Terrapin Development, LLC v. Irene M. O'Malley Revocable Trust

June 30, 2021

Supreme Court

No. 2018-346-Appeal.
(PC 17-2417)

Terrapin Development, LLC :

v. :

Irene M. O’Malley Revocable Trust et :
al.

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision
before publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers
are requested to notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme
Court of Rhode Island, 250 Benefit Street, Providence,
Rhode Island 02903, at Telephone 222-3258 or Email
opinionanalyst@courts.ri.gov, of any typographical or
other formal errors in order that corrections may be made
before the opinion is published.
Supreme Court

No. 2018-346-Appeal.
(PC 17-2417)

Terrapin Development, LLC :

v. :

Irene M. O’Malley Revocable Trust et :
al.

Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Robinson, Lynch Prata, and Long, JJ.

OPINION

Justice Long, for the Court. The plaintiff, Terrapin Development, LLC

(Terrapin), appeals from a final judgment of the Superior Court denying its claim

for specific performance of a purchase and sale agreement (PSA) in favor of the

defendants, Irene M. O’Malley Revocable Trust and John P. Brady, Katherine Brady

Walker, and Mary R. Brady, as Trustees of the Irene M. O’Malley Revocable Trust

(collectively the Trust). For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the judgment of the

Superior Court.

Facts and Procedural History

In November 2016, Terrapin and the Trust entered into the PSA whereby

Terrapin agreed to purchase nineteen lots comprising “Phase I” of a planned

-1-
subdivision in Cumberland, Rhode Island, known as Gold Rush Estates. Under

Section 2.02, the PSA provided the terms of payment, including that Terrapin would

pay a portion of the sale price by granting the Trust a note secured by a

second-position mortgage of no more than $450,000, and subject to a first-position

mortgage not to exceed $1,340,000.1 Additionally, Section 6.03 of the PSA required

Terrapin to obtain, by February 24, 2017, certain approvals necessary for the transfer

of the property (the “permitting period”); it also required the Trust to cooperate with

Terrapin in obtaining those approvals and to reasonably extend the permitting period

if necessary. Section 4.01 of the PSA set the closing for “the earlier of: (i) thirty

(30) days after the satisfaction of all conditions precedents set forth in [the PSA]

* * * or, (ii) February 24, 2017, which date shall be reasonably extended if necessary

from time to time in order for [Terrapin] to obtain the Permits[.]” The PSA could

be amended only in writing with signatures from the buyer and seller, under Section

1
Section 2.02 of the PSA states, in relevant part:

“In order to induce the Seller into entering into this
Agreement, * * * at or before the Closing (hereinafter
defined), the Buyer shall execute: (i) a promissory note in
the amount of the Balance in favor of the Seller (the
‘Promissory Note’); and, (ii) a mortgage securing the
Promissory Note in favor of the Seller, which shall: (a) be
recorded in the second position behind any lender-first lien
holder on the Property, the amount of said first lien not to
exceed the sum of One Million, Three Hundred and Forty
Thousand ($1,340,000) Dollars[.]”
-2-
10.02. Notably, given the multiple requirements for time for performance to be

extended “if necessary,” the PSA did not contain a clause indicating that “time was

of the essence” for the parties to complete their obligations.

The parties executed a written amendment to the PSA on March 3, 2017, to

extend the closing date and the permitting period to allow time for resolution of

certain drainage issues raised by the Town of Cumberland (the town). Specifically,

the amendment extended the permitting period under Section 6.03 to April 28, 2017,

and provided that the closing would take place “(i) thirty (30) days after the

satisfaction of all conditions precedents set forth in the [PSA] * * * or, (ii) May 25,

2017 (Ninety (90)) days from the date agreed upon in the [PSA].”

To address the town’s drainage concerns, Terrapin engaged Fuss & O’Neill,

the engineering firm that had prepared the original plans for the Gold Rush Estates

subdivision on behalf of the Trust. Terrapin also proposed a modification of the

subdivision’s plans that included additional phases of the subdivision project beyond

Phase I. However, the Trust instructed Fuss & O’Neill not to cooperate with

Terrapin in preparing the plans. Terrapin requested another extension of the closing

date—a request that the Trust rejected.

