00a0211p.06

99-1250Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit29 de jun. de 2000

Abrir fonte

Texto completo

5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV 1R
%HFDXVHZHILQGWKDW5RFNZHOO¶VSHWLWLRQPXVWEHGLVPLVVHG
IRUIDLOXUHWRH[KDXVWZHGRQRWUHDFKWKHPHULWVRIKHUGXH
SURFHVVFODLP:HUHFRJQL]HWKDWRQHFRXOGDUJXHWKDWWKH
UHVXOW KHUH HOHYDWHV IRUP RYHU VXEVWDQFH 2Q UHPDQG WKH
GLVWULFW FRXUW FRXOG VLPSO\ DOORZ 5RFNZHOO WR GLVPLVV DQG
DEDQGRQ KHU XQH[KDXVWHG FODLP DQG WKHQ UHHQWHU WKH YHU\
MXGJPHQWWKDWLVQRZEHIRUHXV,WLV$('3$KRZHYHUWKDW
PDQGDWHVRXUGHFLVLRQQRWWKHZKLPVRIWKLVSDQHO
$OWKRXJK WKLV RXWFRPH LV DGPLWWHGO\ LQHIILFLHQW LQ WKH
SUHVHQWFDVHZHEHOLHYHWKDWUHTXLULQJWKHGLVPLVVDORIPL[HG
SHWLWLRQVZLOOSURPRWHRYHUDOOMXGLFLDOHIILFLHQF\DQGRWKHU
LPSRUWDQWYDOXHV6HH5RVH86DW UHTXLULQJWKH
GLVPLVVDO RI PL[HG SHWLWLRQV LQ WKH LQWHUHVWV RI SUHVHUYLQJ
FRPLW\ UHOLHYLQJ GLVWULFW FRXUWV RI WKH ³GLIILFXOW LI QRW
LPSRVVLEOH WDVN RI GHFLGLQJ ZKHQ FODLPV DUH UHODWHG´ DQG
UHGXFLQJ WKH WHPSWDWLRQ RQ WKH SDUW RI GLVWULFW FRXUWV WR
FRQVLGHUXQH[KDXVWHGFODLPV
,,,&21&/86,21
)RUDOORIWKHUHDVRQVVHWIRUWKDERYHZH9$&$7(WKH
MXGJPHQW RI WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW DQG 5(0$1' IRU IXUWKHU
SURFHHGLQJVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKLVRSLQLRQ
7KH +RQRUDEOH .DWKOHHQ 0 2¶0DOOH\ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW -XGJH
IRU WKH 1RUWKHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 2KLR VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21
3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH
(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21 )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
)LOH 1DPH DS
81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6
)257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
6+$521 0$< 52&.:(//
3HWLWLRQHU$SSHOOHH
Y
-2$1 <8.,16
5HVSRQGHQW$SSHOODQW
;!

1
1R
$SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW
IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW'HWURLW
1R²$YHUQ&RKQ'LVWULFW-XGJH
$UJXHG0DUFK
'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG-XQH
%HIRUH6,/(5DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLW-XGJHV
2¶0$//(<'LVWULFW-XGJH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&2816(/
$5*8(' /DXUD *UDYHV 0RRG\ 2)),&( 2) 7+(
$77251(<*(1(5$/+$%($6&25386',9,6,21
/DQVLQJ0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOODQW&UDLJ$'DO\'HWURLW

