UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ex rel. JAMES SZYMCZAK v. Covenant Healthcare Systems, Inc.

* After an examination of the briefs and the record, we have concluded that
oral argument is unnecessary. Thus, the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the
record. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted December 20, 2006*
Decided December 27, 2006
Before
Hon. FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Chief Judge
Hon. RICHARD A. POSNER, Circuit Judge
Hon. DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge
No. 06-3107
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ex rel. JAMES SZYMCZAK,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
COVENANT HEALTHCARE
SYSTEMS, INC.,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States
District Court for the Eastern District
of Wisconsin
No. 05-C-0553
C. N. Clevert, Jr.,
Judge.
O R D E R
James Szymczak brought this qui tam action against Covenant Healthcare
Systems, Inc., the operator of the hospital and nursing home where his mother was
treated in the summer of 2003. He has previously sued Covenant in state court on
a number of theories, all stemming from his opposition to a petition filed by the
UNPUBLISHED ORDER
Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53

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No. 06-3107 Page 2
hospital for guardianship and protective placement of his mother. In this lawsuit,
Szymczak alleges that Covenant filed fraudulent Medicare claims and received
payment for “unnecessary, unrendered, misrepresented, and unreimbursable
services,” in violation of the False Claims Act (“FCA”), 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-32.
Szymczak filed the lawsuit pro se, and for this and other reasons Covenant moved
to dismiss the complaint. The district court granted the motion based on our
holding in United States ex rel. Lu v. Ou, 368 F.3d 773, 775 (7th Cir. 2004), that a
pro se relator cannot prosecute a qui tam action under the FCA.
The thrust of Szymczak’s argument on appeal is that he “respectfully
disagrees with Lu.” But he does not provide us with a sound reason to revisit our
holding in that case. As we explained, a qui tam relator—even one with a personal
bone to pick with the defendant—sues on behalf of the government and not himself.
He therefore must comply with the general rule prohibiting nonlawyers from
representing other litigants. Id. at 775. And, a rule against pro se plaintiffs
representing the government “operates to filter out frivolous litigation that can
redound to the harm of the represented party.” Id. The cases Szymczak cites for
the proposition that a qui tam relator has Article III standing are inapposite. A
lack of standing is not the impediment to his ability to prosecute this claim.
In its appellate brief Covenant asks us to sanction Szymczak for filing a
frivolous appeal, see Fed. R. App. P. 38, but sanctions may be imposed only after a
separately filed motion or notice from the court and reasonable opportunity to
respond. Id. A statement in a brief is insufficient notice that the court is
contemplating sanctions. Id.; Greviskes v. Univs. Research Ass’n, 417 F.3d 752, 761
(7th Cir. 2005). Sanctions may be appropriate in this case, however. Szymczak is
entitled to make a good-faith argument for a change in the law, but he may not file
a federal lawsuit for purposes of harassment. See McCready v. EBay Inc., 453 F.3d
882, 892 (7th Cir. 2006); United States v. Ins. Consultants of Knox, Inc., 187 F.3d
755, 761-762 (7th Cir. 1999). That he has already sued Covenant multiple times in
state court and filed numerous administrative complaints against Covenant’s
employees and attorneys suggests that may be his purpose here. We order him to
show within 14 days why we should not impose sanctions for filing this appeal.
AFFIRMED.

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