Terrapin filed a four-count complaint in the Superior Court on May 24, 2017,

the day before the closing was scheduled to take place, alleging breach of contract

and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and seeking

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specific performance of the PSA and temporary and permanent injunctions.

Terrapin alleged that by instructing Fuss & O’Neill not to prepare work product for

Terrapin in connection with Phase I, the Trust frustrated Terrapin’s ability to obtain

the necessary permits and to close on the property in accordance with the PSA.

The Trust responded with a counterclaim that similarly alleged breach of

contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and

sought a declaratory judgment that the PSA was terminated. In support of its

counterclaim, the Trust asserted that, by seeking to modify plans for phases of the

subdivision beyond Phase I, Terrapin demonstrated that it was “unable and/or

unwilling” to perform the PSA.

Thereafter, Terrapin moved for preliminary and permanent injunctions in

order to force the Trust to perform under the PSA and to prevent the Trust from

“selling, transferring or otherwise encumbering” the property in a manner that ran

afoul of the PSA.

In a letter dated July 12, 2017, the town indicated to Terrapin that the town

would have no objection to recording Phase I of the subdivision after Terrapin posted

the required bond. Terrapin and the Trust entered into a consent order entered by

the Superior Court on July 21, 2017, that amended the PSA.2 The consent order

2
The consent order also continued Terrapin’s motion for a preliminary and
permanent injunction “until such date as set by this [c]ourt, if necessary.”
-4-
extended the closing date to September 29, 2017, and required the parties to obtain

the “necessary approvals from the Town[.]” It also required Terrapin to provide a

commitment letter from its lender to the Trust by August 29, 2017, and a

commitment letter from the agent issuing the performance bond by September 15,

2017.

Terrapin presented the town with a tripartite agreement between Terrapin, its

lender (Needham Bank), and the town’s planning department, in lieu of a

performance bond; however, Terrapin did not meet the August 29, 2017 deadline for

providing the Trust with a commitment letter from its lender. On August 30, 2017,

counsel for the Trust contacted Terrapin’s counsel regarding the outstanding

commitment letter. Terrapin’s counsel did not respond until September 11, 2017;

Terrapin’s counsel forwarded an e-mail from Needham Bank, dated August 30,

2017, that indicated that the lender would “honor its March 23, 2017 commitment

for your project at Gold Rush Estates[,]” a commitment that had approved Terrapin’s

request for a commercial real estate loan.3 The terms were such that Needham Bank

would accept a first-priority mortgage on the property in exchange for a loan in the

amount of $640,000 for the purchase of the property, a nonrevolving construction

3
Apparently, the March 23, 2017 commitment was secured by Terrapin in an effort
to meet the original closing date that was contemplated by the PSA. That
commitment provided that Terrapin was to communicate its acceptance to Needham
Bank within fourteen days. Terrapin did not share the commitment with the Trust
prior to September 11, 2017.
-5-
line of credit in the amount of $760,000, and a $3 million revolving line of credit for

other construction.

The parties did not close on the property by the September 29, 2017 deadline.

On October 3, 2017, Terrapin requested that the Trust stipulate to an extension of

the date set for closing. Although the Trust never agreed to an extension, the parties

continued to negotiate.

Terrapin sent the Trust a draft subordination agreement on October 6, 2017,

that contained several terms that differed from what was contemplated by the PSA.

Specifically, the draft subordination agreement provided that (1) the Trust would

subordinate its security interest to a debt of $1.4 million in addition to a maximum

of $3 million in construction promissory notes; and (2) the Trust’s security interest

would be behind “any and all other indebtedness or liabilities of the Borrower to the

Senior Lender[.]” The Trust objected to the draft subordination agreement.