-- 1 of 4 --

5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV 1R
0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOOHH21%5,()/DXUD*UDYHV0RRG\
9LQFHQW - /HRQH 2)),&( 2) 7+( $77251(<
*(1(5$/ +$%($6 &25386 ',9,6,21 /DQVLQJ
0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOODQW&UDLJ$'DO\'HWURLW0LFKLJDQ
IRU$SSHOOHH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
23,1,21
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
521$/' /(( *,/0$1 &LUFXLW -XGJH 6KDURQ
5RFNZHOOD0LFKLJDQVWDWHSULVRQHUILOHGDSHWLWLRQIRUDZULW
RIKDEHDVFRUSXVLQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUWIRUWKH
(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQ%RWKRIWKHFODLPVFRQWDLQHGLQ
KHUSHWLWLRQKDGSUHYLRXVO\EHHQSUHVHQWHGWRDQGUHMHFWHGE\
WKH 0LFKLJDQ FRXUWV +HU VWDWH UHPHGLHV KDG WKXV EHHQ
H[KDXVWHG6KHWKHQDPHQGHGKHUSHWLWLRQWRLQFOXGHDWKLUG
FODLPWKDWKDGQRWEHHQH[KDXVWHGLQWKH0LFKLJDQFRXUWV
$IWHUH[FXVLQJ5RFNZHOO¶VIDLOXUHWRH[KDXVWKHUWKLUGFODLP
WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW JUDQWHG WKH SHWLWLRQ EDVHG RQ DUJXPHQWV
SURIIHUHGLQRQHRIWKHH[KDXVWHGFODLPV)RUWKHUHDVRQVVHW
IRUWKEHORZZH9$&$7(WKHMXGJPHQWRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
DQG5(0$1'IRUIXUWKHUSURFHHGLQJVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKWKLV
RSLQLRQ
,%$&.*5281'
5RFNZHOOOLYHGZLWKKHUKXVEDQG(GZDUG5RFNZHOODQG
WKHLUVRQV+DO.HYLQDQG7HGG\LQ2[IRUG0LFKLJDQ,Q
+DODQGWZRRIKLVIULHQGV-HIIUH\*UHHQHDQG0DULR
6WLWWPDGHWZRXQVXFFHVVIXODWWHPSWVRQ(GZDUG¶VOLIH2QH
DWWHPSWLQYROYHGFXWWLQJWKHEUDNHOLQHVRQKLVFDUDQGWKH
RWKHU FRQVLVWHG RI VWULNLQJ KLP WZLFH RQ WKH KHDG ZLWK D
EDVHEDOO EDW ZKLOH KH ZDV ZDWFKLQJ WHOHYLVLRQ DW KRPH
5RFNZHOO ZDV QRW SUHVHQW GXULQJ HLWKHU RI WKHVH DWWHPSWV
7KH6WDWHRI0LFKLJDQFKDUJHG+DOZLWKDWWHPSWHGPXUGHU
DQG5RFNZHOOZLWKFRQVSLUDF\WRFRPPLWPXUGHU
7KH SURVHFXWLRQ¶V FDVH DJDLQVW 5RFNZHOO UHOLHG XSRQ
VHYHUDOGLVFXVVLRQVWKDWVKHKDGKDGZLWKKHUVRQVFRQFHUQLQJ
1R 5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV
