Michael Browne v. Christopher Roth and Debra Roth

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 21-1764
Filed December 7, 2022

MICHAEL BROWNE,
Plaintiff-Appellant,

vs.

CHRISTOPHER ROTH and DEBRA ROTH,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Black Hawk County, Bradley J.

Harris, Judge.

Michael Browne appeals the district court’s rejection of his statutory and

breach-of-contract claims against Christopher and Debra Roth for failure to

disclose material defects in their written disclosure statement. AFFIRMED.

Adam J. Babinat of Redfern, Mason, Larsen & Moore, P.L.C., Cedar Falls,

for appellant.

Patrick C. Galles of Correll, Sheerer, Benson, Engels, Galles & Demro,

P.L.C., Cedar Falls, for appellees.

Considered by Vaitheswaran, P.J., and Greer and Schumacher, JJ.
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VAITHESWARAN, Presiding Judge.

Michael Browne bought a Cedar Falls home from Christopher and Debra

Roth, with the intent to “gut” and remodel it before moving in. While he was

stripping the basement walls, he discovered mold and moisture. Browne stopped

his demolition work and never moved into the home.

Browne sued the Roths for failure to “disclose any problems concerning

water seepage . . . [and] any known fungus or mold issues.”1 He claimed the Roths

breached statutory disclosure requirements as well as the real estate purchase

contract incorporating those requirements.2

A few months after suit was filed, a basement pipe burst. Browne

discovered the pipe on “one of [his] checkups.” Water was “[s]praying against the

drywall” and running to the floor. Browne did “not know” how long the water had

been running before he discovered it.

Years passed. The home remained unoccupied from the time of purchase

in mid-2016 through trial five years later. Following trial, the district court ruled in

favor of the Roths. In response to a posttrial motion, the court enlarged its findings

and reaffirmed its conclusions.

On appeal, Browne contends “the Roths had actual knowledge of a mold

and moisture problem,” they “failed to disclose anything which would have

informed [him] further investigation was warranted,” and “[t]he district court erred

by concluding the Roths did not violate their [statutory] disclosure duty” and by

1Browne alleged other nondisclosures that are not at issue on appeal.
2Brown additionally raised negligent and fraudulent-misrepresentation claims that
he voluntarily dismissed with prejudice.
3

rejecting his contract claim. He concedes the breach-of-contract claim rises or

falls on the outcome of the statutory claim. Accordingly, we will confine our

discussion to the statutory claim.

Iowa Code chapter 558A (2021) requires a prospective seller to “deliver a

written disclosure statement to” a prospective buyer. The statement must “include

information relating to the condition and important characteristics of the property

. . . including significant defects in the structural integrity.” Iowa Code

§§ 558A.2(1), 558A.4(1)(a); Iowa Admin. Code r. 193E—14.1(6) (sample

statement); Putman v. Walther, 973 N.W.2d 857, 863 (Iowa 2022). A person who

violates the disclosure requirement is ordinarily liable for actual damages, but

“shall not be liable . . . for the error, inaccuracy, or omission in information . . .

unless that person has actual knowledge of the inaccuracy, or fails to exercise

ordinary care in obtaining the information.” Iowa Code § 558A.6(1).

We begin with the Roths’ information on water seepage. The district court

found that the Roths saw waviness in “the beadboard located in the northeast and

southeast corner of the basement.” They “removed the beadboard, and the

wallboard behind the beadboard was damp.” They removed the wallboard and

observed black mold on the wallboard, flooring strips, and the concrete block

foundation wall.” They “cleaned up the mold, caulked, replaced a piece of

wallboard in each corner with mold-resistant sheetrock, and returned the

beadboard to its original position.” The Roths do not dispute these findings. The

findings are supported by substantial evidence. See Hammes v. JCLB Props.,

LLC, 764 N.W.2d 552, 555 (Iowa Ct. App. 2008) (setting forth standard of review).
4

We turn to whether the Roths disclosed the information to Browne. The

answer is unequivocally “No.” They checked “No” to the question about “[a]ny

known water, seepage or other problems”; “No” to the question about “[a]ny known

fungus or mold”; “No” to the question about “[a]ny known modifications,

remodeling, alterations, or repairs, etc., made without necessary permits or

licensed contractors”; and “No” to the question about “[a]ny known physical

problems.” When they completed the form, they had actual knowledge of seepage

and mold in the basement. Again, the Roths conceded as much. Because

disclosure of the seepage, mold and remedial measures was statutorily required,

the Roths violated the statute by failing to make the disclosures. See Yeboah v.

Emans, No. 12-0900, 2011 WL 1453231, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 10, 2013).3 We

are left with the question of actual damages for the mold and water seepage.

The district court found “the mold problem in the basement of the residence

had resolved at no cost to” Browne and “[t]his had occurred despite standing water

being present on the floor of the basement for several years due to an unrelated

bursting of a water pipe.” The court concluded Browne “failed to prove any

damages to remedy the undisclosed mold problem in the basement of the

residence.”

Substantial evidence supports the court’s underlying findings. Browne

testified, “The mold is gone.” When pressed with the question, “There is no mold

3 The district court found the Roths “thought they had taken care of the problem.”
The court of appeals was unpersuaded by a similar argument. See Yeboah, 2011
WL 1453231, at *3 (noting a “sunroom leak was a known problem that was
repaired” and “[t]he sellers had an obligation to disclose the leak and the repair,
notwithstanding their belief that the issue was resolved”).
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there anymore?” he responded, “The last time I was there, no. There was no

mold.” And when asked, “The mold is not an issue?” He responded, “No, sir.”

