Doneyda Perez, as an individual and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. DIRECTV, LLC, a Delaware Corporation

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DONEYDA PEREZ, as an individual and on
behalf of all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
DIRECTV, LLC, a Delaware Corporation,
Defendant-Appellant,
and
LONSTEIN LAW OFFICES, P.C., a New
York Professional Corporation; et al.,
Defendants.
No. 17-55764
D.C. No.
8:16-cv-01440-JLS-DFM
MEMORANDUM*
DONEYDA PEREZ, as an individual and on
behalf of all others similarly situated,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
DIRECTV, LLC, a Delaware Corporation,
Defendant,
No. 17-55775
D.C. No.
8:16-cv-01440-JLS-DFM
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
FILED
OCT 19 2018
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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and
LONSTEIN LAW OFFICES, P.C., a New
York Professional Corporation and JULIE
COHEN LONSTEIN,
Defendants-Appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Josephine L. Staton, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 11, 2018
Pasadena, California
Before: WATFORD and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and PRESNELL,** District
Judge.
DirecTV appeals from the district court’s order denying DirecTV’s motion
to compel arbitration. We review de novo the district court’s determinations about
the arbitrability of claims. Tompkins v. 23andMe, Inc., 840 F.3d 1016, 1021 (9th
Cir. 2016). We review the underlying factual findings for clear error and the
interpretation of contract provisions de novo. Id. As the parties are familiar with
the facts, we do not recount them here. We affirm.
Assuming without deciding that the parties entered into a valid contract, the
district court did not err in holding that Appellee Doneyda Perez’s claims are
outside the scope of the arbitration agreement. Section 9(d)(ii) of DirecTV’s
** The Honorable Gregory A. Presnell, United States District Judge for
the Middle District of Florida, sitting by designation.

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Customer Agreement exempts from the arbitration agreement “any dispute
involving a violation of the Communications Act of 1934 . . . or any statement or
law governing theft of service.” Both of these exemptions unambiguously cover
Perez’s claims. First, Perez’s claims involve a violation of the Communications
Act because her complaint expressly alleges that part of DirecTV’s scheme against
small minority-owned businesses involved threatening customers with lawsuits for
violating the Communications Act. Second, Perez’s claims involve statements or
law governing theft of service because her complaint alleges that DirecTV accused
her of theft of satellite cable television services and pressured her into a settlement.
Because we conclude that Perez’s claims are outside the scope of the
arbitration agreement, we do not reach the issues of whether sections 1(h) and 9(d)
of the Customer Agreement are unconscionable, or whether the Lonstein
Appellants may enforce DirecTV’s arbitration agreement against Perez.
AFFIRMED.

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Perez v. DirecTV, LLC, Nos. 17-55764, 17-55775
WATFORD, Circuit Judge, dissenting:
I dissent, but I do so with great reluctance. The conduct DirecTV is accused
of engaging in here is deplorable. According to the allegations in Ms. Perez’s
complaint, a DirecTV salesman walked into her beauty salon and offered her a
great promotional deal if she signed up for DirecTV service for her business. The
salesman persuaded her to have the service hooked up that same day, and he could
see that the programming would be shown in Ms. Perez’s beauty salon, viewable
by her customers. But unbeknownst to Ms. Perez, DirecTV classified her account
as a residential account. Under the terms of service for a residential account,
DirecTV programming may not be shown in commercial establishments, such as
Ms. Perez’s beauty salon.
For nearly two years, Ms. Perez remained a customer of DirecTV. During
that time, DirecTV never indicated that she might be misusing its services. The
first time Ms. Perez learned that there might be a problem was when she received a
call from DirecTV’s lawyer. The lawyer accused her of violating DirecTV’s terms
of service and the federal Communications Act by displaying DirecTV
programming in her beauty salon without authorization. The lawyer declared that
Ms. Perez owed DirecTV $75,000 in penalties and threatened to sue her in federal
court if she refused to pay. After a month of increasingly harassing calls, the
FILED
OCT 19 2018
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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Page 2 of 3
lawyer offered to settle the matter with Ms. Perez if she agreed to pay $5,000.
Fearing the prospect of a federal lawsuit, and without the benefit of legal counsel
of her own, Ms. Perez accepted the settlement offer.
When Ms. Perez decided to file this class-action lawsuit to seek redress for
this extortionate behavior, DirecTV invoked the arbitration provision in its
customer agreement to keep the dispute out of court. Conveniently, DirecTV’s
arbitration provision includes an exception that leaves the company free to sue Ms.
Perez in court for any “theft of service” claims it might have against her. But it
requires Ms. Perez to arbitrate on an individual basis virtually any claim she might
have against DirecTV. As DirecTV well knows, precluding customers like Ms.
Perez from pursuing relief on a class-wide basis means that few will seek redress
for the kind of wrongdoing alleged here. It’s simply too expensive for an
individual consumer to hire a lawyer in such a dispute, even when the dispute will
be resolved through the streamlined process of arbitration.
This heads-I-win, tails-you-lose arbitration regime strikes me as the height
of unfairness. I nonetheless feel compelled to dissent because, in my view, current
law allows DirecTV to enforce its arbitration provision against Ms. Perez. First, a
valid arbitration agreement exists in this case. Ms. Perez signed a document
stating in plain terms that she agreed to arbitrate all disputes with DirecTV in
accordance with the terms of the separate customer agreement available on

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DirecTV’s website. See Shaw v. Regents of University of California, 67 Cal. Rptr.
2d 850, 855–56 (Ct. App. 1997). Second, Ms. Perez’s claims are covered by the
arbitration agreement. Although the scope of the exception for any dispute
“involving” a violation of the Communications Act or theft-of-service prohibitions
is ambiguous, and admittedly allows for the broad reading my colleagues have
adopted, ambiguities of this sort must be resolved in favor of arbitration. See
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp., 460 U.S. 1,
24–25 (1983); Erickson v. Aetna Health Plans of California, Inc., 84 Cal. Rptr. 2d
76, 81–84 (Ct. App. 1999). Finally, even though the arbitration provision is
unfairly one-sided—it allows the claims DirecTV is likely to bring against its
customers to be resolved in court, while requiring the claims DirecTV’s customers
are likely to bring against the company to be resolved through arbitration—that
feature does not render the provision invalid. California law dictates that the one-
sided aspect of the provision may be severed, leaving the underlying agreement to
arbitrate enforceable. See Poublon v. C.H. Robinson Co., 846 F.3d 1251, 1272–74
(9th Cir. 2017).
I take no pleasure in voting to reverse the denial of DirecTV’s motion to
compel arbitration. But in my view the confluence of California contract law and
Federal Arbitration Act jurisprudence compels that unfortunate result.

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