Jones v. Griffin et al

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
FORT SMITH DIVISION
AIDEN JONES 	PLAINTIFF
V. 	CASE NO. 2:25-CV-2015
TIM GRIFFIN and
STEVEN HIGGINS 	DEFENDANTS
ORDER
Before the Court is the Report and Recommendation (“R&R”) (Doc. 47) filed in this
case on December 3, 2025, by the Honorable Mark E. Ford, United States Magistrate
Judge for the Western District of Arkansas, as well as Plaintiff Aiden Jones’s Motion for
Leave to Amend (Doc. 50).
Mr. Jones proceeds pro se in this case. He filed an original Complaint (Doc. 1)
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 19, 2025, along with a Motion for Leave to Proceed
In Forma Pauperis (Doc. 2). 	Defendants moved to dismiss (Doc. 28) and Mr. Jones
moved for a temporary injunction (Doc. 40). Both motions were briefed in full and referred
to the Honorable Mark Ford for purposes of making a Report and Recommendation
(“R&R”). 	(Doc. 47). 	Neither party lodged objections and the time to file objections has
now passed. On December 23, 2025, Mr. Jones moved for leave to amend his complaint
to 	cure 	pleading 	deficiencies 	identified 	in 	the 	R&R. 	(Doc. 	50). 	The 	proposed
amendments include factual allegations clarifying his future intent to engage in protected
speech to address the R&R’s conclusion that Mr. Jones lacked standing to bring his claim,
and amendments to the named Defendants, as neither have the authority to enforce the
statute he challenges, Arkansas Code § 5-71-217.
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In general, leave to amend should be freely given “when justice so requires,” Fed.
R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2); however, the Court in its discretion, may deny leave if the proposed
amendment will cause the opposing party undue prejudice or constitute an exercise in
futility, see Anderson v. Bank of the West, 23 F.4th 1056, 1060 (8th Cir. 2022).
Although Mr. Jones’s amended complaint does address the deficiencies the R&R
identified, leave to amend would nonetheless be futile because Mr. Jones’s claims are
Heck barred. As Mr. Jones’s original complaint contends, “this case is . . . directly linked
to” a state court case in which he is subject to a revocation judgment. See Doc. 1, p. 6.
At the time the complaint was filed, he alleged he had “been sitting [in jail] for nine
months.” Id. at 5. Although the cyberbullying charge against Mr. Jones under Arkansas
Code § 5-71-217 was eventually dismissed (Case No. CKC-24-172), the dismissal was
in exchange for Mr. Jones’s admissions at a revocation proceeding to the same factual
conduct that would have supported the cyberbullying charge. See Doc. 29-1, 16:10–24
(admitting to conduct in second amended revocation petition); Doc. 51-1 (second
amended revocation petition, including cyberbullying/harassment conduct).
Mr. Jones now argues in this lawsuit that the state unlawfully prosecuted him for
the conduct that he admitted to in the revocation proceeding. He brings both facial and
as-applied challenges to Arkansas Code § 5-71-217. Whether Mr. Jones may bring his
claim is an admittedly difficult question under Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477 (1994).
Under Heck, if his claims imply the invalidity of his conviction and he has not shown (and
did not at the time of filing show) that his conviction was reversed or set aside, dismissal
is appropriate even if Mr. Jones amends his complaint. 	See Id. at 486–87 (“a § 1983
plaintiff must prove that the conviction or sentence has been reversed on direct appeal,
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expunged by executive order, declared invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such
determination, or called into question by a federal court’s issuance of a writ of habeas
corpus” before they have a cognizable claim under § 1983). But there are a few wrinkles
in Mr. Jones’s case. 	Here, he admitted to the conduct that led to the revocation of his
probation, but he now argues that his prosecution for that conduct violated the First
Amendment. 	There is a question, then, whether Mr. Jones’s challenge “necessarily
implies” the invalidity of his conviction. Further, Heck involved a suit for damages (here,
Mr. Jones seeks declaratory and injunctive relief), and did not involve a revocation
proceeding. The Court takes each in turn.
A careful reading of Heck demonstrates that the case is not limited to only those
cases where a defendant challenges the lawfulness of a statute underlying a conviction;
rather, Heck applies to all federal claims under § 1983 “bearing that relationship [where
the challenge is to an allegedly unconstitutional conviction or imprisonment, or for other
harm caused by actions whose unlawfulness would render a conviction or sentence
invalid] to a conviction or sentence that has not been so invalidated,” no matter the
mechanism of attack or statute of conviction. 	Id. at 477; see also Edwards v. Balisok,
520 U.S. 641, 648 (1997) (Heck applies even if a claim seeks damages only “for using
the wrong procedure” not just to those “reaching the wrong result”). Further, Heck itself
was a malicious prosecution claim—Mr. Heck was not challenging his conviction for
voluntary manslaughter as unconstitutional. 	Nonetheless, Heck barred the collateral
attack on his conviction. 	Here, were Mr. Jones to be successful, it would necessarily
disturb the basis for his revocation.
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Further, while the Eighth Circuit has apparently not had occasion to address the
issue, several courts have extended Heck to bar collateral attacks on a revocation
judgment. See Crow. V. Penry, 102 F.3d 1086 (10th Cir. 1086) (applying Heck to bar §
1983 claim where challenge would imply the invalidity of plaintiff’s parole revocation);
Jackson v. Vannoy, 49 F.3d 175 (5th Cir. 1995) (holding Heck applies to revocation
proceedings); Butterfield v. Bail, 120 F.3d 1023 (9th Cir. 1997) (same). 	Last, while it is
questionable whether Heck applies to suits seeking purely prospective injunctive relief,
its bar has been extended to suits seeking declaratory relief, and naturally so—a
declaratory judgment that suggests that the procedures leading to the revocation
judgment here were invalid would necessarily imply that the judgment was invalid too.
See Edwards v. Balisok, 520 U.S. 641 (1997).
Finally, Mr. Jones himself suggests he is challenging the validity of the admissions
underlying his revocation judgment. 	See Doc. 1, p. 6 (“[T]he evidence vehemently
suggests it’s a 1st amendment prosecution . . . [t]he State attempts to cloak the foundation
of the charge in its revocation petition by stating plaintiff committed the offense toward his
ex-girlfriend . . . but instead lists he committed harassing communications to the actual
alleged victims.”). 	Allowing Mr. Jones’s claim to proceed would amount to, as he
suggests, a collateral attack on the revocation judgment against him. Amendment would
thus be futile.
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IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the R&R is ADOPTED IN ITS ENTIRETY,
Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 28) is GRANTED, and the Motion for Leave to
Amend (Doc. 50) is DENIED. The case is DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE.
IT IS SO ORDERED on this 9 th day of March, 2026.
____________________________________
TIMOTHY L. BROOKS
CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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