State v. Mauricio Aguila

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
January 9, 2024
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.

Appeal No. 2022AP1064-CR Cir. Ct. No. 2017CF533

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT III

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,

V.

MAURICIO AGUILA,

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Brown County:
TIMOTHY A. HINKFUSS, Judge. Affirmed.

Before Stark, P.J., Hruz and Gill, JJ.

Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent

or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).

¶1 PER CURIAM. Mauricio Aguila appeals from a judgment
convicting him of second-degree recklessly endangering safety, which was entered
No. 2022AP1064-CR

upon revocation of his deferred judgment agreement (DJA). Aguila challenges the
circuit court’s denial of his motion for plea withdrawal. He claims that his defense
counsel provided constitutionally ineffective assistance during plea negotiations
by providing him incorrect information regarding the DJA and his pleas to other
misdemeanor charges and by failing to present him with discovery information
that undermined the witnesses’ reports. He also argues that these failures rendered
his pleas not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.

¶2 For the reasons that follow, we conclude that defense counsel did not
perform deficiently and that Aguila has failed to establish a manifest injustice
requiring withdrawal of his pleas. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of
conviction.

BACKGROUND

¶3 Aguila was charged with crimes in two separate cases. First, in
Brown County case No. 2017CF533, Aguila was accused of second-degree
recklessly endangering safety, with use of a dangerous weapon, and disorderly
conduct for pointing a gun at Lynn, a neighbor of Aguila, while Lynn was outside
her home on June 12, 2016.1 Lynn was attempting to stop a man who was
confronting neighborhood residents about loud music because Lynn had been
advised by police previously not to confront the neighbors. She claimed that a
Hispanic male—whom she later identified as Aguila—approached her with a “gun
in his right hand pointing it directly at her” with his “finger … in the trigger area.”

1
Pursuant to the policy underlying WIS. STAT. RULE 809.86(4) (2021-22), we use
pseudonyms when referring to the victims in this case. All references to the Wisconsin Statutes
are to the 2021-22 version unless otherwise noted.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

Lynn stated that she “put her hands up in the air and exclaimed there was a gun
and ‘call the cops.’” Later, Lynn identified Aguila in a photo array, stating that
she was “‘90%’ positive” the first time she reviewed the photos that Aguila was
the man who had the gun, and then “100%” positive that Aguila was the man who
had the gun upon a second review. Law enforcement never recovered the weapon,
but officers did recover a gun case in a vehicle located at the scene.

¶4 Second, in Brown County case No. 2017CF1294, Aguila was
accused of disorderly conduct for a domestic dispute involving his girlfriend,
Michelle, on August 5, 2017.2 According to the State, “there was an argument at
the defendant’s home that got out of hand.”

¶5 These cases were resolved by a global plea agreement. The State’s
offer required that Aguila enter pleas to the felony second-degree recklessly
endangering safety count and two counts of misdemeanor disorderly conduct in
case Nos. 2017CF533 and 2017CF1294. Upon acceptance of his pleas, Aguila’s
conviction on the felony count would be deferred pending his successful
completion of a DJA. After consulting with defense counsel, Aguila accepted the
State’s offer.

¶6 On March 16, 2018, at the plea and sentencing hearing, the circuit
court reviewed the plea questionnaire form that Aguila completed and signed.
Attached to the plea questionnaire form was a page that listed the charging details
for the three charges, the factual basis for each charge, and the maximum
penalties; a page detailing the terms of the State’s offer; and the jury instructions

2
Aguila was also charged with criminal damage to property and felony bail jumping in
the second case.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

for the offenses. After an in-depth colloquy, the court accepted Aguila’s pleas
and—after specifically confirming that Aguila was aware of the DJA’s
conditions—approved the DJA.