Approximately three weeks later, Terrapin circulated a second draft of the

subordination agreement to the Trust that eliminated any subordination to

construction notes but still provided that the Trust’s security interest would be

subordinated behind $1.4 million and “any and all other indebtedness or liabilities

of the Borrower to the Senior Lender[.]” Counsel for the Trust did not respond to

Terrapin regarding the second draft.

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On November 1, 2017, the Trust filed an objection to Terrapin’s May 2017

motion for a preliminary injunction and asked the Superior Court to declare that

Terrapin was in breach of the parties’ agreements and that the PSA was null and

void. In support of its request, the Trust asserted that the revised subordination

agreement did not comply with the terms of the PSA because the revisions would

have subordinated the Trust’s security interest to a debt greater than it had bargained

for, in violation of Section 2.02 of the PSA.

In response to the Trust’s objection, Terrapin circulated a third draft

subordination agreement to the Trust on November 2, 2017. The third draft

subordination agreement reflected the correct subordinated amount, $1,340,000, but

still included the language that the Trust’s security interest would be behind “any

and all other indebtedness or liabilities of the Borrower to the Senior Lender[.]”

Unable to reach an agreement with the Trust, Terrapin filed an amended

complaint in the Superior Court on December 18, 2017, seeking specific

performance of the PSA. Terrapin alleged that the Trust was in contempt of the

consent order by failing to cooperate in obtaining the necessary approvals from the

town. Terrapin further alleged that the Trust breached the PSA and the implied

covenant of good faith and fair dealing by not agreeing to additional extensions, as

required under Sections 4.01 and 6.03 of the PSA. In its answer, the Trust asserted

several affirmative defenses, including that Terrapin failed to comply with Section

-7-
2.02 of the PSA; Terrapin was unable to close by the date specified in the amended

PSA; and Terrapin failed to provide a commitment letter from its lender by the date

specified in the amended PSA.

The parties filed a joint statement of undisputed facts, and a nonjury trial on

Terrapin’s complaint for specific performance commenced on May 31, 2018.4 The

trial justice rendered a bench decision on June 11, 2018, in which he found that

Terrapin had not shown that it was able to perform under the PSA. He also found

that the Trust had not unjustifiably failed to perform under the PSA and its

subsequent amendments. Thus, the trial justice denied Terrapin’s request for

specific performance and granted the Trust’s request to terminate the PSA.

The trial justice also addressed two additional issues raised by the parties. He

concluded that if the tripartite agreement had been accepted by the town, such an

agreement in lieu of the bond requirement would not have caused Terrapin to be in

default. Finally, the trial justice found that, although the Trust “rais[ed] obstacles to

the consummation of the contemplated transaction[,]” there was no evidence that the

Trust continued to do so after entry of the consent order. Judgment was entered in

favor of the Trust. Terrapin timely appealed.

4
The scope of the bench trial was limited to the issue of specific performance.
Terrapin’s legal claims were reserved by agreement of the parties for subsequent
adjudication by the Superior Court.
-8-
We consider whether the trial justice erred when he determined that Terrapin

was not entitled to specific performance of the PSA.

Specific Performance

We will reverse a judgment in a nonjury case “when it can be shown that the

trial justice misapplied the law, misconceived or overlooked material evidence or

made factual findings that were clearly wrong.” Lamarque v. Centreville Savings

Bank, 22 A.3d 1136, 1139-40 (R.I. 2011) (quoting Cathay Cathay, Inc. v. Vindalu,

LLC, 962 A.2d 740, 745 (R.I. 2009)). “If, as we review the record, it becomes clear

to us that the record indicates that competent evidence supports the trial justice’s

findings, we shall not substitute our view of the evidence for that of the trial justice

even though a contrary conclusion could have been reached.” Wellington

Condominium Association v. Wellington Cove Condominium Association, 68 A.3d

594, 599 (R.I. 2013) (brackets omitted) (quoting Hernandez v. J.S. Pallet Co., 41

A.3d 978, 982 (R.I. 2012)).

