Michael A. Fazio; Kim M. Fazio v. Washington Mutual Bank, F.a.;

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
MICHAEL A. FAZIO; KIM M. FAZIO,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
WASHINGTON MUTUAL BANK, F.A.; et
al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
No. 14-16336
D.C. No. 2:14-cv-00538-GEB-KJN
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of California
Garland E. Burrell, Jr., District Judge, Presiding
Submitted February 13, 2018**
Before: LEAVY, FERNANDEZ, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.
Michael A. Fazio and Kim M. Fazio appeal pro se from the district court’s
judgment dismissing their action alleging Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(“FDCPA”) and other federal and state law claims. We have jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
FEB 26 2018
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim. Kwan v. SanMedica Int’l, 854 F.3d
1088, 1093 (9th Cir. 2017). We affirm.
The district court properly dismissed the Fazios’ FDCPA claim under 15
U.S.C. § 1692e because the Fazios failed to allege facts sufficient to show that
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was a “debt collector” and the alleged
communications were attempts to collect a “debt” under the FDCPA. See 15
U.S.C. § 1692a(6)(F)(ii) (excluding from definition of “debt collector” a creditor
collecting debts on its own behalf); Ho v. ReconTrust Co., 858 F.3d 568, 572 (9th
Cir. 2017) (“[A]ctions taken to facilitate a non-judicial foreclosure . . . are not
attempts to collect ‘debt’ as that term is defined by the FDCPA.”); Dowers v.
Nationstar Mortg., LLC, 852 F.3d 964, 970 (9th Cir. 2017) (explaining that “while
the FDCPA regulates security interest enforcement activity, it does so only through
Section 1692f(6),” and that “[a]s for the remaining FDCPA provisions, ‘debt
collection’ refers only to the collection of a money debt”).
The district court properly dismiss the Fazios’ FDCPA claim under 15
U.S.C. § 1692f(6) because the Fazios failed to allege facts sufficient to show that
defendants’ conduct was unfair or unconscionable. See 15 U.S.C. § 1692f(6); Ho,
858 F.3d at 573 (§ 1692f(6) protects a consumer only against abusive practices of a
security enforcer); Dowers, 852 F.3d at 971 (discussing protections for borrowers
set forth in § 1692f(6)).

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The district court properly dismissed the Fazios’ Truth in Lending Act claim
under 15 U.S.C. § 1641(g) because this provision was not enacted until 2009, after
the transfer or assignment at issue, and this provision does not apply retroactively.
See Talaie v. Wells Fargo Bank, 808 F.3d 410, 411 (9th Cir. 2015) (holding that
“15 U.S.C. § 1641(g) does not apply retroactively”).
The district court properly dismissed the Fazios’ Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”) claim because the Fazios failed to allege facts
sufficient to show a RICO enterprise or predicate act. See United Brotherhood of
Carpenters v. Building and Construction Trades Dep’t, 770 F.3d 834, 837 (9th Cir.
2014) (setting forth elements of civil RICO claim).
The district court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing the Fazios’
declaratory relief claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 2201; Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S.
277, 289-90 (1995) (standard of review).
The district court properly dismissed the Fazios’ claims against the
defendants who did not move to dismiss the complaint. See Silverton v. Dep’t of
Treasury, 644 F.2d 1341, 1345 (9th Cir. 1981) (“A District Court may properly on
its own motion dismiss an action as to defendants who have not moved to dismiss
where such defendants are in a position similar to that of moving defendants or
where claims against such defendants are integrally related.”).
The district court did not abuse its discretion by taking judicial notice of the

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contents of the Purchase and Assumption Agreement. See Fed. R. Evid. 201(b)(2)
(court may take judicial notice of a fact that is “not subject to reasonable dispute
because it . . . can be accurately and readily determined from sources whose
accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned”); United States v. Woods, 335 F.3d
993, 1000-01 (9th Cir. 2003) (setting forth standard of review); see also Swartz v.
KPMG LLP, 476 F.3d 756, 763 (9th Cir. 2007) (stating that in ruling on a motion
to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the district court may
consider “matters properly subject to judicial notice”).
The district court did not abuse its discretion by denying the Fazios leave to
file an amended complaint because amendment would be futile. See Cervantes v.
Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041 (9th Cir. 2011) (setting forth
standard of review and explaining that dismissal without leave to amend is proper
when amendment would be futile).
We do not consider matters not specifically and distinctly raised and argued
in the opening brief. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).
AFFIRMED.

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