¶7 The circuit court then proceeded directly to sentencing. The State
recommended that the court impose two years of probation on the two
misdemeanor disorderly conduct counts with no additional jail time. Defense
counsel concurred with the State’s recommendation. Ultimately, the court
accepted the parties’ recommendation, withheld sentence on the disorderly
conduct charges, and placed Aguila on probation for two years on each count.3
The court concluded its sentencing by commenting to Aguila that defense counsel
“did a very good job here. In fact, you don’t have a felony if you do what you’re
supposed to do in the next two years. That’s worth a lot. And stay away from
these people, do you understand that?” Aguila replied, “I do, Your Honor.”

¶8 In 2019, the State filed new charges against Aguila after police were
dispatched for another domestic dispute between Aguila and Michelle. Allegedly,
a verbal altercation between Michelle and Aguila escalated when Aguila “grabbed
[Michelle] by the neck” and “she was losing her breath and was unable to talk,
because he squeezed so hard on her neck.” The State charged Aguila in Brown
County case No. 2019CF905 with strangulation and suffocation, battery,

3
Regrettably, the State filed an incorrect amended Information, which changed the
charges of second-degree recklessly endangering safety and disorderly conduct in case
No. 2017CF533 to two counts of intentionally pointing a firearm at a person. At a later hearing,
the State explained that the amended Information was filed as part of a separate plea agreement
before defense counsel “convinced the [S]tate to switch that to a [DJA] on the original charge….
Unfortunately, that amended [Information] didn’t get withdrawn.” As a result of that incorrect
Information, the circuit court then entered an incorrect judgment of conviction, placing Aguila on
probation for two years for intentionally pointing a firearm at a person, instead of for disorderly
conduct.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

disorderly conduct, and bail jumping. This case was tried to a jury, and Aguila
was acquitted on all charges.

¶9 As a result of the new charges, however, the State moved to revoke
Aguila’s probation and DJA. According to the State, Aguila’s probation was
revoked for violating his no-contact order with Michelle and for causing Michelle
harm. Aguila did not contest his revocation, a decision he made prior to
consulting with his attorney and by relying on the advice of his probation officer.
At the sentencing after revocation, Aguila stated, “I know I did violate my
no[-]contact [order] and that I am guilty of [that allegation] and for that I’ll take
my punishment.”

¶10 Due to the State’s error that resulted in an incorrect judgment of
conviction, see supra note 3, the circuit court sentenced Aguila to six months in
jail for intentionally pointing a firearm at a person, rather than for disorderly
conduct. That six-month jail sentence exceeded the statutory maximum for a
disorderly conduct charge by three months. See WIS. STAT. §§ 947.01(1),
939.51(3)(b). The court also sentenced Aguila to ninety days in jail, to be served
concurrently, on the disorderly conduct count in case No. 2017CF1294.

¶11 In a separate proceeding, the State moved to revoke the DJA on the
ground that Aguila failed to comply with the agreement’s conditions. Those
conditions included successfully completing probation on the disorderly conduct
convictions and “commit[ting] no further acts which rise to the level of probable
cause of a violation of the criminal laws of the State of Wisconsin.” On July 28,
2020, the circuit court granted the State’s motion and revoked the DJA, ordered a
presentence investigation report, and set a date for sentencing.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

¶12 Shortly thereafter, Aguila retained new counsel (hereinafter,
postconviction counsel) and moved to vacate the DJA and for plea withdrawal. In
Aguila’s motion, he alleged that: (1) defense counsel provided constitutionally
ineffective assistance; (2) “he was not fully aware of the extent of Brady[4]
evidence related to a key witness and investigating officer, former-Lieutenant
Robert Korth, at the time he entered his plea[s] and accepted the [DJA]”;5 and
(3) “he did not fully understand the evidence against him and that there were
problems with the case that would make it difficult for the State to prove the case
against him at trial,” listing nine facts about the case of which he was “unaware.”
Aguila claimed that he had wanted to go to trial because he was innocent of the
charges.

