Op. Atty. Gen. 622i-11

SCHOOL DISTRICTS: SCHOOL PROPERTY: PURCHASE OF REAL PROPERTY; SALE OF
REAL PROPERTY: Intermediate school district’s purchase of property from a member district
where the member district retains title as security for the purchase price is governed by Minn. Stat.
§ 465.71 and the limitations therein and is not authorized by Minn. Stat. § 465.035. Overruling
prior Attorney General Opinions to the extent they conflict with Minn. Stat. § 465.71. See, e.g.,
Ops. Atty. Gen. 622-j-22 (Sept. 17, 1974); 622-j-5 (Apr. 30, 1971); 622-I-2 (Jan. 19, 1963); 622-
I-2 (Dec. 8, 1961); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3, 1959); 622i2 (Apr. 9, 1958); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3, 1946); 622-I-
11 (Jun. 7, 1909)
Minn. Stat. §§ 123B.51, 465.035 and 465.71.

Index No. 622-i-11

February 17, 2023

Peter A. Martin
Kennedy & Graven, Chartered
Fifth Street Towers
150 South Fifth Street, Suite 700
Minneapolis, MN 55402

Re: Opinion Request – Purchase of Schoolhouse Using Contract for Deed

Dear Mr. Martin:

You represent SouthWest Metro Intermediate District No. 288 (“SouthWest” or “District”)
and pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 8.07 you request an interpretation of Minnesota law related to the
purchase of a building for District purposes. Specifically, you ask whether SouthWest may
purchase a school building from one of its member districts pursuant to a contract for deed or
installment purchase contract.

In our opinion, the purchase of real or personal property by SouthWest from a member
district where the member district retains title as security for the purchase price is governed by
Minn. Stat. § 465.71 and the limitations therein and is not authorized by Minn. Stat. § 465.035.

BACKGROUND

SouthWest is an intermediate school district comprised of 11 independent districts. The
District was formed pursuant to Minn. Stat. §§ 136D.41-136D.49. The District’s mission is to
provide services that complement the educational services offered by its member districts. These
services include mental health supports and special education. SouthWest owns and operates
several buildings and sites to facilitate delivery of these services.

445 Minnesota Street, Suite 1400, St. Paul, MN 55101-2131
Office: (651) 296-3353 • Toll Free: (800) 657-3787 • Minnesota Relay: (800) 627-3529
An Equal Opportunity Employer Who Values Diversity
Peter A. Martin, Esq.
February 17, 2023
Page 2

You state that for several months SouthWest has been looking to acquire additional
building space to expand the delivery of special education and much-needed mental health services
to students with disabilities. A member school district has proposed selling to SouthWest, for
$1,517,000, a recently closed elementary school owned by the member district. The member has
proposed a sale by contract for deed, under which SouthWest would pay $517,000 at closing and
the remainder through two semi-annual payments of $100,000 over five years.

QUESTIONS
1. Is an independent school district authorized to sell, and is SouthWest authorized to
purchase, a schoolhouse site owned by the independent school district pursuant to a
contract for deed or installment purchase contract?

2. Does Minn. Stat. § 465.035 authorize the transaction described above?

ANSWER AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
We begin by acknowledging that in establishing Intermediate District No. 288 in 2015 the
Legislature granted to SouthWest all the powers granted by law to any or all of the participating
school districts, and no more. Minn. Stat. § 136D.44. Thus, as you note, if a school district is not
able to purchase property under a contract for deed, SouthWest will be similarly limited.

We also begin by noting that a contract for deed is a financing arrangement under which
the buyer purchases property by borrowing the purchase money from the seller. In re Butler, 552
N.W.2d 226, 229 (Minn. 1996). During the contract term the seller holds legal title, and the
purchaser holds equitable title. Nichols v. L & O, Inc., 196 N.W.2d 465, 468 n.7 (Minn. 1972). A
contract for deed is sometimes referred to as an installment land contract because the buyer makes
installment payments over time until the debt is paid. See, e.g., Nolan v. Greeley, 185 N.W. 647,
648 (Minn. 1921).

School District Purchase by Contract for Deed or Installment Purchase. A school district
is among the governmental entities subject to laws regarding public indebtedness. Minn. Stat.
§ 475.51, subd. 2. As you acknowledge, opinions of this Office dating back many decades held
that public school districts may not purchase real property pursuant to a contract for deed or
installment purchase agreement. Ops. Atty. Gen. 622-j-22 (Sept. 17, 1974); 622-j-5 (Apr. 30,
1971); 622-I-2 (Jan. 19, 1963); 622-I-2 (Dec. 8, 1961); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3, 1959); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3,
1946); 622-I-11 (Jun. 7, 1909). In 1958, the analysis stated explicitly that the only method by
which a district could become indebted was by bond issue. Op. Atty. Gen. 622i2 (Apr. 9, 1958),
p. 3.

