January 7, 2020- Alree B. Sweat III v. The City of Las Cruces, No. A-1-CA-37730

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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
Court of Appeals of New Mexico
Filed 1/7/2020 9:28 AM
ALREE B. SWEAT III, A
Plaintiff-Appellant, ~£e4
Mark Reynolds
V. No. A-1-CA-37730
THE CITY OF LAS CRUCES,
POLICE CHIEF JAIME MONTOYA,
OFFICER MIRANDA BAKER,
OFFICER PAUL LUJAN, AND
OFFICER JOSE SANCHEZ,

Defendants-Appellees.

APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF DONA ANA COUNTY
James T. Martin, District Judge

Alree B. Sweat III
Clayton, NM

Pro Se Appellant
City of Las Cruces
Mark D. Standridge, Deputy City Attorney
Las Cruces, NM
for Appellees
MEMORANDUM OPINION

VARGAS, Judge.

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{1} 	Plaintiff appeals from the district court’s order granting Defendants’ motion for	1
summary judgment. This Court’s calendar notice proposed to summarily affirm.	2
Plaintiff filed a memorandum in opposition to the proposed disposition. Not persuaded	3
by Plaintiff’s arguments, we affirm.	4
{2} 	Plaintiff continues to argue that the district court improperly decided the notice	5
of claim issue. [DS 10; MIO 5-7] The calendar notice proposed to affirm on the basis	6
that Plaintiff’s notice to the risk management division of the state was insufficient	7
under the Tort Claims Act (TCA), NMSA 1978, Section 41-4-16(A) (1977), which	8
required written notice to the mayor, and that the exceptions from immunity in the	9
TCA are inapplicable absent proper notice. [CN 2-3] The memorandum in opposition	10
now 	asserts 	that 	“[Plaintiff] 	and 	the 	city 	attorney 	had 	exchanged 	written	11
communication within the ninety-day period regarding [Plaintiff]’s claims.” [MIO 6]	12
It appears from the record, however, that Plaintiff did not dispute the facts asserted by	13
Defendants in summary judgment pleadings.	14
{3} 	Specifically, Defendants asserted as an undisputed fact, supported by a signed	15
affidavit, that at no time did Plaintiff serve on the city a TCA notice within ninety	16
days of September 14, 2012. [1 RP 98 ¶ 21] Rather, the only notice Plaintiff filed with	17
the City concerning an incident near September 14, 2012, was notice to the mayor,	18
received on December 23, 2013, concerning an unrelated incident or case that	19

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occurred on October 11, 2013. [1 RP 99; 1 RP 150] Plaintiff’s response to the motion	1
did not dispute these facts, but instead asserted that he served notice to the risk	2
management division of the state. [1 RP 162] Not having disputed the facts asserted	3
in Defendants’ motion for summary judgment, they were deemed admitted. See Rule	4
1-056(D)(2) NMRA (“All material facts set forth in the statement of the moving party	5
shall be deemed admitted unless specifically controverted.”); Associated Home & RV	6
Sales, Inc. v. Bank of Belen, 2013-NMCA-018, ¶ 29, 294 P.3d 1276 (“A party	7
opposing a motion for summary judgment must make an affirmative showing by	8
affidavit or other admissible evidence that there is a genuine issue of material fact	9
once a prima facie showing is made by the movant.” (internal quotation marks and	10
citation omitted)).	11
{4} 	Moreover, even assuming the notice was otherwise in compliance with the TCA	12
notice provision, it was received on December 23, 2013, more than ninety days from	13
September 14, 2012, the date of the incident. [1 RP 150] To the extent that Plaintiff	14
repeats the same arguments concerning the exceptions to immunity as provided in	15
Section 41-4-16(A), we affirm for the reasons stated in the proposed disposition. See	16
State v. Mondragon, 1988-NMCA-027, ¶ 10, 107 N.M. 421, 759 P.2d 1003 (stating	17
that “[a] party responding to a summary calendar notice must come forward and	18
specifically point out errors of law and fact[,]” and the repetition of earlier arguments	19

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does not fulfill this requirement), superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in	1
State v. Harris, 2013-NMCA-031, ¶ 3, 297 P.3d 374.	2
{5} 	Plaintiff also continues to argue that the district court improperly calculated the	3
statute of limitations governed by NMSA 1978, Section 41-4-15 (1977), held	4
unconstitutional on other grounds as recognized by Jaramillo v. Heaton, 2004-	5
NMCA-123, ¶ 4, 136 N.M. 498, 100 P.3d 204. [DS 11; MIO 8] Our calendar notice	6
proposed to conclude that regardless of whether the September 14, 2012 date of injury	7
or the asserted September 23, 2014 date of dismissal applied, the TCA statute of	8
limitations expired long before March 10, 2017, the date Plaintiff’s complaint was	9
filed. [CN 5; 1 RP 1; 2 RP 263, ¶ 1] See § 41-4-15 (“Actions against a governmental	10
entity or a public employee for torts shall be forever barred, unless such action is	11
commenced within two years after the date of occurrence resulting in loss, injury or	12
death[.]”).	13
{6} 	We understand Plaintiff to now argue that his complaint was timely because the	14
prosecution of his case ended on September 23, 2014, and he filed the complaint	15
within two years, on September 13, 2016, when he placed the complaint into the	16
institutional mailbox of the prison. [MIO 8] It appears that the September 23, 2014	17
dismissal Plaintiff refers to is the date that the district court held a hearing and	18
dismissed a charge against Plaintiff for aggravated fleeing an officer in an unrelated	19