¶13 According to Aguila, defense counsel was deficient because he
“provided him inaccurate information about the [DJA] and [the] consequences of
its acceptance and his plea[s],” including that by entering his pleas he was “not
going to be found guilty of a felony” and that “his probation could be terminated
at 12 months with good behavior.” He also claimed that he was “never advised by
counsel that waiving his [probation] revocation hearing rather than fighting the

4
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963).
5
Aguila also filed a motion to compel production of Brady evidence. Citing a news
report, Aguila explained that “[s]ubsequent investigation has revealed that throughout the time of
[the plea] negotiations and ahead of the plea in Mr. Aguila’s case, … Korth was under
investigation for participating in racist, sexist, and illegal harassment of minority coworkers at the
Green Bay Police Department.” Korth was one of the officers on the scene at the time of
Aguila’s arrest. Aguila alleged that had he known this information about Korth prior to entering
his pleas, it “would have been valuable Brady evidence.”

This issue was discussed at the evidentiary hearing, and the circuit court later denied the
motion, stating that the allegations against Korth “had to do with things other than telling the
truth,” he was not on the State’s witness list, and he was not a material witness. Aguila does not
renew this Brady claim on appeal.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

matter would give the State the ability to revoke his” DJA. Finally, he asserted
that “there were Bangert[6] deficiencies during the plea hearing” that “[f]urther
impact[ed]” his “understanding of the agreement,” and “he did not receive all the
necessary admonishments.”

¶14 The circuit court held an evidentiary Machner7 hearing over two
days, at which Aguila and defense counsel testified. The court then issued a
written order denying Aguila’s plea withdrawal motion, concluding that Aguila
had not demonstrated that defense counsel’s performance was deficient or that his
pleas were not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently entered. The court
specifically found that Aguila’s testimony was not credible concerning his alleged
discussions with defense counsel.

¶15 The circuit court ultimately sentenced Aguila to time served for the
second-degree recklessly endangering safety count. At sentencing, the court stated
that it was “cognizant of the sentence in that he was given six months on a
probation revocation [on the intentionally pointing a firearm count]. That was
beyond the maximum time that he was supposed to receive” had the judgment of
conviction been correctly entered. The court observed that Aguila “needs credit
for the time he sat and I’m giving it to him because he shouldn’t have sat that time
in jail, that’s the bottom line.” Aguila appeals.

6
State v. Bangert, 131 Wis. 2d 246, 389 N.W.2d 12 (1986).
7
State v. Machner, 92 Wis. 2d 797, 285 N.W.2d 905 (Ct. App. 1979).

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

DISCUSSION

¶16 After sentencing, “a plea will not be disturbed unless the defendant
establishes by clear and convincing evidence that failure to withdraw the guilty or
no contest plea will result in a manifest injustice.” State v. Taylor, 2013 WI 34,
¶48, 347 Wis. 2d 30, 829 N.W.2d 482. Here, Aguila was subject to a DJA, and
the manifest injustice standard applies to Aguila’s motion to withdraw his plea
after the DJA was ordered. See State v. Daley, 2006 WI App 81, ¶¶16, 18, 292
Wis. 2d 517, 716 N.W.2d 146.

¶17 A defendant can demonstrate a manifest injustice by showing that he
or she did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily enter his or her plea. State
v. Brown, 2006 WI 100, ¶18, 293 Wis. 2d 594, 716 N.W.2d 906. “A plea that was
‘not entered knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently violates fundamental due
process, and a defendant therefore may withdraw the plea as a matter of right.’”
State v. Dillard, 2014 WI 123, ¶37, 358 Wis. 2d 543, 859 N.W.2d 44 (citation
omitted). A defendant is entitled to withdraw his or her plea where he or she
received misinformation if the defendant presents a “persuasive account” of why,
absent the misinformation, he or she would not have entered a plea and would
have instead gone to trial. Id., ¶52.