6SHFLILFDOO\ DV H[SODLQHG EHORZ SHWLWLRQHU ZDV
GHSULYHGRIKHUFRQVWLWXWLRQDOULJKWWRSUHVHQWDGHIHQVH´7KH
IDFWWKDWRQHRIWKHH[KDXVWHGFODLPVLQDPL[HGSHWLWLRQPD\
SURYLGH PHULWRULRXV JURXQGV IRU JUDQWLQJ WKH SHWLWLRQ
KRZHYHUGRHVQRWVXIILFHWRFRQVWLWXWHDQ³H[FHSWLRQDO´FDVH
,Q*UDQEHUU\Y*UHHU86 WKH6XSUHPH
&RXUW GLVFXVVHG E\ ZD\ RI H[DPSOH WKDW LW ZRXOG EH
DSSURSULDWHIRUDQDSSHOODWHFRXUWWRDIILUPWKHJUDQWRIDZULW
RIKDEHDVFRUSXVRQWKHEDVLVRIDPL[HGSHWLWLRQZKHQ³DIXOO
WULDOKDVEHHQKHOGLQWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWDQGLWLVHYLGHQWWKDWD
PLVFDUULDJHRIMXVWLFHKDVRFFXUUHG´,GDW)URPWKH
FRQWH[W RI WKH FLWHG H[DPSOH KRZHYHU LW LV FOHDU WKDW
DIILUPDQFH ZDV DSSURSULDWH EHFDXVH WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW KDG
FRQGXFWHG WKH WULDO XQDZDUH RI WKH SHWLWLRQHU¶V IDLOXUH WR
H[KDXVWKHUVWDWHUHPHGLHV7KHH[DPSOHZDVEDVHGXSRQWKH
IDFWVRI)ULVELHY&ROOLQV86 LQZKLFKWKH
VWDWHGLGQRWUDLVHWKHQRQH[KDXVWLRQGHIHQVH7KH*UDQEHUU\
&RXUWQRWHGWKLVIDFWE\FRQFOXGLQJ³>D@VZHUHFRJQL]HGLQ
)ULVELHWKHFDVHVLQZKLFKWKHQRQH[KDXVWLRQGHIHQVHLVQRW
DVVHUWHGLQWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWPD\SUHVHQWDZLGHYDULHW\RI
FLUFXPVWDQFHV ZKLFK WKH FRXUWV RI DSSHDOV DUH DEOH WR
HYDOXDWHLQGLYLGXDOO\´*UDQEHUU\86DW
,QWKHSUHVHQWFDVHERWKWKHSDUWLHVDQGWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
ZHUH DZDUH RI WKH PL[HG QDWXUH RI 5RFNZHOO¶V DPHQGHG
SHWLWLRQ7RDOORZDGLVWULFWFRXUWVTXDUHO\SUHVHQWHGZLWKWKH
H[KDXVWLRQLVVXHWRJUDQWDSHWLWLRQHU¶VFODLPRQWKHPHULWV
DQGWKHQUDWLRQDOL]HLWVGHFLVLRQDIWHUWKHIDFWRQWKHJURXQGV
WKDWLWKDGDOUHDG\FRQGXFWHGDIXOOUHYLHZZRXOGYLWLDWHWKH
H[KDXVWLRQUHTXLUHPHQW
$OWKRXJK ZH DUH V\PSDWKHWLF ZLWK 5RFNZHOO¶V FXUUHQW
SRVLWLRQDQGZLWKWKHGHOD\VWKDWVKHKDVHQGXUHGZHFDQQRW
FRQFOXGH WKDW WKH FXUUHQW FDVH SUHVHQWV VXFK H[FHSWLRQDO
IDFWRUV DV WR ZDUUDQW H[FXVLQJ KHU IDLOXUH WR H[KDXVW
³([WHQGLQJ*UDQEHUU\EH\RQGWKHμH[FHSWLRQDO¶RUμXQXVXDO¶
FDVH XQGHUPLQHV WKH ODZ¶V FOHDU SUHIHUHQFH IRU KDYLQJ
XQH[KDXVWHG FODLPV GHFLGHG LQ VWDWH FRXUW´ 2¶*XLQQ Y
'XWWRQ)G WK&LU