Seeking reconfirmation of this point, Browne’s attorney inquired, “Are you asking

the court for any damages related to any mold remediation you would have had to

undertake?” Browne answered, “No sir.” In light of his testimony, the district court

did not err in concluding no actual damages were warranted on the statutory claim

related to nondisclosure of mold.

We turn to Browne’s requested damages for “water seepage repair.” In its

expanded posttrial findings, the district court found the “condensation problem”

observed by the Roths “would be alleviated by the construction of energy walls.”

Because the City required these walls in connection with Browne’s remodeling of

the basement, the court determined Browne “incurred no additional costs as a

result of [the Roths’] failure to disclose the moisture problem.”

We discern a more fundamental problem with Browne’s request for water-

seepage damages—the Roths’ lack of actual knowledge of widespread water

seepage.4 The district court credited the Roths’ testimony concerning their

knowledge of this seepage, finding (1) “[a]t no time did [they] notice water on the

floor in the basement or was the basement carpet wet” and (2) the Roths “noticed

4 The Roths point to their lack of knowledge and also argue the damages were not
proximately caused by their nondisclosure. See Putman, 973 N.W.2d at 865
(evaluating a summary judgment record on a chapter 558A claim for “damages
proximately caused by the misrepresentation”); Hammes, 764 N.W.2d at 558–59
(remanding for adjustment of a damage award under chapter 558A by “deducting
an appropriate amount for the southern portion of the basement deconstruction
and remodeling necessitated by the sewer back-ups and not caused by the
undisclosed water problem”). We find it unnecessary to address the causation
issue.
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no additional moisture problems in the basement.” Substantial evidence supports

the court’s findings.

Christopher Roth agreed he saw some discoloration on the wall but said the

wall “was never wet or wet to the touch” and there was never any seepage problem

in the house. Roth also saw no water on the basement floor. His testimony was

consistent with Browne’s testimony on this point. As Browne concedes on appeal,

his home inspector did not detect water seepage and he “only learned of the mold

and moisture issues . . . after he removed the drywall.”

As for Browne’s expert, he testified certain discoloration was indicative of

“seepage through the basement walls,” but his testimony was based on pictures

taken in 2019, not 2016 when the house was sold. Significantly, he said he would

expect to see water on the floor if there were seepage. In his words, water

seepage “doesn’t have anywhere else to go other than the floor—joint of the floor

or out to the floor itself.” While Browne’s attorney attempted to rehabilitate him,

his concession bolstered Roth’s and Browne’s testimony concerning the absence

of water on the floor.

The district court was free to weigh the testimony and assign credibility as

it saw fit. See Poller v. Okoboji Classic Cars, LLC, 960 N.W.2d 496, 519 n.3 (Iowa

2021) (deferring to district court’s credibility findings in a contract case); Tim O’Neill

Chevrolet, Inc. v. Forristall, 551 N.W.2d 611, 614 (Iowa 1996) (“The trier of fact . . .

has the prerogative to determine which evidence is entitled to belief. The district

court has a better opportunity than we do to evaluate the credibility of the

witnesses. So we think factual disputes . . . are best resolved by the district

court.”). The court did just that in finding the Roths lacked actual knowledge of the
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water seepage beyond the identified corners. Without actual knowledge, the Roths

could not be liable for actual damages. Accordingly, the district court did not err in

declining to award water seepage damages.

Having concluded the district court did not err in dismissing the statutory

claim, we further conclude the court did not err in dismissing the breach-of-contract

claim.

Browne seeks appellate attorney fees. He notes that “the real estate

purchase agreement provides for the recovery of . . . attorneys’ fees in the event

of a breach.” That type of language in a purchase agreement will not support an

award of attorney fees for a chapter 558A violation unless the agreement required

the sellers to make the statutory disclosures. See Hovden v. Lemke, No. 19-0399,

2020 WL 2988531, at *4 (Iowa Ct. App. June 3, 2020) (noting the purchase

agreement made “no provisions for attorney fees relating to chapter 558A or

nondisclosures,” precluding an award of attorney fees); Payton v. Digiacomo,

No. 14-1453, 2015 WL 5285740, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 10, 2015) (concluding

a checkmark indicating the attachment of a disclosure form to the purchase

agreement was insufficient to incorporate “any term relating to the requirements of

chapter 558A,” precluding recovery of attorney fees); cf. Johnson v. Baum,

No. 09-1340, 2010 WL 2757192, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. July 14, 2010) (concluding

language in the purchase agreement specifying a “legal duty to disclose [m]aterial

[d]efects” incorporated the requirements of chapter 558A and was sufficient to

trigger the attorney-fee provision).

This case is more like Hovden and Payton than Johnson. The purchase

agreement contains a check box to indicate whether the Chapter 558A disclosure
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statement is attached and does not otherwise contain any language incorporating

those disclosure duties into the contract. The remedies provision of the contract

authorizes attorney fees for failure to “timely fulfill the terms of this agreement.”

Because the terms do not include the chapter 558 disclosures except by a check-

box reference to the addendum, we conclude Browne was not authorized to obtain

attorney fees even if he prevailed.

AFFIRMED.