¶18 Another “way to demonstrate manifest injustice is to establish that
the defendant received ineffective assistance of counsel.” Id., ¶84. To establish
ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must prove both that counsel’s
performance was deficient—in other words, outside the wide range of
professionally competent assistance—and that counsel’s errors were prejudicial.
Id., ¶¶85, 88. “Normally, judicial scrutiny of an attorney’s performance will be
highly deferential.” Id., ¶88 (citation omitted). “To prove prejudice, a defendant

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

‘must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.’”
Id., ¶95 (citation omitted). In the plea withdrawal context, prejudice requires that
the defendant establish that he or she would not have pled guilty and would have
instead insisted on going to trial. Id., ¶¶95-96. We need not address both prongs
of the ineffective assistance analysis if the defendant fails to make a sufficient
showing on either one. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 697 (1984).

¶19 Both ineffective assistance of counsel claims and claims that a plea
was not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary are reviewed under a mixed standard
of review. State v. Breitzman, 2017 WI 100, ¶37, 378 Wis. 2d 431, 904 N.W.2d
93 (ineffective assistance); Brown, 293 Wis. 2d 594, ¶19 (knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary plea). The circuit court’s factual findings are upheld unless clearly
erroneous. State v. Mayo, 2007 WI 78, ¶32, 301 Wis. 2d 642, 734 N.W.2d 115;
Brown, 293 Wis. 2d 594, ¶19. The clearly erroneous standard applies to a court’s
findings regarding witness credibility, and we will search the record for evidence
to support the court’s findings. Dickman v. Vollmer, 2007 WI App 141, ¶14, 303
Wis. 2d 241, 736 N.W.2d 202. Whether the facts meet the legal standards for
ineffective assistance or for establishing that a plea was not knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary are questions of law that we review independently. Mayo, 301
Wis. 2d 642, ¶32; Brown, 293 Wis. 2d 594, ¶19.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

¶20 On appeal, Aguila advances essentially the same arguments for plea
withdrawal that he presented to the circuit court.8 Aguila asserts that his defense
counsel was constitutionally ineffective “for providing him fundamentally
incorrect legal advice regarding the details and demands of the [DJA and] for
failing to present him with favorable evidence undermining the veracity of the
reporting and witness testimony against him when he was … deciding whether to
accept the plea.” Further, he claims that had he been provided the proper
information, he would not have accepted the DJA or entered his pleas. Thus,
Aguila argues for plea withdrawal on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel
and on the basis that his pleas were not knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently
entered.

¶21 The State, in contrast, argues that “[t]he sole issue presented in this
appeal is whether the circuit court made clearly erroneous credibility
determinations and factual findings when it held that Aguila was not entitled to
withdraw his plea[s]” and that “the credibility determinations and factual findings
on which the circuit court relied to deny his motion are supported by the record.”
(Formatting altered.) We agree with the State that the court’s findings are not
clearly erroneous and that, given our standard of review, we must affirm.

8
As noted, Aguila does not renew his Brady claim, but he does maintain that because he
was unaware of the information pertaining to Korth prior to his pleas, his pleas were not
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered. Aguila also does not continue to advance an
argument regarding his decision to waive his probation revocation hearing. Finally, he does not
argue before this court that there were any Bangert deficiencies during the plea hearing. As the
State explained, Aguila’s claims on appeal are all Nelson/Bentley claims based on defense
counsel’s alleged failures. See Nelson v. State, 54 Wis. 2d 489, 195 N.W.2d 629 (1972); State v.
Bentley, 201 Wis. 2d 303, 548 N.W.2d 50 (1996); see also State v. Howell, 2007 WI 75, ¶74, 301
Wis. 2d 350, 734 N.W.2d 48 (explaining the different purposes of Nelson/Bentley and Bangert
motions).