-- 2 of 4 --

5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV 1R
FODLPVRQO\,Q$('3$&RQJUHVVVLPLODUO\PDGHFOHDUWKDW
WKHRQO\FLUFXPVWDQFHXQGHUZKLFKPL[HGSHWLWLRQVPD\EH
FRQVLGHUHGE\DGLVWULFWFRXUWLVZKHUHWKHFRXUWGHWHUPLQHV
WKDWWKHSHWLWLRQPXVWEHGHQLHGLQLWVHQWLUHW\6HH86&
† E 7KXVZKLOH&RQJUHVVDOWHUHGWKH5RVHH[KDXVWLRQ
UXOHVOLJKWO\E\WKHSDVVDJHRI$('3$LWGLGQRWGRVRLQD
PDQQHUZKLFKLQXUHVWR5RFNZHOO¶VEHQHILWLQWKLVFDVH
6HFRQGWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWH[SODLQHGWKDWZKHQ5RFNZHOO
SUHVHQWHGKHUWKLUGFODLPWRWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWVKHZDVVHHNLQJ
RQHRIWZRDOWHUQDWLYHUHPHGLHV²UHTXHVWLQJWKDWWKHGLVWULFW
FRXUWHLWKHUDOORZKHUWRDPHQGKHUSHWLWLRQWRLQFOXGHWKH
XQH[KDXVWHGFODLPRUWRVWD\WKHSURFHHGLQJVDQGDOORZKHUDQ
RSSRUWXQLW\ WR H[KDXVW KHU WKLUG FODLP LQ VWDWH FRXUW 7KH
GLVWULFW FRXUW DOORZHG 5RFNZHOO WR DPHQG KHU SHWLWLRQ ,Q
OLJKWRIWKDWEDFNJURXQGWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWUHDVRQHGWKDW³>L@W
ZRXOGZRUNDPDQLIHVWLQMXVWLFHRQ>5RFNZHOO@IRUWKLV&RXUW
QRZWRWHOO>KHU@WKDWVKHPXVWUHWXUQWRVWDWHFRXUWWRILOHD
PRWLRQWRYDFDWHMXGJPHQW´ZKHQVHYHQWHHQPRQWKVHDUOLHU
LW KDG H[FXVHG WKH ODFN RI H[KDXVWLRQ DQG DOORZHG KHU WR
DPHQG
)DFHG ZLWK 5RFNZHOO¶V PRWLRQ WR DPHQG WKH RSWLPDO
FRXUVHRIDFWLRQIRUWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWZRXOGKDYHEHHQWRGHQ\
WKH PRWLRQ WKXV JLYLQJ 5RFNZHOO WKH RSWLRQ RI HLWKHU
SURFHHGLQJZLWKKHUWZRH[KDXVWHGFODLPVRUZLWKGUDZLQJKHU
SHWLWLRQDQGSXUVXLQJKHUWKLUGFODLPLQVWDWHFRXUW&I5RVH
86 DW KDYLQJ GLVPLVVHG WKH KDEHDV SHWLWLRQ IRU
IDLOXUHWRH[KDXVWWKHFRXUWOHIWWKHSHWLWLRQHUZLWK³WKHFKRLFH
RI UHWXUQLQJ WR VWDWH FRXUW WR H[KDXVW KLV FODLPV RU RI
DPHQGLQJRUUHVXEPLWWLQJWKHKDEHDVSHWLWLRQWRSUHVHQWRQO\
H[KDXVWHG FODLPV WR WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW´ %XW 5RFNZHOO LV
XOWLPDWHO\WKHRQHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHVWDWXVRIKHUSHWLWLRQ
QRW WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW +DYLQJ NQRZLQJO\ DGGHG DQ
XQH[KDXVWHGFODLPWRKHUSHWLWLRQ5RFNZHOOFDQQRWQRZOD\
WKHEODPHDWWKHIHHWRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
