Debra Leigh Jacobs v. Brain Power America, Inc.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DEBRA LEIGH JACOBS,
Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
BRAIN POWER AMERICA, INC.,
Respondent-Appellee.
No. 17-15625
D.C. Nos. 2:15-cv-00533-JAD
2:15-cv-00911-JAD
2:15-cv-00912-JAD
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Nevada
Jennifer A. Dorsey, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted October 16, 2018**
San Francisco, California
Before: HAWKINS and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and ROSENTHAL,***
District Judge.
FILED
OCT 18 2018
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Lee H. Rosenthal, Chief United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Texas, sitting by designation.

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Appellant Debra Leigh Jacobs appeals the district court’s order affirming the
bankruptcy court’s denial of her motion to hold creditor Brain Power America, Inc.
and its attorney in contempt for violating a stay and discharge order. We review the
bankruptcy court’s contempt and sanctions decision for an abuse of discretion, In re
Icenhower, 755 F.3d 1130, 1138 (9th Cir. 2014), and we affirm.
To prevail, Jacobs had to establish by clear and convincing evidence not only
that Brain Power actually violated the stay or discharge order but also knew the orders
applied and intended to violate them. See, e.g., In re Zilog, Inc., 450 F.3d 996, 1007
(9th Cir. 2006); Eskanos & Adler, P.C. v. Leetien, 309 F.3d 1210, 1215 (9th Cir.
2002).
The majority of courts to address this issue have held that merely renewing an
existing judgment lien does not “create, perfect, or enforce” a lien under the
Bankruptcy Code, and it does not violate a stay. See, e.g., In re Morton, 866 F.2d 561,
564 (2d Cir. 1989); In re Silva, 215 B.R. 73 (Bankr. D. Idaho 1997). Even if we were
to accept Jacobs’s argument that renewal of the judgment violates the stay, it would
not establish that Brian Power knew this act would do so.1 That argument would also
fail to establish that Brain Power knew that the stay applied to the lien because Jacobs
1 Whether the renewal of a judgment violates a stay is an open question in the
Ninth Circuit. See In re Spirtos, 221 F.3d 1079, 1081 (9th Cir. 2000).
2

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did not list Brain Power as a creditor in the original bankruptcy proceeding. The
bankruptcy court did not abuse its discretion by denying the motion.
AFFIRMED.
3

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