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

¶22 First, Aguila claims that defense counsel “provided fundamentally
incorrect legal advice” to Aguila regarding the DJA and the plea bargain.
Specifically, Aguila asserts—and he also testified to the same—that he was told
the following incorrect information: (1) “the agreement would not result in [him]
being found ‘guilty’ of a felony offense, though entry of a ‘guilty’ plea to the
felony was a mandatory part of the offense”; (2) “the State would be dismissing all
charges related to Brown County Case [No.] 2017CF1294 when in fact the plea
negotiation required that he enter a plea to a disorderly conduct charge specifically
associated with that case”; (3) “his probation could be terminated after service of
12 months with good behavior when in fact this was not possible as part of the
[DJA]”; and (4) “the agreement could not be revoked simply because someone
accused him of a crime for which he was innocent (a genuine concern given his
position in the instant case) and that the State would have to prove the allegations
against him before the judge would set aside the agreement.”

¶23 As to Aguila’s first and second points, Aguila identifies an email —
also presented to the circuit court—between defense counsel and Aguila. In
Aguila’s email, on the eve of the plea hearing, he stated, “I have reviewed the
[DJA] and I don’t really think that this offer is any good given that I will be
pleading guilty to the felony charges and waiving my court right if I get accused of
another crime like … what landed me in this situation.” Defense counsel
responded:

We can discuss at court. Please meet me at 10 on the
3rd floor.

It’s important to note that all charges pertaining to
[Michelle]’s case will be dismissed for good. The felony
charge you’ll plea to is on the weapon case, but the judge
will not find you guilty.
I can explain your other options as well. See you at 10.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

According to Aguila, defense counsel’s response

contains plainly incorrect information that the agreement
does not include a plea to charges related to the other
pending case, it also provides misleading information when
it states that the judge will not find Mr. Aguila guilty, as the
court did just that, only to later vacate the judgment if he
completed the agreement.

¶24 At the Machner hearing, defense counsel testified that the email
exchange was “not the entirety of our discussion in this case” and that he “told
[Aguila] before court” that the circuit court “wouldn’t be entering a judgment of
conviction.” According to defense counsel, he clarified to Aguila that “if he
succeeded in the deferred [agreement] it would be as if he [were] never found
guilty. In other words, there would never be a judgment of conviction entered. So
practically speaking, it was as if he had never been found guilty of this charge.”
(Emphasis added.) As to the case involving Michelle—case No. 2017CF1294—
defense counsel admitted that his comment in the email “seems to be an error,” but
he explained that the “deferred agreement would have spelled out exactly what
was happening with the other case”—which it certainly did—and that Aguila
“asked a lot of questions and I think we probably had a long discussion before
court.” Further, a page attached to the plea questionnaire, which Aguila signed
and which stated that “everything was explained to me by my attorney,” listed a
condition of no contact with Michelle and the related case number, which was then
the same case number listed for one of the disorderly conduct counts to which he
was entering a plea.

¶25 Based on defense counsel’s testimony, the circuit court found that
“Aguila may have had reservations about pleading but any reservations were
answered in the conference that [defense counsel] and [Aguila] had immediately
prior to the plea hearing.” The court accepted defense counsel’s credible

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

testimony regarding the discussion that took place after the email communication.
In response, Aguila claims that there were “no notes or other documentation
substantiating [defense counsel’s] claims,” but sworn testimony from a witness is,
in itself, sufficient factual evidence. While Aguila claims that the court erred in
relying on defense counsel’s testimony because “[defense] counsel had little recall
of the case,” defense counsel actually testified that he “remember[ed] this case
very well.” Thus, the court’s findings are supported by sufficient evidence in the
record, and Aguila has asserted no basis for us to conclude that the court’s
findings were clearly erroneous on these issues.

¶26 On the third issue, Aguila identifies another email—also presented
to the circuit court—where Aguila inquired about early release from probation.
Aguila wrote: “I have a question about a case. I have completed more than half
my probation period. I remember talking with you about qualifying for an early
release once I reached half of my probation. Can you help me with this?”
According to Aguila, he “had never been charged with a crime prior to this
incident and never been placed on probation. Thus, [his] testimony and assertions
that this information came from [defense] counsel during the plea negotiations and
discussions of the [DJA] were plainly credible.”

