State v. Lacey Mark Sivak

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

Docket No. 41392

STATE OF IDAHO, ) 2014 Unpublished Opinion No. 828
)
Plaintiff-Respondent, ) Filed: November 25, 2014
)
v. ) Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
)
LACEY MARK SIVAK, ) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
Defendant-Appellant. ) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
)

Appeal from the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District, State of Idaho, Ada
County. Hon. Jason D. Scott, District Judge.

Judgment of conviction and determinate life sentence for felony first degree
murder and use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, affirmed; order
denying I.C.R. 35 motion for reduction of sentence, affirmed.

Sara B. Thomas, State Appellate Public Defender; Ian H. Thomson, Deputy
Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.

Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; L. LaMont Anderson, Deputy
Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________

Before LANSING, Judge; GRATTON, Judge;
and MELANSON, Judge

PER CURIAM
Lacey Mark Sivak was found guilty of felony first degree murder, I.C. §§ 18-4001 and
18-4003, and use of a firearm in the commission of a felony, I.C. § 19-2520. Sivak was initially
sentenced to death. After numerous appeals, several capital resentencings and years of litigation
in both the state and federal courts, Sivak’s death sentence was vacated and his case was
scheduled for resentencing. Following an updated presentence report, testimony by witnesses
and a resentencing hearing, the district court sentenced Sivak to a determinate term of life
imprisonment. Sivak filed an I.C.R 35 motion, which the district court denied. Sivak appeals.

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The question before this Court is not what sentence it would have imposed but, rather,
whether the district court abused its discretion. State v. Stevens, 146 Idaho 139, 148-49, 191
P.3d 217, 226-27 (2008). Where reasonable minds might differ, the discretion vested in the trial
court will be respected and this Court will not supplant the views of the trial court with its own.
State v. Windom, 150 Idaho 873, 875, 253 P.3d 310, 312 (2011).
A fixed life sentence requires a high degree of certainty that the perpetrator could never
be safely released back into society or that the nature of the offense requires that the individual
spend the rest of his or her life behind bars. Windom, 150 Idaho at 876, 253 P.3d at 313. See
also State v. Li, 131 Idaho 126, 129, 952 P.2d 1262, 1265 (Ct. App. 1998); State v. Eubank, 114
Idaho 635, 638, 759 P.2d 926, 929 (Ct. App. 1988).
Sivak contends that his sentence is excessive. The maximum sentence the district court
could have imposed was the death penalty. The sentence imposed did not exceed the maximum.
Therefore, Sivak must show that the sentence is unreasonable under any reasonable view of the
facts. See Windom, 150 Idaho at 875, 253 P.3d at 312. Sivak’s crime is summarized as follows:
On April 6, 1981, Dixie Wilson, an attendant at a self service gas station,
was discovered near death by a customer. She had been stabbed numerous times
and shot several times. Evidence indicated she had also been sexually molested.
She later died from her wounds.
Witnesses saw two men inside the station with Wilson shortly before the
murder, one they identified as Randall Bainbridge. [Sivak] and Bainbridge were
seen together before and after the killing.
[Sivak] admitted being present during the robbery and murder, but
claimed he was merely an innocent bystander. He claimed he did not participate
in the robbery and murder and did not carry a firearm. However, [Sivak’s]
fingerprint was found on the murder weapon.
Evidence indicated [Sivak] had previously worked at the station, was
known to the victim, had expressed animosity toward her, and had called to
inquire who would be on duty at the station on April 6, 1981. The gun used in the
attack was found in a storage shed rented by [Sivak].

State v. Sivak, 105 Idaho 900, 902, 674 P.2d 396, 398 (1983).
At resentencing, the district court specifically recognized that the sentencing decision was
committed to its discretion and that it was required to act within the bounds of that discretion
through an exercise of reason. The district court discussed the goals of sentencing, as well as the
factors set forth in I.C. § 19-2521. In sentencing Sivak, the district court concluded that Sivak’s
trial testimony and allocution were not credible. The district court concluded that Sivak’s crime

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was unprovoked by the victim and that Sivak lacked remorse in this case, had never been a law-
abiding citizen, and society needed to be protected from him.
Sivak argues that the district court did not consider certain mitigating factors at
sentencing. Specifically, Sivak asserts that the district court did not consider his youthfulness at
the time of the crime, his potential for rehabilitation, his continued health problems, the abuse he
suffered as a child, the role that alcohol and drugs play in his life and underlying crime, and the
continued support from his family and friends. It appears from the record, however, that the
district court did consider all of these factors in sentencing Sivak. Given Sivak’s record of law
violations, the egregiousness of the crime and the lack potential for rehabilitation as found by the
district court, we cannot say that the district court abused its sentencing discretion.
Next, we review whether the district court erred in denying Sivak’s Rule 35 motion. A
motion for reduction of sentence under I.C.R. 35 is essentially a plea for leniency, addressed to
the sound discretion of the court. State v. Knighton, 143 Idaho 318, 319, 144 P.3d 23, 24 (2006);
State v. Allbee, 115 Idaho 845, 846, 771 P.2d 66, 67 (Ct. App. 1989). In presenting a Rule 35
motion, the defendant must show that the sentence is excessive in light of new or additional
information subsequently provided to the district court in support of the motion. State v.
Huffman, 144 Idaho 201, 203, 159 P.3d 838, 840 (2007). In conducting our review of the grant
or denial of a Rule 35 motion, we consider the entire record and apply the same criteria used for
determining the reasonableness of the original sentence. State v. Forde, 113 Idaho 21, 22, 740
P.2d 63, 64 (Ct. App. 1987); Lopez, 106 Idaho at 449-51, 680 P.2d at 871-73. Upon review of
the record, we conclude no abuse of discretion has been shown.
Therefore, Sivak’s judgment of conviction and determinate life sentence, and the district
court’s order denying Sivak’s Rule 35 motion, are affirmed.

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