$V WKH ³>P@RVW LPSRUWDQW´ MXVWLILFDWLRQ IRU H[FXVLQJ
5RFNZHOO¶VIDLOXUHWRH[KDXVWDOORIKHUFODLPVWKHGLVWULFW
FRXUWVWDWHGWKDW³XQXVXDODQGH[FHSWLRQDOFLUFXPVWDQFHVH[LVW
1R 5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV
SODQVWRNLOO(GZDUG5RFNZHOO¶VGHIHQVHDWWULDOZDVWKDW
(GZDUG KDG VH[XDOO\ DEXVHG KHU VRQV DQG WKDW WKHVH
FRQYHUVDWLRQVZHUHFRQGXFWHGDVDIRUPRIWKHUDS\LQZKLFK
KHUVRQVYHQWHGWKHLUDQJHUWRZDUGVWKHLUIDWKHUQRWDVVHULRXV
IRUPXODWLRQVRIDSODQWRNLOO(GZDUG
7RHVWDEOLVKKHU³WKHUDS\´GHIHQVHWKHRU\5RFNZHOOVRXJKW
WRLQWURGXFHHYLGHQFHDWWULDOWKDW(GZDUGKDGLQIDFWVH[XDOO\
DEXVHGWKHLUWKUHHVRQV7KH0LFKLJDQWULDOFRXUWJUDQWHGWKH
VWDWH¶VPRWLRQWRH[FOXGHWKLVHYLGHQFHDSSDUHQWO\ZLWKRXW
FRQVLGHULQJ 5RFNZHOO¶V DUJXPHQWV LQ RSSRVLWLRQ 2Q
1RYHPEHU5RFNZHOOZDVFRQYLFWHGRIFRQVSLUDF\
WR FRPPLW PXUGHU DQG VHQWHQFHG WR OLIH LQ SULVRQ 7KH
0LFKLJDQ&RXUWRI$SSHDOVDIILUPHGKROGLQJWKDWDOWKRXJK
WKH HYLGHQFH RI DEXVH ZDV UHOHYDQW WKH WULDO FRXUW GLG QRW
DEXVHLWVGLVFUHWLRQLQH[FOXGLQJLW5RFNZHOO¶VDSSOLFDWLRQ
IRU OHDYH WR DSSHDO WR WKH 0LFKLJDQ 6XSUHPH &RXUW ZDV
GHQLHG
2Q0DUFK5RFNZHOOILOHGDSHWLWLRQIRUDZULWRI
KDEHDVFRUSXVSXUVXDQWWR86&†6KHUDLVHGWZR
LVVXHVLQWKHSHWLWLRQRQHFKDOOHQJLQJWKHVXIILFLHQF\RIWKH
HYLGHQFHVXSSRUWLQJKHUFRQYLFWLRQDQGWKHRWKHUREMHFWLQJWR
WKHUXOLQJRIWKHVWDWHWULDOFRXUWWKDWKDGH[FOXGHGHYLGHQFHRI
(GZDUG5RFNZHOO¶VVH[XDODEXVHRIWKHLUVRQV%RWKRIWKHVH
LVVXHVKDGEHHQH[KDXVWHGLQWKH0LFKLJDQFRXUWV
2Q-XQHKRZHYHU5RFNZHOOILOHGDPRWLRQWR
DPHQGKHUSHWLWLRQWRLQFOXGHDVDWKLUGLVVXHDFKDOOHQJHWR
WKHMXU\LQVWUXFWLRQVJLYHQE\WKHWULDOFRXUW5RFNZHOOKDG
QRWSUHYLRXVO\UDLVHGWKLVFKDOOHQJHLQWKH0LFKLJDQFRXUWV
7KH VWDWH GLG QRW REMHFW WR WKH PRWLRQ KRZHYHU DQG WKH
GLVWULFW FRXUW DOORZHG 5RFNZHOO WR DPHQG KHU SHWLWLRQ WR
LQFOXGHWKLVWKLUGFODLP
2Q0DUFKWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWJUDQWHG5RFNZHOO¶V
SHWLWLRQ7KHGHFLVLRQZDVEDVHGRQ5RFNZHOO¶VFODLPWKDW
KHU GXH SURFHVV ULJKW WR SUHVHQW D FRPSOHWH GHIHQVH ZDV
YLRODWHG E\ WKH WULDO FRXUW¶V H[FOXVLRQ RI WKH HYLGHQFH RI
DEXVH ,W QRWHG WKDW WKH H[KDXVWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQW LV QRW
MXULVGLFWLRQDODQGPD\EHH[FXVHGLQFHUWDLQLQVWDQFHV)RU