¶27 The circuit court specifically found that Aguila was “not credible” as
to his claim that defense counsel told him he could obtain “early release” from
probation, finding that “the discussion did not take place.” In particular, the court
credited defense counsel’s testimony that he had no memory of an early release
discussion with either Aguila or the State. Defense counsel explained, “I would
never push a prosecutor, if I got a [DJA], to then work in something where the
client could possibly ask for early release of probation.” Again, aside from
Aguila’s self-serving testimony and conclusory statement that he could have

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

obtained knowledge about early release only from defense counsel—and not, for
example, from an internet search or another individual—he has presented no
persuasive evidence upon which we may conclude that the court clearly erred.

¶28 Finally, as to the fourth issue—that the DJA could not be revoked
simply because someone accused him of a crime—Aguila testified that defense
counsel told him that he “had to be convicted of something, not just accused of a
crime.” Aguila claimed that had he received the correct information from defense
counsel about the plea negotiations and the DJA, he would not have entered into
the DJA.

¶29 The circuit court did not credit Aguila’s testimony on this point. It
also does not appear that postconviction counsel asked defense counsel at the
Machner hearing whether he actually made this statement to Aguila. Aguila does
not reference defense counsel’s testimony on this point, and we could not find any
such testimony upon our review. Instead, the court noted the exchange between
itself and Aguila at the plea hearing, where the court specifically asked Aguila if
he agreed with the DJA, if he signed the DJA, and if he had gone through the DJA
with defense counsel. Aguila answered affirmatively. Further, the court
specifically brought Aguila’s attention to “conditions, [6.a., b. and c.]” in the DJA,
asking if he was “aware” of those conditions. Aguila again agreed. Condition 6.a.
specifically stated that Aguila agreed to “[c]ommit no further acts which rise to the
level of probable cause of a violation of the criminal laws or ordinances of the
State of Wisconsin, counties within the State of Wisconsin, or of any other state,
or of the United States of America.” (Emphasis added.) Thus, it was clearly
stated in the DJA that Aguila did not need to be convicted of a new crime for him
to violate the terms of the DJA, and Aguila told the court that he had read and
understood those terms. Further, as noted above, Aguila acknowledged that he

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

understood that he need only be “accused of another crime” in his email to defense
counsel prior to his plea.

¶30 As the State argues, the majority of the information that Aguila
claims he was misinformed about was addressed at other points in the plea
process. For example, the circuit court’s written decision denying Aguila’s plea
withdrawal motion cited the transcript of the “very detailed plea colloquy,” the
transcript of the arraignment, the criminal complaint, the DJA, and the plea
questionnaire and attached documents. In concluding that Aguila was not credible
in his assertions that defense counsel performed deficiently by providing incorrect
information, the court relied on these documents, Aguila’s statements during the
plea hearing that he had reviewed these documents with defense counsel, Aguila’s
testimony at the Machner hearing that he did in fact read the documents prior to
entering his pleas, and defense counsel’s testimony that he provided Aguila the
correct information.

¶31 At the Machner hearing, Aguila claimed that despite his answers to
the circuit court’s questions at the plea hearing, he did not “know what the
criminal system was all about” so he “was under the impression that [his] attorney
had everything figured out.” However, his claims that he merely “trusted [his]
attorney” are belied by defense counsel’s comments at the plea hearing that Aguila
was “very inquisitive about all the conditions of probation as well as the deferred
agreement and he read it several times.” Additionally, in its decision, the court
specifically observed that Aguila “has a high school education and a degree from
Northeastern Wisconsin Technical College and has worked as an engineer at a
local company. He clearly is educated and has an attention to detail as engineers
must.” The court found those facts “significant” to the matter at hand.