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district court criminal action. [RP 164; D-307-CR-2012-1326 10-2-14 Order] See Rule	1
5-611(H) NMRA (“An order declaring a mistrial for jury disagreement shall be in	2
writing and shall expressly reserve the right to retry the defendant. Orders declaring	3
mistrial for jury disagreement shall be substantially in the form approved by the	4
[S]upreme [C]ourt.”). However, as proposed in the calendar notice, the statute of	5
limitations began to run from the date of Plaintiff’s injuries in this case— September	6
14, 2012. Plaintiff does not raise any new arguments to persuade us that our proposed	7
disposition was in error. See Hennessy v. Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M.	8
754, 955 P.2d 683 (“Our courts have repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases,	9
the burden is on the party opposing the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors	10
in fact or law.”). We note that Plaintiff’s challenge to the district court’s denial of his	11
second motion for judgment on the pleadings also refers to the September 2014	12
dismissal date. [MIO 12] However, the dismissal of an unrelated criminal action has	13
no bearing on Plaintiff’s second motion for judgment on the pleadings in this matter.	14
{7} 	As to the asserted error by the district court in applying the doctrine of res	15
judicata, we proposed to conclude that the district court properly precluded federal law	16
claims based on the same facts that were, or could have been, asserted in the federal	17
court action. [CN 6] We understand Plaintiff to now argue that the remedies provided	18
by 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2018) for a deprivation of constitutional rights are different than,	19

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and supplemental to, the remedies provided by the TCA in state court; and precluding	1
claims based on the same occurrence in both courts, whether consecutively or	2
simultaneously brought, leads to an injustice. [MIO 10] However, the reason Plaintiff	3
was precluded from bringing his § 1983 federal based claim in state district court was	4
because it was based on facts arising from the same occurrence, was known to	5
Plaintiff, but was not asserted in the federal court action. See Bank of Santa Fe v.	6
Marcy Plaza Assoc., 2002-NMCA-014, ¶ 13, 131 N.M. 537, 40 P.3d 442 (“Claim	7
preclusion, or res judicata, precludes a subsequent action involving the same claim or	8
cause of action.”). Thus, to the extent Plaintiff maintains that there was no final	9
judgment on the merits of his § 1983 racial profiling claim, there need not have been;	10
rather, a final judgment in the federal case was all that was required for res judicata	11
to apply. See id. ¶ 14 (“Res judicata bars not only claims that were raised in the prior	12
proceeding, but also claims that could have been raised.”).	13
{8} 	In response to our proposal that under New Mexico law, neither party has a	14
right to counsel in a civil case, see Bruce v. Lester, 1999-NMCA-051, ¶ 4, 127 N.M.	15
301, 980 P.2d 84, Plaintiff cites to federal case law for the contention that where it is	16
apparent that a pro se litigant lacks the capacity to present colorable claims, the district	17
court should appoint counsel to assist him. [MIO 16] The proposition on which	18
Plaintiff relies is based on a federal statute inapplicable to state court proceedings. We	19

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are not bound by federal law; 	New Mexico law governs whether counsel must be	1
provided for civil state actions. See State v. Manzanares, 1983-NMSC-102, ¶ 3, 100	2
N.M. 621, 674 P.2d 511 (stating that the Court of Appeals is bound by the decisions	3
of our New Mexico Supreme Court on questions involving federal law, even when a	4
decision by the United States Supreme Court seems to conflict with that precedent).	5
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{9} 	Lastly, to the extent Plaintiff continues to challenge the district court’s denial	7
of his motion for reconsideration, as well as the granting of summary judgment in	8
Defendants’ favor [MIO 11-15], the memorandum in opposition does not respond to	9
the proposed disposition by pointing to specific errors in fact or law; nor does Plaintiff	10
raise any new arguments to persuade this Court that our proposed disposition on these	11
issues was incorrect. See Hennessy, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24.	12
{10} 	For the reasons stated in our calendar notice, as well as the reasons above, we	13
affirm.	14
{11} 	IT IS SO ORDERED.	15
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JULIE J. VARGAS, Judge	17

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WE CONCUR:
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M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge
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Kristina Bogardus
KRISTINA BOGARDUS, Judge
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