Elliott v. SCDSS

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE. IT SHOULD NOT BE
CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT IN ANY PROCEEDING
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 268(d)(2), SCACR.

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals

Rebecca Elliott, Appellant,

v.

South Carolina Department of Social Services,
Respondent.

Appellate Case No. 2011-205208

Appeal from Spartanburg County
James F. Fraley, Jr., Family Court Judge

Unpublished Opinion No. 2013-UP-076
Heard January 16, 2013 – Filed February 20, 2013

REVERSED

James Fletcher Thompson, of James Fletcher Thompson,
LLC, of Spartanburg, for Appellant.

Taron Brown Davis, of Columbia, for Respondent.

PER CURIAM: Appellant Rebecca Elliott seeks review of a decision of the
South Carolina Department of Social Services (DSS) to place her name in the
Central Registry of Child Abuse and Neglect. Elliott argues that DSS failed to
conduct "an appropriate and thorough investigation" to determine whether the
report of suspected child abuse in this case was "indicated" or "unfounded." Elliott
also argues that there was no substantial evidence to support the conclusion of DSS
that Elliott's corporal punishment of a child in her care (Child) on August 20, 2008
constituted child abuse. We reverse.

I. Thoroughness of investigation

Section 63-7-920(A)(1) of the South Carolina Code (2010) requires DSS to
conduct "an appropriate and thorough investigation" to determine whether a report
of suspected child abuse is "indicated" or "unfounded." In the present case, the
investigation conducted by DSS fell short of this standard.

Elliott indicated in her written statement that she did not believe she had used
enough force to cause severe bruising. In addition to Elliott's statement, other
information provided to the investigator should have alerted the investigator to the
possibility that an independent force caused the severe bruising. However, the
investigator failed to take steps to rule out other causes. The investigator failed to
conduct a meaningful interview with Child in a neutral setting or to inquire into
whether Child had been spanked during the days and hours preceding or
subsequent to the afternoon of August 20.

Further, the investigator did not interview employees of the daycare facility, other
than Elliott, regarding Child's activities, conditions, and persons with whom he
came in contact throughout the day on August 20 and the preceding days. Neither
did the investigator consult with a medical professional regarding the forces or
medical conditions that could have caused the severe bruises and the timing of
their subsequent appearance. While consultation with a medical professional may
not be necessary for every investigation of alleged child abuse, the circumstances
of this case obviously required such a consultation.

We note that the investigator asked Child's parents to take Child to a child
advocacy center for a medical examination and forensic interview. The
investigator admitted that she would not have asked Child's parents to take this step
if she did not think it was important. Child's mother testified that she and Child's
father did not take this step because the bruises had resolved by the time they could
have taken him to a child advocacy center. Child's mother also testified that she
and Child's father did not take Child to the emergency room when she discovered
the severe bruising on August 20 because she did not think it was an emergency.
Despite these omissions, the investigator might have salvaged the medical aspect
of the investigation by showing a medical professional the photographs taken by
Child's mother in the late afternoon or early evening of August 20. The
investigator did not do so within the forty-five day investigation period.

Based on the foregoing, the family court erred in concluding that the investigation
of DSS was appropriate and thorough.

II. Substantial Evidence

In concluding that Elliott's spanking of Child constituted excessive corporal
punishment, the final administrative order of DSS indicates that it relied on the
photographs taken by Child's mother. However, no medical evidence was
presented to show that Elliott's spanking of Child caused the severe bruising
depicted in the photographs, despite the investigator's admission that the
photographs could not, by themselves, pinpoint the time that the force causing the
severe bruising occurred. We emphasize that medical evidence may not be
necessary in every case of suspected child abuse. Nevertheless, in this case,
testimony from a medical professional was necessary to assist the trier of fact in
understanding the manifestation and aging of bruises, both in general and when the
injured individual is extraordinarily sensitive to physical contact.1 See Rule 702,
SCRE ("If scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will assist the trier
of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue, a witness
qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, may
testify thereto in the form of an opinion or otherwise."); State v. Lopez, 306 S.C.
362, 366, 412 S.E.2d 390, 393 (1991) ("Frequently, the diagnosis of a victim's
injuries and the determination of the cause of those injuries based on the symptoms
is manifestly beyond the ability of the average trier of fact. Therefore, a qualified
expert opinion is often essential for the trier of fact to connect the physical findings
to a cause."); S.C. Dep't. of Soc. Servs. v. Father & Mother, 294 S.C. 518, 521-22,
366 S.E.2d 40, 42 (Ct. App. 1988) (citing medical testimony in support of the
finding that the force used by the father was "not moderate in degree").

In the absence of medical evidence, the assumption by DSS that Elliott's spankings
caused the severe bruising depicted in the photographs was speculative. Cf. Watson
v. Ford Motor Co., 389 S.C. 434, 452-53, 699 S.E.2d 169, 179 (2010) (noting that
South Carolina does not follow the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur and holding that in
the absence of any admissible evidence to support the plaintiffs' claim, the jury

1
We recognize that Child's mother testified she was not aware of any medical
condition that would cause Child to bruise easily. However, the mother's lack of
awareness of such a medical condition does not rule out its existence.
impermissibly speculated as to the cause of an accident). Without a reasonable
inference of causation, the findings and conclusions of DSS implicating Elliott in
the severe bruising were unsupported by substantial evidence. See Tennis v. S.C.
Dept. of Soc. Servs., 355 S.C. 551, 558, 585 S.E.2d 312, 316 (Ct. App. 2003)
("Substantial evidence is not a mere scintilla of evidence nor evidence viewed
blindly from one side, but is evidence which, when considering the record as a
whole, would allow reasonable minds to reach the conclusion that the agency
reached." (emphasis added) (citations omitted)). Therefore, the family court erred
in concluding that substantial evidence supported the decision of DSS.

REVERSED.

HUFF, THOMAS, and GEATHERS, JJ., concur.