Chanel, Inc. v. The Individuals, Business Entities, and Unincorporated Associations

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
CASE NO. 1:25-21364-CIV-MARTINEZ
CHANEL, INC.,
Plaintiff,
v.
THE INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS ENTITIES,
AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS
IDENTIFIED ON SCHEDULE “A,”
Defendants.
__________________________________/
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION ON PLAINTIFF’S
MOTION FOR ENTRY OF PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Preliminary Injunction.
ECF No. 26.1 Plaintiff seeks the entry of a preliminary injunction, including the entry of an order
restraining assets, against Defendants HAAOY, WINHI, Yiquanzhi, TwoTowers, Qualis Bona,
and ALYSHEV (collectively, “Defendants”),2 based on alleged trademark infringement, pursuant
to 15 U.S.C. § 1116, Fed. R. Civ. P. 65, the All Writs Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), and the Court’s
inherent authority. See ECF No. 26 at 1.
The Court held a hearing on November 17, 2025, at which only counsel for Plaintiff was
present and available to provide evidence supporting Plaintiff’s motion. 	Defendants have not
responded to Plaintiff’s motion, have not made any filings in this case, and have not appeared in
this matter, either individually or through counsel. 	Having reviewed Plaintiff’s motion, the
1 The Honorable Jose E. Martinez referred Plaintiff’s Motion for Preliminary Injunction to the
undersigned. ECF No. 28.
2 	The 	Defendants 	are 	referred 	to 	in 	the Amended 	Complaint 	as 	the 	Partnerships 	and
Unincorporated Associations Identified on Schedule A. 	ECF No. 21. 	In light of Plaintiff’s
voluntary dismissal of one of the original defendants, “fairgreat,” see ECF Nos. 22, 29, an updated
version of Schedule A is attached hereto, and can also be found on the court docket, including at
ECF No. 26 at 18.
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pertinent portions of the record, the relevant legal authorities, and for the reasons discussed below,
the undersigned RESPECTFULLY RECOMMENDS that Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of
Preliminary Injunction, ECF No. 26, be GRANTED.
I. 	FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff is the owner of the federally registered trademarks (the “Chanel Trademarks”)
identified in Paragraph 4 of the Declaration of Elizabeth Han. ECF No. 14-1 at ¶ 4; see also ECF
No. 21-1. 	The Chanel Trademarks are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark
Office, see ECF No. 14-1 at ¶ 4; ECF No. 21-1, and are used in connection with the manufacture,
promotion, distribution, and sale of high-quality goods in the categories identified in the trademark
registrations, including certain perfumes sold by Plaintiff (the “Chanel Perfumes”) that are
identified in Paragraph 6 of the Declaration of Elizabeth Han. See ECF No. 14-1 at ¶¶ 4-6.
Defendants, operating under the e-commerce store names identified on Schedule A (the “E-
Commerce Store Names”) through the Amazon.com third-party e-commerce platform,3 have
advertised, promoted, offered for sale, and sold fragrance products bearing and/or using what
Plaintiff has determined to be counterfeits, infringements, reproductions, and/or colorable
imitations of the Chanel Trademarks (the “Counterfeit Products”). See ECF No. 14-1 at ¶¶ 10, 12-
16; ECF No. 14-4 at ¶ 4.
Plaintiff has submitted sufficient evidence showing that each Defendant has infringed at
least one of the Chanel Trademarks. See ECF No. 14-5; ECF No. 14-2; see also ECF No. 14-4 at
¶¶ 4-5. 	Defendants are not licensed or authorized to use, reproduce, or make counterfeits,
reproductions, and/or colorable imitations of the Chanel Trademarks. See ECF No. 14-1 at ¶¶ 10,
14, 16. 	Plaintiff’s counsel retained AED Investigations, Inc. (“AED”), a licensed private
3 The Amazon e-commerce store number corresponding to the e-commerce store for each
Defendant is also listed on Schedule A under the Amazon E-commerce Store Number heading.
See, e.g., ECF No. 26 at 18.
