United States of America v. Rickey Clark Leppen

* The Honorable S. Arthur Spiegel, United States Senior District Judge for the Southern
District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 06a0450n.06
Filed: June 28, 2006
No. 05-2041
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
RICKEY CLARK LEPPEN,
Defendant-Appellant.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE
WESTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN DIVISION
Before: GRIFFIN and SUHRHEINRICH, Circuit Judges; SPIEGEL, District Judge. *
SPIEGEL, Senior District Judge. Defendant-Appellant appeals his sentence of 140 months,
for Endangering Human Life while Attempting to Manufacture Methamphetamine. For the reasons
indicated herein, the Court AFFIRMS the district court.
This is a tragic criminal case. Appellant was involved in manufacturing methamphetamine
when something went awry causing an explosive fire that killed Appellant’s girlfriend, Dawn Marie
Brown, severely burned Appellant, put Appellant into a coma and a two-month long hospital stay,

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and destroyed a mobile home. Appellant entered a guilty plea to the charge against him, and the
district court imposed a sentence of 140 months, a sentence at the lowest end of the guidelines range.
Appellant brings his appeal under the theory that the sentence imposed was unreasonable and
insufficient reasons were given to permit adequate appellate review. Appellant argues the sentence
he received was unreasonable because 1) although he participated in the manufacturing process of
methamphetamine, his role was secondary to that of his girlfriend, who was actually cooking the
methamphetamine and who died as a result of the explosion; 2) he did not intend for his girlfriend
to die, and she assumed the risk involved in the activity; 3) he was seriously injured; 4) the court
focused on the nationwide problem of methamphetamine rather than the facts of the case before him;
5) his role in the manufacturing process did not cause the explosion; 6) the court noted that two
young children are motherless as a result of this tragedy, Appellant emphasizes that he also suffered
tragedy as he is the father of these children; 7) the court noted that addiction to methamphetamine
is very difficult to break; and 8) the Court noted that Appellant’s placement in Criminal History
Category VI casts doubt on his ability to reform himself, but he was placed in such category for the
commission of a large number of relatively minor offenses.
Appellant argues the sentencing court placed too much reliance on the sentencing
guidelines, without parsing out the specific facts of his case, in contravention of United States v.
Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005). Appellant argues that “excessive deference” to the guidelines
amounts here to an end-run around Booker by making a sentence on the low end of the range
mandatory. Appellant further argues that under United States v. Jackson, 408 F.3d 301 (6th Cir.

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2005), a district court must provide an adequate explanation of its reasons for imposing the sentence,
which in his view was lacking in this case.
The Court does not find Appellant’s argument well-taken. The sentence here, at the lowest
end of the guideline range, was reasonable where Appellant was a career offender involved in
dangerous activity that resulted in the death of his girlfriend. The district court explicitly considered
the guidelines, the statutory factors, and other relevant information in imposing the sentence.
The government argues that a sentence within the advisory guideline range is presumptively
reasonable, that the Court granted a 5k1.1 downward departure despite a “thin substantial assistance
motion,” and that Appellant’s role in the manufacturing was not minor given he arranged for the
place for manufacture and assisted in the process. For these reasons the government argues the
sentence given Appellant was actually not only reasonable, but lenient.
As for Appellant’s argument that the district court failed to adequately explain the reasons
for its sentence, the government cites to the transcript of the sentencing hearing. In such transcript,
the district judge noted that Dawn Marie Brown suffered an excruciating death, two young girls are
motherless, methamphetamine crimes are punished harshly by the guidelines, and Appellant has a
history as both an addict and a dealer.
Having reviewed the sentencing transcript, the Court finds it clear the district court gave
thoughtful consideration to this case and provided reasons for the sentence imposed. Although the
district court could have departed below the guideline range, it provided a reasonable basis for its

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conclusion that a sentence at the low end of the applicable range was appropriate. A refusal to
depart below the guideline range in a particular case does not mean the guidelines somehow become
mandatory. It merely means that after having reviewed the facts of the case, as the court did here,
it concluded that as to the offense in question, this case is not the case where such a departure is
warranted.
Appellant’s reliance on Jackson, 408 F. 3d 301 (6th Cir. 2005), is misplaced. In Jackson, the
government appealed the district court’s decision to depart below the Guideline range while relying
on factors deemed to be prohibited or discouraged by the Guidelines. 408 F.3d at 305. Here, the
district court acknowledged the Guidelines, and simply did not find a variation below the sentencing
range reasonable or necessary. The court explicitly considered the factors listed in 18 U.S.C. §
3553, including the nature and circumstances of the offense, the history of the Appellant, and the
need for the sentence imposed to reflect the seriousness of the offense. Having considered such
factors the Court concluded a sentence within the Guideline range would be appropriate.
As a final matter, the recent decision in United States v. Buchanan, 05-5544, May 26, 2006,
is highly instructive as to the question of the presumptive reasonableness of a guidelines sentence.
The Buchanan majority noted that a trial judge may not give an irrebuttable presumption of
reasonableness to a guidelines sentence, but that a court of appeals could give a properly calculated
guidelines sentence a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness. Buchanan, citing United States v.
Williams, 436 F.3d 706, 708 (6th Cir. 2006). In his concurring opinion, Judge Sutton helpfully noted
that “[A] district court’s job is not to impose a ‘reasonable’ sentence. Rather, a district court’s

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mandate is to impose a ‘sentence sufficient, but not greater than necessary, to comply with the
purposes of section 3553(a). Reasonableness is the appellate standard of review in judging whether
a district court has accomplished its task.” Id. at 9. Judge Sutton further stated, “we ought to return
at some point to what is perhaps the most important presumption in this area-–giving district courts
the benefit of the doubt in reviewing their sentencing determinations.” Id. at 10.
Having reviewed this matter and having heard oral argument, the Court concludes that the
district court imposed a reasonable sentence in this case.
Accordingly, the sentence of the district court is AFFIRMED.

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