In the intervening decades, the Legislature has established methods of financing school
capital projects in addition to a bond issue. Specific to the question posed, in 1982 the Legislature
authorized school districts to acquire real or personal property through installment contracts or
lease-purchase agreements if they meet specific requirements. 1982 Minn. Laws ch. 523 art. 15
§ 4. That law now provides:
Peter A. Martin, Esq.
February 17, 2023
Page 3

A home rule charter city, statutory city, county, town, or school district may
purchase personal property under an installment contract, or lease real or personal
property with an option to purchase under a lease-purchase agreement, by which
contract or agreement title is retained by the seller or vendor or assigned to a third
party as security for the purchase price, including interest, if any, but such
purchases are subject to statutory and charter provisions applicable to the purchase
of real or personal property. . . . The obligation created by an installment contract
or a lease-purchase agreement for personal property, or an installment contract or a
lease-purchase agreement for real property if the amount of the contract for
purchase of the real property is less than $1,000,000, shall not be included in the
calculation of net debt for purposes of section 475.53, and shall not constitute debt
under any other statutory provision. No election shall be required in connection
with the execution of an installment contract or a lease-purchase agreement
authorized by this section. The city, county, town, or school district must have the
right to terminate a lease-purchase agreement at the end of any fiscal year during
its term.

Minn. Stat. § 465.71. See also, Minnesota Department of Education, Guide for Planning School
Construction Projects in Minnesota (Nov. 8, 2018), p. 8. 1

Accordingly, it is no longer the case that the only method by which a district may become
indebted is through a bond issue. Section 465.71 authorizes installment contracts and lease-
purchase agreements in which title to the property is retained by the seller. However, the statute
imposes additional requirements, including that the purchase is subject to other statutes applicable
to the purchase of property by the governmental entity, and that the purchaser must have the right
to terminate a lease-purchase agreement at the end of any fiscal year during the term of the
agreement.

Section 465.71 is referenced in the statute that allows school districts to acquire sites for
schoolhouses:

According to section 126C.40, subdivision 1, or 465.71, when funds are available,
the board may locate and acquire necessary sites of schoolhouses or enlargements,
or additions to existing schoolhouse sites by lease, purchase or condemnation under
the power of eminent domain.

Minn. Stat. § 123B.51, subd. 1. This section allows such acquisitions by lease or purchase when
funds are available. Therefore, a school district is authorized to use section 465.71 for the purpose
of acquisition of a school site.

1
https://education.mn.gov/MDE/dse/schfin/fac/cons/index.htm
Peter A. Martin, Esq.
February 17, 2023
Page 4

In a telephone conversation you indicated that use of an instrument described in
section 465.71 is not an option for the parties. However, to answer the question posed, SouthWest,
having the powers of an independent district, may purchase property with the seller retaining title
as security for the purchase if SouthWest meets the requirements of Minn. Stat. § 465.71.
Accordingly, we hereby overrule our prior opinions on this subject to the extent they conflict with
Minn. Stat. § 465.71. These opinions include Ops. Atty. Gen. 622-j-22 (Sept. 17, 1974); 622-j-5
(Apr. 30, 1971); 622-I-2 (Jan. 19, 1963); 622-I-2 (Dec. 8, 1961); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3, 1959); 622i2
(Apr. 9, 1958); 622-i-11 (Apr. 3, 1946); 622-I-11 (Jun. 7, 1909).

Your first question also asked whether a school district is authorized to sell pursuant to a
contract for deed or installment purchase contract. Section 123B.51, subd. 1 authorizes a district
to sell schoolhouses or sites. The statute imposes no express limitation on purchaser financing
when a school district is the seller and not the purchaser. Id. Accordingly, we see no reason to
revisit the opinions of this Office, cited in your letter, that hold a school district may sell a
schoolhouse pursuant to contract for deed. See, e.g., Op. Atty. Gen., 622-i-8 (Sept. 9, 1983).

