Terry Y. Tolbert v. John E. Potter, in his official capacity as Postmaster General

The Honorable Ann Aldrich, United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, sitting by *
designation.
Age is a protected characteristic under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act rather than under Title VII, 1
and Tolbert did not raise an ADEA claim in her complaint. W e note, however, that the requirements for proving a
disparate treatment claim under the ADEA and Title VII are identical.
Tolbert also brought a state-law claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, although the district court 2
did not address the merits of this claim.
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 06a0794n.06
Filed: October 25, 2006
Case No. 05-2185
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
TERRY Y. TOLBERT,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
JOHN E. POTTER, in his official capacity as
Postmaster General,
Defendant-Appellant.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE EASTERN
DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
BEFORE: KEITH and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges; ALDRICH , District Judge.*
ALICE M. BATCHELDER, Circuit Judge. Plaintiff Terry Y. Tolbert (“Tolbert”) appeals
the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of Defendant United States Postal Service
(“USPS”) on Tolbert’s claims of retaliation, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964;
discrimination on the basis of age, race, and gender, in violation of Title VII; and discrimination on1
the basis of handicap, in violation of the Rehabilitation Act and Americans With Disabilities Act.2

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Tolbert, a black female, was a letter carrier based at the Fenkell station in Detroit for over
30 years. In 1997, after that station implemented major changes in the letter carriers’ routes, she
began having problems completing her route on time. She claims that the measures instituted by her
supervisors in response to her problems, such as requiring her to submit to “fitness for duty”
examinations, observing her on her route, and counting her mail, were not, as the Defendant
maintains, designed to determine the cause of the deficiency, but were discriminatory. Tolbert
claims further that she underwent surgery in September 1997 and submitted a request for temporary
reassignment to light duty that was denied, whereas another letter carrier – a black male – was
granted light duty two months later, and that on one occasion she received a “No Time Off Letter
of Warning” when she failed to call the station timely and failed to timely complete her route.
Finally, Tolbert claims that when she approached one of her supervisors in July 1998 in her capacity
as a union steward in order to have the supervisor sign grievance forms, the supervisor cursed at her,
kicked a chair, ripped a book from a shelf, and otherwise engaged in intimidating actions.
Tolbert filed several grievances with the EEOC relating to these actions, and eventually filed
this lawsuit. She argues that the USPS discriminated against her on the basis of her age, sex, race,
and handicap, and that it retaliated against her for filing prior grievances with the EEOC. The
district court disagreed, granted the USPS’s motion for summary judgment, and denied Tolbert’s
motion for reconsideration. Tolbert timely appealed both orders.
The district court thoroughly reviewed the evidence in the record regarding Tolbert’s claims
of discrimination and retaliation. The court concluded that as to her claim that a supervisor had
intimidated her, Tolbert had failed to establish the essential elements of a prima facie case of
discrimination because she did not show any adverse employment action. As to her other claims,

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the court held, even assuming that Tolbert had established a prima facie case of discrimination, she
failed to provide evidence sufficient to permit a jury to find pretext. Turning to Tolbert’s claims of
retaliation, the district court held that Tolbert had not presented evidence from which a jury could
conclude that the supervisors’ actions such as counting her mails, observing her on her route, and
requiring her to submit to fitness for duty examinations constituted severe or pervasive harassment,
and that she therefore did not establish a prima facie case of retaliation as to those claims. The court
further concluded that Tolbert’s claims that the discrete acts of the USPS, such as denying her light
duty request and issuing a “No Time Off Letter of Warning,” failed because, with regard to the
intimidating conduct of the supervisor she had not shown an adverse employment action, and with
regard to the other discrete acts complained of, she had not presented evidence sufficient to permit
a finding of pretext.
After carefully reviewing the record, the applicable law, and the parties’ briefs (counsel for
both parties having waived oral argument), we are convinced that the district court did not err in its
conclusions that the USPS was entitled to summary judgment. In particular, we find no error in the
district court’s holding that certain of the documentary evidence submitted by Tolbert was
inadmissible hearsay and could not be considered by the court in deciding the summary judgment
motion. We also note that the district court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to grant Tolbert’s
motion for reconsideration because the evidence Tolbert wanted the district court to consider was
available at the time the summary judgment motion was decided, and would not have affected the
outcome even if considered. See Huff v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 675 F.2d 119, 123 (6th Cir. 1982);
Emmons v. McLaughlin, 874 F.2d 351, 358 (6th Cir. 1989) (a district court does not abuse its

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discretion by denying a motion for reconsideration where the party seeking relief from judgment had
the supporting materials at the time the district court made the ruling).
As the district court’s opinion carefully and correctly sets out the law governing the issues
raised, and clearly articulates the reasons underlying its decision, issuance of a full written opinion
by this court would serve no useful purpose. Accordingly, for the reasons stated in the district
court’s opinion, we AFFIRM.

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