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investigative firm, to investigate the promotion and sale of the Counterfeit Products by Defendants
and to document the available payment account data for receipt of funds paid to Defendants for
those products. 	See ECF No. 14-1 at ¶ 11; ECF No. 14-3 at ¶ 2; ECF No. 14-4 at ¶ 3. 	AED
accessed each of the e-commerce stores operated under each Defendant’s E-Commerce Store
Name; placed an order from each Defendant for the purchase of one of the Counterfeit Products,
each bearing and/or using counterfeits of at least one of the Chanel Trademarks; and requested that
each product be shipped to the Southern District of Florida. ECF No. 14-4 at ¶ 4. At the conclusion
of 	the 	investigation, 	Plaintiff’s 	representative 	reviewed 	and 	analyzed 	physical 	evidence,
photographs of the evidence received from each Defendant, and detailed web page captures of the
fragrance products offered for sale and purchased via each Defendant’s E-Commerce Store Name
and determined that each of those fragrance products was a non-genuine, unauthorized version of
Plaintiff’s Chanel Perfumes. See ECF No. 14-1 at ¶¶ 12-16; see also ECF No. 14-4 at ¶¶ 4-5; ECF
No. 14-5.
On March 25, 2025, Plaintiff filed a Complaint against Defendants for trademark
counterfeiting and infringement, in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1114 (Count I); false designation of
origin, in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a) (Count II); common law unfair competition (Count III);
and common law trademark infringement (Count IV). 	ECF No. 1. 	On June 20, 2025, Plaintiff
filed an Amended Ex Parte Application for Entry of Temporary Restraining Order and Order
Restraining Transfer of Assets, ECF No. 14, and an Amended Ex Parte Motion for Order
Authorizing Alternate Service of Process on Defendants, ECF No. 15. On October 29, 2025, the
Court entered an Order Authorizing Alternate Service of Process on Defendants, ECF No. 17, and
an Order Granting Plaintiff’s Amended Ex Parte Application for Entry of Temporary Restraining
Order, ECF No. 18. On November 3, 2025, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint asserting the
same four claims against Defendants. ECF No. 21.
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Pursuant to the October 29 Orders, Plaintiff served each Defendant—through Plaintiff’s
designated serving notice website and via email or the onsite contact form or e-commerce
marketplace platform for each Defendant’s e-commerce store—with a copy of the Complaint, the
Amended Complaint, the Order Granting Plaintiff’s Ex Parte Application for Entry of Temporary
Restraining Order, and other filings in this matter. See ECF Nos. 23-1, 24. Plaintiff subsequently
served each Defendant with a copy of Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Preliminary Injunction, see
ECF No. 26 at 19, and the Court’s Order Setting Preliminary Injunction Hearing and Briefing
Schedule, see ECF Nos. 30, 31.
II. 	LEGAL STANDARD
Plaintiff seeks a preliminary injunction pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65. To
obtain a preliminary injunction, Plaintiff must establish “(1) a substantial likelihood of success on
the merits; (2) that irreparable injury will be suffered if the relief is not granted; (3) that the
threatened injury outweighs the harm the relief would inflict on the non-movant; and (4) that the
entry of the relief would serve the public interest.” Schiavo ex. rel. Schindler v. Schiavo, 403 F.3d
1223, 1225-26 (11th Cir. 2005); see also Levi Strauss & Co. v. Sunrise Int’l Trading Inc., 51 F.3d
982, 985 (11th Cir. 1995).
As outlined below, Plaintiff submitted sufficient evidentiary support to warrant enjoining
Defendants from engaging in the alleged infringing activities. See e.g., Louis Vuitton Malletier,
S.A. v. Lin, No. 10-61640-CIV-HUCK, 2010 WL 11550032 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 2010) (granting
preliminary injunction against the defendants who failed to respond or appear in the case after the
plaintiff presented sufficient evidence of infringing activity to support its motion for preliminary
injunction).
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III. 	ANALYSIS
The declarations and exhibits that Plaintiff submitted in support of its motion for
preliminary injunction support the following conclusions of law:
A. Plaintiff has a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of its claims. Plaintiff has
a strong probability of proving at trial that consumers are likely to be confused by
Defendants’ advertisement, promotion, offer for sale, or sale of products bearing and/or
using infringing and counterfeit versions of the Chanel Trademarks, and that the
Counterfeit 	Products 	that 	Defendants 	are 	selling 	and 	promoting 	for 	sale 	are
unauthorized copies of Plaintiff’s authentic Chanel Perfumes that bear and/or use
infringing and counterfeit versions of the Chanel Trademarks.