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

¶32 Therefore, we conclude that Aguila failed to establish that defense
counsel’s alleged errors actually occurred, and, thus, he failed to prove that
defense counsel performed deficiently. Further, to the extent that these alleged
errors or misunderstandings on Aguila’s part could have rendered his pleas not
knowing, intelligent, and voluntary, based on the record in this case, the circuit
court was not persuaded by Aguila’s account, and neither are we. Aguila has
provided no evidence that would call into question the court’s credibility
determinations or factual findings, which are supported by evidence in the record
and are not otherwise “inherently or patently incredible.” See Dickman, 303
Wis. 2d 241, ¶14.

¶33 Next, Aguila argues that defense counsel’s failure to present him
with discovery documents as well as “the numerous problems with the evidence in
the case deprived him of a knowing and voluntary choice to enter into the plea
agreement.” He claims that had he “known about this favorable evidence, he
would have forgone the plea agreement and went to trial instead.”

¶34 In particular, Aguila asserts that he was unaware of numerous factual
discrepancies related to the witnesses’ statements, including discrepancies
regarding the suspect’s description and the gun’s description. At the Machner
hearing, Aguila testified that defense counsel had not discussed these factual
issues with him prior to entry of his pleas. As to the witnesses’ statements, the
circuit court’s written decision adopted the State’s argument, concluding that
“much of what [Aguila] complains about is in the complaint…. Again, something
that he [is] said to have read.”

¶35 We agree with the circuit court that Aguila’s alleged factual
discrepancies were evident from the complaint. For example, Aguila claims he

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

“was not aware that [the witnesses’] identifications of Mr. Aguila occurred three
days after the incident and after he asserted that there had been no altercation with
his family and that the women were shouting racial epithets at his family on the
night in question.” The complaint is clear, however, that the incident occurred on
June 12, 2016, and the witnesses provided written statements on June 15 and the
photo lineup occurred on June 16—which are three and four days later,
respectively. Aguila also claims that he did not know that two other witnesses did
not see a gun being pointed at Lynn. Aguila does not identify these two witnesses
in either his brief or his postconviction motion, but from the complaint, the
witnesses appear to be Lynn’s wife and Lynn’s son. Again, the complaint states
that Lynn’s wife saw a “shorter Latino male … holding a silver revolver … and
stated he had it down at his right side holding it with his right hand.” The
complaint continues: “At no point in time did [Lynn’s wife] see the gun pointed at
anyone, but she did hear [Lynn] question the male about why he needed a
weapon.” As for the second witness, if Aguila is referring to Lynn’s son,
according to the complaint, he never came into the alley and therefore would not
have seen a gun.

¶36 Further, Aguila claims that he was not aware “that the two primary
witnesses reported seeing a different number of men in the alley during the
confrontation, nor was he aware that both women told police that prior to their
arrival, they saw a Jeep Liberty carrying four Hispanic men fleeing the scene.”
Here, too, the complaint is clear that Lynn reported that she encountered two men,
while her wife reported that there were three men, and both women noted “a blue
Jeep Liberty.”

¶37 Finally, Aguila has identified discrepancies with the gun—which
was never found—suggesting that the gun that fit into the gun case that law

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

enforcement recovered “would have been impossible to conceal in a back jeans
pocket as described by the witnesses” because “the gun that fit into that
case … weighed nearly three pounds and was nearly a foot long.” However, the
witnesses reported that the gun had “a long barrel” and that when the suspect “put
the gun into his right back pocket … it was weighing down his pants slightly.”