Sale to Public Corporation via “Such Consideration as May be Agreed Upon.” Despite
the clear application of section 465.71 to school district real property acquisitions evidenced in
Minn. Stat. § 123B.51, you also ask us to consider whether the proposed transaction would be
permissible under Minn. Stat. § 465.035. That statute provides:

Any county, town, city or other public corporation may lease or convey its lands
for a nominal consideration, without consideration or for such consideration as may
be agreed upon to the state or to any governmental subdivision, to . . . another public
corporation . . . for public use when authorized by its governing body.

We note that this statute predates and is significantly broader in scope than section 465.71. You
argue that a school district is a public corporation and that the phrase “such consideration as may
be agreed upon” affords the parties discretion to fashion any type of consideration including a
contract for deed or installment purchase agreement. 2

However, reading “such consideration as may be agreed upon” in section 465.035 to
authorize any contract for deed or installment purchase would conflict with the specific
requirements in Minn. Stat. § 465.71 for the terms of such instruments. When a general provision
in a law conflicts with a specific provision in another law, the specific provision controls. Minn.
Stat. § 645.26, subd. 1. Likewise, a later enacted law controls over a conflicting prior enactment.

2
You assert that this interpretation is supported by an opinion from this Office that determined a
school district could not sell property to a non-profit hospital corporation pursuant to a contract
for deed because the non-profit was not a public corporation. Op. Atty. Gen. 622-i-j (Aug. 11,
1952). You claim the opinion implied that a contract for deed would have been authorized if the
proposed transaction was with a public corporation. We see no basis in the opinion for this
implication.
Peter A. Martin, Esq.
February 17, 2023
Page 5

Id. at subd. 4. Therefore, with respect to school district schoolhouse and site acquisition,
section 465.71 would control over any inconsistent language in section 465.035.

To the extent further analysis is helpful, we also question whether the phrase “such
consideration as may be agreed upon” is intended to reference the method of financing the
purchase. In State v. Schouweiler, 887 N.W.2d 22, 25 (Minn. 2016) the Minnesota Supreme Court
noted that in ordinary, nonlegal speech, “consideration” means “payment given as compensation
for a good or service” (citing Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English
Language Unabridged 484 (2002)), and as a contractual term of art means “act or forbearance that
induces a contractually binding promise” (citing Consideration, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed.
2014)). Schouweiler, 887 N.W.2d at 25.

As a method of financing and not the value per se, a contract for deed or installment
purchase contract could be an “act or forbearance” which might be “such consideration” only if
the Legislature intended to use the phrase not in its ordinary sense but as a contractual term of art.

To determine whether words in a statute have a technical or ordinary meaning, we look to
the context in which the word appears. Schouweiler, 887 N.W.2d at 25. The “such consideration”
phrase is one in a series – “a nominal consideration, without consideration, or for such
consideration as may be agreed upon.” Minn. Stat. § 465.035. Nominal consideration is defined
similarly in both legal and nonlegal contexts. In its legal sense it means “Consideration that is so
insignificant as to bear no relationship to the value of what is being exchanged (e.g., $10 for a
piece of real estate)” Nominal consideration, Black’s Law Dictionary (8th ed. 2004). In its ordinary
nonlegal definition “nominal” means “existing in name only;” or “[I]nsignificantly small; trifling;
a nominal sum.” The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1997).

The statute authorizes conveyances where consideration is nominal – i.e., in name only or
trifling – and gifts of land from one public entity to another. A gift cannot induce a contractually
binding promise. Barnier v. Wells, 476 N.W.2d 795, 797 (Minn. App. 1991). Thus, the series in
which “such consideration” appears directs us to the nonlegal meaning – the payment agreed upon
– and not the method of financing as an act inducing a contractually binding promise. Reading
“such consideration” to refer to the dollar amount agreed upon is more consistent with “nominal”
as a statement of value, such as “ten dollars,” and “without” as indicating a gift.

Given our determinations that section 465.71 controls over section 465.035, and that the
method of financing – by contract for deed – is not what is meant by “such consideration as may
be agreed upon,” we need not decide whether an intermediate school district is a public corporation
within the meaning of section 465.035. 3 Even if SouthWest was such a corporation,
section 465.71 controls the proposed transaction over section 465.035.

3
We also believe, in light of the distinctions among types of school districts as public corporations
reflected in Minn. Stat. § 123A.55, that this determination is best left to the Legislature.
Peter A. Martin, Esq.
February 17, 2023
Page 6

We hope this analysis is helpful to you.

Sincerely,

/s/ Susan Gretz
SUSAN C. GRETZ
Assistant Attorney General

Encl: Op. Atty. Gen., 622-i-8 (Sept. 9, 1983)
Op. Atty. Gen. 622-i-7 (Aug. 11, 1952)

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