B. Because of the infringement upon the Chanel Trademarks, Plaintiff is likely to suffer
immediate and irreparable injury if a preliminary injunction is not granted. 	The
following specific facts, as set forth in Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint, the instant
motion, and declarations and exhibits accompanying Plaintiff’s Amended Ex Parte
Application for Entry of Temporary Restraining Order, ECF No. 14, demonstrate that
immediate and irreparable loss, damage, and injury will result to Plaintiff and to
consumers if a preliminary injunction is not issued:
i. 	Defendants 	own, 	operate, 	and/or 	control 	interactive 	e-commerce 	stores
operating under the E-Commerce Store Names which advertise, promote, offer
for sale, and/or sell counterfeit goods to consumers in the United States using
or bearing infringing and/or counterfeit versions of the Chanel Trademarks;
ii. 	There is good cause to believe that more counterfeit and infringing products
using or bearing the Chanel Trademarks will appear in the marketplace; that
consumers are likely to be misled, confused, and/or disappointed by the quality
of these products; and that Plaintiff may suffer loss of sales for its genuine
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products, damage to its reputation, a degradation of the goodwill associated
with the Chanel Trademarks, and an unnatural erosion of the legitimate
marketplace in which it operates.
C. The balance of potential harm to Defendants in restraining their trade in counterfeit and
infringing branded fragrance products through their e-commerce stores and freezing
their ill-gotten profits if a preliminary injunction is issued is far outweighed by the
potential harm to Plaintiff, its reputation, and its goodwill if such relief is not issued.
D. The public interest favors issuance of a preliminary injunction to prevent consumer
confusion and dispel the false impression that Defendants are operating their e-
commerce stores with Plaintiff’s approval and endorsement, as well as to protect
Plaintiff’s legitimate trademark interests and protect the public from being defrauded
by the palming off of counterfeit fragrance products as Plaintiff’s authentic Chanel
Perfumes.
E. 	Under 15 U.S.C. § 1117(a), Plaintiff may be entitled to recover, as an equitable remedy,
the illegal profits gained through Defendants’ distribution and sales of fragrance
products bearing and/or using infringing and/or counterfeit versions of the Chanel
Trademarks. See Reebok Int’l, Ltd. v. Marnatech Enters., Inc., 970 F.2d 552, 559 (9th
Cir. 1992) (“An accounting of profits under § 1117(a) is not synonymous with an award
of monetary damages: ‘[a]n accounting for profits . . . is an equitable remedy subject
to the principles of equity.’” (quoting Fuller Brush Prods. Co. v. Fuller Brush Co., 299
F.2d 772, 777 (7th Cir. 1962)).
F. 	Requesting equitable relief “invokes the district court’s inherent equitable powers to
order preliminary relief, including an asset freeze, in order to assure the availability of
permanent relief.” 	Levi Strauss & Co., 51 F.3d at 987 (citing Federal Trade
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Commission v. United States Oil & Gas Corp., 748 F.2d 1431, 1433-34 (11th Cir.
1984)).
G. In light of the inherently deceptive nature of the counterfeiting business, and the
likelihood that Defendants have violated federal trademark laws, Plaintiff has good
reason to believe Defendants will hide or transfer their ill-gotten assets beyond the
jurisdiction of this Court unless those assets are restrained.
IV. 	CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the undersigned RESPECTFULLY RECOMMENDS that
Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Preliminary Injunction, ECF No. 26, be GRANTED. 	The
undersigned further recommends that the preliminary injunction provide as follows:
1. 	Each Defendant, its officers, directors, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, subsidiaries,
and distributors, and all persons in active concert or participation with them having notice
of this Preliminary Injunction shall be preliminarily enjoined and restrained from:
a. 	Manufacturing, importing, advertising, promoting, offering to sell, selling,
distributing, or transferring any products bearing and/or using the Chanel
Trademarks, or any confusingly similar trademarks, other than those actually
manufactured or distributed by Plaintiff;
b. 	Secreting, 	concealing, 	destroying, 	selling 	off, 	transferring, 	or 	otherwise
disposing of:
i. 	Any products, not manufactured or distributed by the Plaintiff, bearing
and/or 	using 	the 	Chanel 	Trademarks, 	or 	any 	confusingly 	similar
trademarks;
ii. 	Any evidence relating to the manufacture, importation, sale, offer for
sale, distribution, or transfer of any products bearing and/or using the
Chanel Trademarks, or any confusingly trademarks; or
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iii. 	Any assets or other financial accounts subject to this Order, including
inventory assets, in the actual or constructive possession of, or owned,
controlled, or held by, or subject to access by, any Defendant, including,
but not limited to, any assets held by or on behalf of any Defendant;
c. 	Using the Chanel Trademarks or any confusingly similar trademarks, on or in
connection with all e-commerce stores owned and operated, or controlled by
them, including the Internet based e-commerce stores operating under the E-
commerce Store Names;
d. 	Using the Chanel Trademarks, or any confusingly similar trademarks on e-
commerce marketplace platforms, within domain name extensions, metatags or
other markers within website source code, on any webpage (including as the title
of any web page), in any advertising links to other websites, in any search
engines’ databases or cache memory, and in any other form of use of such terms
which is visible to a computer user or serves to direct computer searches to e-
commerce stores registered, owned, or operated by any Defendant, including the
Internet based e-commerce stores operating under the E-commerce Store Names;
and
e. 	Transferring ownership of the Internet based e-commerce stores under their E-
Commerce Store Names.