Specific performance is available as a remedy for breach of a real estate

agreement when “the essential contractual provisions [are] clear, definite, certain,

and complete.” Keystone Properties and Development, LLC v. Campo, 989 A.2d

961, 964 (R.I. 2010) (brackets omitted) (quoting Fischer v. Applebaum, 947 A.2d

248, 251-52 (R.I. 2008)). Additionally, the purchaser must establish that he or she

“has at all times been ready, willing, and able to perform his or her part of an

-9-
agreement to transfer real estate[.]” Lajayi v. Fafiyebi, 860 A.2d 680, 688 (R.I. 2004)

(quoting Thompson v. McCann, 762 A.2d 432, 436 (R.I. 2000)). The purchaser must

also establish that the seller “unjustifiably refuse[d] or fail[ed] to perform under the

agreement.” Bucklin v. Morelli, 912 A.2d 931, 936 (R.I. 2007) (quoting Yates v. Hill,

761 A.2d 677, 679 (R.I. 2000)).

Terrapin claims that the trial justice made several errors in deciding that

Terrapin is not entitled to specific performance in this case. First, Terrapin claims

that the trial justice overlooked and ignored material evidence demonstrating that

Terrapin was ready, willing, and able to consummate the PSA because, Terrapin

maintains, it had “consistently worked in good faith towards closing on the

Property[,]” particularly given its ongoing efforts to work with the town and Fuss &

O’Neill to address drainage concerns. Second, Terrapin claims that the trial justice

overlooked and ignored material evidence demonstrating that the Trust waived the

right to demand strict compliance with Section 2.02 of the PSA. Third, Terrapin

claims that the trial justice erroneously found that the Trust was not unjustified in its

failure to consummate the PSA. In support of this argument, Terrapin highlights

evidence of what it asserts is the Trust’s bad-faith conduct, in breach of its duty of

good faith and fair dealing—the fact that the Trust ceased communicating with

Terrapin regarding the Trust’s concerns about the draft subordination agreement, as

well as the Trust’s refusal to extend deadlines to permit recording of Phase I plans.

- 10 -
However, our examination of the record reveals that competent evidence

supports the trial justice’s findings. With respect to Terrapin’s burden to

demonstrate that it was ready, willing, and able to consummate the PSA, it is clear

that the dispositive question was not whether Terrapin had made efforts to address

drainage concerns, but rather whether Terrapin had met its financing obligations in

compliance with Section 2.02 of the PSA.

Section 2.02 required Terrapin to execute a note and mortgage in favor of the

Trust. The Trust’s mortgage would be junior only to the lender’s lien, which would

not exceed $1,340,000. The consent order specified a deadline for Terrapin to

establish that it would be able to meet its financing obligations: Terrapin was to

provide a commitment letter from its lender on or before August 29, 2017, one month

in advance of the parties’ newly agreed-upon closing date. It was Terrapin’s burden

to prove that it was ready, willing, and able to comply with the financing terms, but

the record indicates that Terrapin repeatedly failed to do so. Terrapin did not meet

the extended deadlines under the consent order, and it did not seek a modification of

the court-ordered dates through an appropriate motion. Although the Trust

continued negotiations into October 2017, and considered multiple drafts of a

subordination agreement, the terms of each draft failed to meet the obligations of

Section 2.02. In fact, the language of the proposed subordination agreements would

have required the Trust to subordinate its junior lien to any and all indebtedness of

- 11 -
Terrapin to the lender. It is therefore clear that Terrapin was not ready, willing, and

able to consummate the PSA at any time prior to the November 1, 2017 court filing.

Terrapin attempts to minimize the significance of its failure to comply with

Section 2.02 by claiming that the Trust waived its right to demand strict compliance

with that provision. Terrapin asserts that, despite the language in the PSA that

provides that the Trust would subordinate its security interest to a first-position

mortgage not to exceed $1,340,000, the Trust waived its right to enforce that material

provision because it failed to object to language in the first two draft subordination

agreements that subordinated the Trust’s security interest to “any and all other

indebtedness or liabilities of the Borrower to the Senior Lender[.]”

