services to consu~ers Eor the pur?Os~ of im~rov ing their c~edie bureau repor:s. We suggest that the exem~tio~s for consumer ,epor~in9 agencies and debt collec~ors be eli~inatgd a3 well. Neither of these entities advises of, assists consumers i~ i~~:ovi~9 c=edi~ ~ureau ce~o,es for _ fae.·- 11 When c=edit b~reaus remove neca:ive inEorma~ion that is inacc~rate or obsolete they ~ay i~~rove ~onsumersl credie repo:ts. =eca~se :his is root a $er~ic~ th~~ c:9dit bureaus may charge for but a right graneed to consumers by the =C~~, c:eci~ burea'JS would not fall within the definition of a c:edit t:"~pai~ organization. Services that c:edit oureaus ar~ permitted to charge for a:e desc~ibed in Sec~ion 612 of the FCRA_... co
?age 11 Unde~ ~his apptoach only two exem~tions remain -- non~rofi~ c:g~ni:aeiQna and a:~=;~eys. ~on?rof1t organiza~ions, 3uch as the consume~ c~edle counsaling'~Qcqices operated by the National ?c~~dation fo~ Con~umer Credit, someti~as charge a s~all f~e E~= acvi=ing consumer~ about c:edit history problems. ~ttorneys may also advise or assist their clients concerning their ctedit histories and ~heir rights under the Fair C:edi~ Rercrting Act. In the Ccmmission's ~i.w it is preferable ~o avoid e~emp-~ tiQns when ?ossibl=. !xem?~:o~s ca~ c:eat~ ~nforcement 9aps.l~ _, They givo a competitive advantage to one g:CU? or 9rcfession ove~ anoth_:. Regulations necessarily impose so~e bu~dens on business and, if regulaeion is nece3sary, the underlying rationale ordi- narily should be equally app1ic~b1e to all industry members. We sugges~ ~~era~Qre t~a~ C=~g:~~s congider ~hether ~he definiti~n of a c:~dit tapai: organization should prOVide for any ~xempti~ns. Par·.;cul ly i C M""e '-_ .. ~~-- .. cs,....,~ .........en· l .. ~1 i ... ~ .. · .. ~~ a" "~e •• .. '-~~ ..,...."" ...... ., __ ~_4 __ :l~ ... I.~ __ .u ..... Q, __ ~, 004 ..... Commiasion has pt'o?=~ed, complyinlJ ..,i~h the a.~:~=;::ati·:E! !:'S!quirS!- ma~ts of the Act should not bQ undUly oner~us. ~rohibited ?ractic2s: Se~tion 40~(b) -. , Sec~ion 404(b) of the pro?osed le~i~lation prohibits charging fees 301ely foc r~f~tring a consu~er to a retail seller who will or ~ay make cr,9dit availabl~ to the consumQ~ ~n substan- tially the sa~e terms as those 3vailable to the general ~ublic. ' If Congress r~vises the definiti~n of ~ c:edit r~pair orsaniza- ~ion to exclude those who refer ~onsumer3 to creditors for ?ossible ~:edit extension, it may ~ish to delete this ~rovision as well, ~s it appears to be dir~ct~d ~t practices associat~d with c=edit:., referral rather 'than with c~edit re\;lair. In any event, the Commiss~on questions ~hether the ~rI3~ice ~hat this sec~ion addresses necessarily injures consumers. I~, through the assi~tance of a credit re~air ~tganization, a consu~~~ who cannot otherwise obtain c:edi~ is ,able to do so, the consumer .... -- . Fe: exam=le, the at:o~~ev-a:-law exem?~~~n ~c ~he Fa~= Cebt Collec;ic~ P:act~oes Act was·~~c~nel~ reoeale~ because it had become a haven foe attorneys who pra~~ic~d deb~ collec~icn ,at~e= ~han law. 13 ~o:eove" if ;:lis ?tactio; we:e inj~~io~3, t~e Commission is no~ certain why the injury would atise only in connection wi:~ c=e~i; extended by retail sellers as opposed co other ca:agc~ies of c:edi':.ors.
'. .' . • The Honorable Frank Annun%io may w.ll d••m this a sGtvice ~~rth paying f~r. The critical 1sa~e, in ou~ vi~w, is root ~hethee th~ c:ed!t to be ?rovided is ~va1labl8 to others on the same terms or ~ven on more ~avo~able ~arms, but whe~her the CQnsu~er understancs "ha~ he or she is paying fQ~. Wh.t~sr ~he c:~~it is c~~e:ed on terms that are cesi:3:le ~: the consumer ~ill depend on the !lnancial circum- stan~~s ar.d options available ~o ~hat consumer. ~hank you agai~ for ~clicit~n1 the Co~~isgion's views On the C:e~i~ Repai= O=sani:ations Ac~. ~e ho~e that these comments will be usefuL in your deli~~r~tic~e. 31 ~i:e~~icn of th~ Commission, ~"~"IvOanil'!l Ol iv'er Chairman -...: . ....
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