¶38 In reply, Aguila counters that “there were issues with the
identification that do not appear in the criminal complaint, specifically
misidentifying his height, age, length of hair and facial hair.” We disagree with
Aguila that the differences regarding the suspect’s identification were not
contained within the complaint. According to the complaint, the initial witness
report identified the suspect “as approximately 5’5” to 5’7” tall, around 180
[pounds], with a shaved head, sunglasses, a white button up shirt, and jeans.” The
complaint then states that later, written reports described that suspect as “5’8”,
approximately 180 [pounds] with dark short buzzed hair, approximately 40 to 42
years old wearing aviator sunglasses, a white button down and stone wash[ed]
jeans” and as “5’6”, 5’8”, approximately 180 [pounds] with short hair and clean.”
The differences Aguila now highlights—namely, that he was thirty years old at the
time of his arrest; that he is five feet, four inches tall; and that “he had a shaved
head and goatee as documented in his booking photo”—would have been evident
to him on his review of the complaint.

¶39 Aguila also claims that the information regarding Korth was not
made known to him prior to accepting the State’s offer. Defense counsel
specifically testified that he “had no idea what was going on with … Korth at that
time.” Defense counsel explained that he was concerned with what the victim
would have testified to, not Korth, and had he known about Korth’s disciplinary
proceedings, he did not “know [if he] would have made a different

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

recommendation” to Aguila. He also noted that the issue with Korth had come up
in another case, “[a]nd the advice to that client was the same.”

¶40 On appeal, Aguila makes much out of Korth’s involvement in this
case. The State, however, did not list Korth as a witness and did not intend to call
Korth at trial. Further, the complaint mentions only that Korth was at the scene
and that “Korth called out that in front of [a home] there was loud music and there
were 2 male Hispanics in the driveway; one with a white shirt and jeans, and one
with a gray hoodie and khaki shorts.” Aguila cites additional information
contained in a computer aided dispatch report that Korth allegedly saw Aguila
with a weapon, but that information was not included in the complaint. Korth’s
police report, created after the incident, states that he encountered Aguila from a
distance, but he “was too far to see if he had empty hands or not. Based on my
training and experience, [Aguila’s] body language was consistent with someone
pointing a handgun at me.”

¶41 When this information was brought to the circuit court’s attention, it
agreed with the State that “Korth said he didn’t know whether [Aguila] had empty
hands or not” and that he did not “actually [see] a firearm pointed at him,” calling
Aguila’s position an “overreach.” Accordingly, the court specifically found that
Korth was not a material witness and that he “offer[ed] nothing to the defense to
be called as a witness.” Aside from disagreeing with the court’s determination
that information regarding Korth was not relevant, Aguila does not offer anything

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No. 2022AP1064-CR

other than his contrary opinion to explain why the court’s finding was clearly
erroneous.9

¶42 In its written decision denying Aguila’s motion, the circuit court
specifically stated: “I am finding that the reason [Aguila] is complaining about the
[DJA] is that he did not successfully complete the deferred agreement and now has
a felony conviction.” At sentencing, the court reiterated that it did not “believe”
Aguila’s purported reasons for seeking plea withdrawal, stated that Aguila “knew
exactly what [he was] doing,” and observed that “it’s disingenuous to say that he
didn’t understand what was going on. I think [he] more than understood.” Aguila
has not shown on appeal that the court’s findings are clearly erroneous. Based on
the court’s factual findings, we cannot conclude that the court erred in determining
that defense counsel did not provide constitutionally ineffective assistance and that
Aguila’s pleas were knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.

By the Court.—Judgment affirmed.

This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)5.

9
According to Aguila, his defense attorney’s testimony that “he does not focus on what
the officers say in their reports, only what ‘the victim’s going to say,’ certainly cannot be
considered good strategic advice in almost any case, and particularly this one where Mr. Aguila
was arrested on scene only because of the statements of Mr. Korth.” Aguila cites to Record 85
for that proposition, but Record 85 does not appear to be included in the appellate record. Our
independent investigation revealed that Record 85 of the circuit court record was a hearing notice.
As the appellate record stands, the complaint does not suggest that Aguila was arrested “only
because of the statements” of Korth. Aguila was arrested because he fit the initial description of
the suspect and did not immediately comply with law enforcement instructions.

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