Fatal to Terrapin’s argument, however, is that “[t]his Court continually has

affirmed that we ‘will not review issues that are raised for the first time on appeal.’”

Tyre v. Swain, 946 A.2d 1189, 1199 (R.I. 2008) (quoting Richard v. Richard, 900

A.2d 1170, 1178 (R.I. 2006)). “Our well settled raise-or-waive rule prevents us from

addressing arguments not raised before the trial justice.” Id. (quoting Richard, 900

A.2d at 1178). It is clear from our review of the record that Terrapin did not raise

this argument in the Superior Court; as such, the trial justice did not have the

opportunity to rule on the issue. It is notable that Terrapin did not press the issue of

waiver in its pretrial filings or at the hearing on its claim for specific performance:

The Trust asserted in numerous filings its entitlement to termination of the PSA

- 12 -
because Terrapin failed to comply with Section 2.02 of the PSA. Accordingly, we

do not consider whether the Trust waived its right to demand strict compliance with

the terms of the PSA.

Although we conclude that Terrapin’s failure to comply with Section 2.02 of

the PSA is dispositive of whether Terrapin is entitled to specific performance of the

PSA, we nevertheless address Terrapin’s final claim: that the trial justice

erroneously found that the Trust was not unjustified in its failure to consummate the

agreement. Terrapin argues that the trial justice overlooked the following alleged

bad-faith conduct by the Trust: (1) ceasing to communicate with Terrapin regarding

concerns about the draft subordination agreement and (2) refusing to extend

deadlines to permit recording of Phase I plans, in violation of Section 6.03 of the

PSA.

Terrapin asserts that the Trust’s failure to communicate its concerns prevented

Terrapin from complying with Section 2.02. According to Terrapin, had the Trust

communicated its concerns, Terrapin would have raised them with the lender and,

according to Terrapin, “it is reasonable to conclude that Needham Bank, (who had

been more than willing to concede to the Trust’s other modification demands),

would have removed that language.”

Our examination of the record reveals that there is no direct evidence that the

lender would have agreed to this request, and it is clear that the trial justice did not

- 13 -
draw this inference. His failure to do so was not clearly wrong, and we decline to

reach a contrary conclusion.

Terrapin’s argument concerning the Trust’s refusal to extend deadlines to

permit recording of Phase I plans is similarly unavailing. The record demonstrates

that the town notified Terrapin on July 12, 2017, that once Terrapin satisfied the

bond requirements, the town would have no objection to the recording of Phase I

plans. The parties entered into a consent order to revise deadlines, and, by the end

of August, Terrapin negotiated a tripartite agreement that satisfied the bond

requirement. However, as discussed previously, Terrapin did not seek a

modification of the court-ordered dates through an appropriate motion.

Accordingly, as Terrapin has not demonstrated that the trial justice

“misapplied the law, misconceived or overlooked material evidence or made factual

findings that were clearly wrong[,]” Lamarque, 22 A.3d at 1139-40 (quoting Cathay

Cathay, Inc., 962 A.2d at 745), we must deny its appeal.

Conclusion

For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the

Superior Court, and remand the papers in this case to the Superior Court.

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STATE OF RHODE ISLAND
SUPREME COURT – CLERK’S OFFICE
Licht Judicial Complex
250 Benefit Street
Providence, RI 02903

OPINION COVER SHEET

Terrapin Development, LLC v. Irene M. O'Malley
Title of Case
Revocable Trust et al.
No. 2018-346-Appeal.
Case Number
(PC 17-2417)

Date Opinion Filed June 30, 2021

Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Robinson, Lynch Prata, and
Justices
Long, JJ.

Written By Associate Justice Melissa A. Long

Source of Appeal Providence County Superior Court

Judicial Officer from Lower Court Associate Justice Michael A. Silverstein

For Plaintiff:

Michael A. Kelly, Esq.
Randall L. Souza, Esq.
Attorney(s) on Appeal Nicole J. Martucci Esq.
For Defendants:

Barry J. Kusinitz, Esq.
Joseph Raheb, Esq.

SU-CMS-02A (revised June 2020)