2. 	Each Defendant shall continue to preserve copies of all computer files relating to the use of
any of the E-commerce Store Names and shall take all steps necessary to retrieve computer
files relating to the use of the E-commerce Store Names that may have been deleted before
the entry of this Preliminary Injunction.
3. 	Upon Plaintiff’s request, any Internet marketplace website operators and/or administrators
who are provided with notice of this Preliminary Injunction, including but not limited to
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Amazon.com, Inc., shall immediately, to the extent not already done, cease facilitating
access during the pendency of this action, from the multiple platforms, which include, inter
alia, a Direct platform, Group platform, Seller Product Management platform, Vendor
Product Management platform, and Brand Registry platform, any and all listings and
associated images of the fragrance products bearing and/or using counterfeits and/or
infringements of the Chanel Trademarks via the e-commerce stores operating under the E-
commerce Store Names, including but not limited to, the listings and associated images
identified by the “parent” and/or “child” Amazon Standard Identification Numbers
(“ASIN”) on Schedule “A” hereto, and any other listings and images of products bearing
and/or using counterfeits and/or infringements of the Chanel Trademarks associated with
any “parent” and “child” ASIN linked to the same sellers or linked to any other alias e-
commerce store names being used and/or controlled by Defendants to offer for sale products
bearing and/or using counterfeits and/or infringements of the Chanel Trademarks.
4. 	Upon Plaintiff’s request, any Internet marketplace website operators and/or administrators
who are provided with notice of this Preliminary Injunction, including but not limited to
Amazon.com, Inc., shall immediately, to the extent not already done, cease fulfillment of
and sequester Defendants’ inventory assets corresponding to the ASINs identified on
Schedule “A” hereto in its inventory, possession, custody, or control, and hold such goods
in trust for the Court during the pendency of this action.
5. 	Upon Plaintiff’s request, Defendants and the authorized representative, officer, managing
operators 	and/or 	administrators 	for 	any 	Internet 	marketplace 	website, 	including
Amazon.com, Inc., e-commerce shipping partner, fulfillment center, warehouse, and/or
storage facility who are provided with notice of this Preliminary Injunction, shall
immediately, to the extent not already done, cease fulfillment of and sequester all goods of
each Defendant bearing one or more of the Chanel Trademarks in its inventory, possession,
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custody, or control, and hold such goods in trust for the Court during the pendency of this
action, together with any and all documents, information, paper and/or electronic data,
and/or other tangible items pertaining to all services provided to or on behalf of each
Defendant.
6. 	Upon receiving notice of this Preliminary Injunction, any Internet marketplace website
operators and/or administrators shall, at Plaintiff’s request and to the extent not already
done, delete and remove any Counterfeit Products from all E-Commerce Store Names
owned and/or operated by Defendants.
7. 	Upon receiving notice of this Preliminary Injunction, Defendants and all financial
institutions, 	payment 	processors, 	banks, 	escrow 	services, 	money 	transmitters, 	or
marketplace platforms shall, to the extent not already done:
a. 	Identify all financial accounts and/or sub-accounts associated with the Internet
based e-commerce stores operating under the E-Commerce Store Names, e-
commerce store numbers, and/or infringing ASINs identified on Schedule A
hereto, as well as any other related accounts of the same customer(s);
b. 	Identify all other accounts which transfer funds into the same financial institution
account(s), and/or any of the other financial accounts subject to this Order;
c. 	Restrain the transfer of all funds, as opposed to ongoing account activity, held or
received for their benefit or to be transferred into their respective financial
accounts, and any other financial accounts tied thereto;
d. 	Divert those restrained funds to a holding account for the trust of the Court; and
e. 	Provide Plaintiff’s counsel with all data that details (i) an accounting of the total
funds restrained and identify the financial account(s) and sub-account(s) which
the restrained funds are related to, and (ii) the account transactions related to all
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funds transmitted into the financial account(s) and sub-account(s) which have
been restrained.
8. 	Such restraining of the funds and the disclosure of the related financial institution account
information shall be made without notice to the account owners or the financial institutions
until after those accounts are restrained. No funds restrained by this Preliminary Injunction
shall be transferred or surrendered by any financial institution, payment processor, bank,
escrow service, money transmitter, or marketplace website for any purpose (other than
pursuant to a purchase refund chargeback made by a consumer) without the express
authorization of this Court.
9. 	This Preliminary Injunction shall apply to the E-Commerce Store Names, associated e-
commerce stores, and financial accounts, and any other e-commerce store names, or
financial accounts which are being used by Defendants for the purpose of counterfeiting the
Chanel Trademarks at issue in this action and/or unfairly competing with Plaintiff.
10. Any Defendant or financial institution account holder subject to this Order may petition the
Court to modify the asset restraint set out in this Order.
11. Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1116(d)(5)(D) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(c), Plaintiff
shall maintain its previously posted bond in the amount of Ten Thousand Dollars and Zero
Cents ($10,000.00), to pay for any damages to which Defendants may be entitled for a
wrongful injunction or restrain, during the pendency of this action, or until further Order of
the Court. 	In the Court’s discretion, the bond may be subject to increase should an
application be made in the interest of justice.
12. Additionally, for the purpose of providing additional notice of this proceeding, and all other
pleadings, orders, and documents filed herein, the owners, operators and/or administrators
of the ecommerce stores, and/or financial institutions, payment processors, banks, escrow
services, money transmitters, and marketplace platforms, shall, at Plaintiff’s request and to
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the extent not already done, provide Plaintiff’s counsel with any email address known to be
associated with Defendants’ respective E-Commerce Store Names.
13. This Preliminary Injunction shall remain in effect during the pendency of this action or until
such further date set by the Court.
14. This Preliminary Injunction shall no longer apply to any Defendants or associated e-
commerce store name dismissed from this action or as to which Plaintiff has withdrawn its
request for a preliminary injunction.
______________________________________________
Pursuant to Local Magistrate Rule 4(b), the Court finds good cause to EXPEDITE the
period to serve and file written objections to this Report and Recommendation, if any, with the
Honorable Jose E. Martinez, United States District Judge. Accordingly, the parties shall have until
5:00 p.m. on Monday, November 24, 2025 to file and serve any written objections to this Report
and Recommendation. Failing to file timely objections will bar a de novo determination by the
District Judge of any issue addressed in the Report and Recommendation, will constitute a waiver
of a party’s “right to challenge on appeal the district court’s order based on unobjected-to factual
and legal conclusions,” and will only allow appellate review of the district court order “for plain
error if necessary in the interests of justice.” 11th Cir. R. 3-1; 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Thomas v.
Arn, 474 U.S. 140 (1985); Henley v. Johnson, 885 F.2d 790, 794 (11th Cir. 1989); see also
Harrigan v. Metro-Dade Police Dep’t Station #4, 977 F.3d 1185, 1191-92 (11th Cir. 2020).
RESPECTFULLY RECOMMENDED in Chambers in Miami, Florida, on this 19th day
of November 2025.
___________________________________
EDUARDO I. SANCHEZ
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
cc: 	Hon. Jose E. Martinez
Counsel of Record
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SCHEDULE A
Defendant
Number
Defendant /
E-Commerce Store Name
Amazon E-Commerce
Store Number
Infringing Product
ASIN4
1 	HAOOY 	A3FWPZM6G0SNP 	B00K0GISDU
2 	WINHI 	A2N1L2DZ5UG16J 	B076NW69VV
3 	DISMISSED
4 	Yiquanzhi 	A2163N25B515SN 	B00BEG7IY0
5 	TwoTowers 	AUORXYKY7VYWQ 	9790799829
6 	Qualis Bona 	A2YPK50QUCE9PQ 	B0D36519FH
7 	ALYSHEV 	A2PT6R43XZ00WI 	B0D6NQVWV3
4 The ASIN is a unique 10-digit alphanumeric identifier Amazon assigns to each product. Sellers
can create a variational relationship between products with regard to name, size/count, color, style,
scent, etc. 	See ECF No. 26 at 18 n.15. 	When doing so, the ASIN identified in the Product
Information/ Description segments represents the core product and a different ASIN may be
assigned based on variations thereof, as identified in the URLs. 	Id. 	The ASIN for the various
fragrance products bearing the Chanel Trademarks were obtained from the Product Information/
Description segments of the infringing products, which are also found in the URLs of the infringing
products, all of which are identified on Schedule A. See id.
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