-- 3 of 4 --

5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV 1R
WKH UHDVRQV GLVFXVVHG EHORZ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW GHFLGHG WR
H[FXVH5RFNZHOO¶VIDLOXUHWRH[KDXVWKHUWKLUGFODLP7KH
VWDWHILOHGDWLPHO\DSSHDORQ0DUFKFKDOOHQJLQJWKH
GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V IDLOXUH WR GLVPLVV IRU ODFN RI H[KDXVWLRQ DV
ZHOODVLWVFRQFOXVLRQWKDW5RFNZHOOKDGEHHQGHQLHGKHUGXH
SURFHVVULJKWWRSUHVHQWDFRPSOHWHGHIHQVH
,,$1$/<6,6
³,Q DSSHDOV RI IHGHUDO KDEHDV FRUSXV SURFHHGLQJV ZH
UHYLHZWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW¶VOHJDOFRQFOXVLRQVGHQRYRDQGLWV
IDFWXDOILQGLQJVXQGHUDμFOHDUO\HUURQHRXV¶VWDQGDUG´/XFDV
Y2¶'HD)G WK&LU
7KH$QWLWHUURULVPDQG(IIHFWLYH'HDWK3HQDOW\$FWRI
$('3$ FRGLILHGWKHUHTXLUHPHQWWKDWDQDSSOLFDQWIRUDZULW
RIKDEHDVFRUSXVILUVWH[KDXVWKHUFODLPVLQVWDWHFRXUWEHIRUH
SUHVHQWLQJWKHPWRIHGHUDOFRXUW6HH86&† E
8QGHU WKLV UHTXLUHPHQW DQ DSSOLFDQW PD\ QRW SUHVHQW D
³PL[HG´SHWLWLRQFRQWDLQLQJERWKH[KDXVWHGDQGXQH[KDXVWHG
FODLPVWRDIHGHUDOFRXUW6HH5RVHY/XQG\86
2¶*XLQQY'XWWRQ)G WK
&LU $OWKRXJKWKLVUHTXLUHPHQWLVQRWMXULVGLFWLRQDOD
SHWLWLRQWKDWLQFOXGHVXQH[KDXVWHGFODLPVZLOORUGLQDULO\QRW
EH FRQVLGHUHG E\ D IHGHUDO FRXUW DEVHQW ³XQXVXDO´ RU
³H[FHSWLRQDO´FLUFXPVWDQFHV6HH2¶*XLQQ)GDW
FLWLQJ*UDQEHUU\Y*UHHU86
6XFK FLUFXPVWDQFHV DUH QRW SUHVHQW LQ WKLV FDVH ,Q
*UDQEHUU\WKHFDVHLQZKLFKWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWVHWRXWWKH
SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHH[FHSWLRQWRWKHH[KDXVWLRQUHTXLUHPHQW
WKHVWDWHKDGZDLYHGWKHGHIHQVHRIQRQH[KDXVWLRQEHIRUHWKH
GLVWULFWFRXUW,WZDVLQWKLVFRQWH[WWKDWWKH&RXUWSUHVFULEHG
D ³PLGGOH FRXUVH´ KROGLQJ WKDW ³WKH DSSHOODWH FRXUW LV QRW
UHTXLUHG WR GLVPLVV IRU QRQH[KDXVWLRQ QRWZLWKVWDQGLQJ WKH
6WDWH¶V IDLOXUH WR UDLVH LW DQG WKH FRXUW LV QRW REOLJDWHG WR
UHJDUG WKH 6WDWH¶V RPLVVLRQ DV DQ DEVROXWH ZDLYHU RI WKH
FODLP´,GDW,QVWHDGWKH&RXUWLQVWUXFWHGDSSHOODWH
FRXUWV WR ³WDNH D IUHVK ORRN DW WKH LVVXH´ DQG ³GHWHUPLQH
ZKHWKHUWKHLQWHUHVWVRIFRPLW\DQGIHGHUDOLVPZLOOEHEHWWHU
VHUYHGE\DGGUHVVLQJWKHPHULWVIRUWKZLWKRUE\UHTXLULQJD
1R 5RFNZHOOY<XNLQV
VHULHVRIDGGLWLRQDOVWDWHDQGGLVWULFWFRXUWSURFHHGLQJVEHIRUH
UHYLHZLQJWKHPHULWVRIWKHSHWLWLRQHU¶VFODLP´,GDW
,Q WKH \HDUV VLQFH *UDQEHUU\ ZDV GHFLGHG $('3$ KDV
EHHQDPHQGHGWRSURYLGHWKDWDVWDWHZLOOQRORQJHUEHIRXQG
WRKDYHZDLYHGWKHGHIHQVHRIQRQH[KDXVWLRQXQOHVVLWGRHVVR
H[SUHVVO\DQGWKURXJKFRXQVHO6HH86&† E
7KXVWKHVWDWH¶VIDLOXUHWRREMHFWZKHQ5RFNZHOOPRYHGWR
DGGDQXQH[KDXVWHGFODLPWRKHUSHWLWLRQGLGQRWFRQVWLWXWHD
ZDLYHURIWKHGHIHQVH5RFNZHOODUJXHVKRZHYHUWKDWWKH
VWDWHH[SUHVVO\ZDLYHGWKHQRQH[KDXVWLRQGHIHQVHE\DUJXLQJ
LQ LWV RSSRVLWLRQ WR 5RFNZHOO¶V SHWLWLRQ WKDW ³QR XVHIXO
SXUSRVHZRXOGEHVHUYHGE\GLVPLVVLQJ>5RFNZHOO¶V@KDEHDV
SHWLWLRQXQGHUWKHWRWDOH[KDXVWLRQUXOHEHFDXVHKHUFODLPVDUH
PHULWOHVV´7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWGLGQRWYLHZWKLVVWDWHPHQWDV
DZDLYHUDQGQHLWKHUGRZH,QFRQWH[WWKLVVWDWHPHQWVLPSO\
IXQFWLRQVDVDWUDQVLWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVWDWH¶VWZRDOWHUQDWLYH
DUJXPHQWV²QDPHO\WKDW5RFNZHOO¶VFODLPZDVQRWH[KDXVWHG
DQGLQDQ\HYHQWWKDWWKHFODLPZDVPHULWOHVVDQGWKHUHIRUH
RXJKW WR EH GLVPLVVHG RQ WKH PHULWV SXUVXDQW WR E
ZKHWKHULWZDVH[KDXVWHGRUQRW
7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW RIIHUHG VHYHUDO MXVWLILFDWLRQV IRU LWV
GHFLVLRQWRH[FXVHWKHPL[HGQDWXUHRI5RFNZHOO¶VSHWLWLRQ
QRQHRIZKLFKZHILQGSHUVXDVLYH)LUVWEHFDXVHWKHGLVWULFW
FRXUWLQWHQGHGWRJUDQW5RFNZHOO¶VSHWLWLRQRQWKHJURXQGVRI
DQ HYLGHQWLDU\ FODLP WKDW KDG EHHQ SURSHUO\ H[KDXVWHG LW
IRXQGWKDWLWZRXOGQRWQHHGWRUHDFKWKHPHULWVRI5RFNZHOO¶V
XQH[KDXVWHGFODLP³7KH&RXUWZLOOWKHUHIRUHQRWLQWHUIHUH
ZLWKDVWDWHFRXUW¶VRSSRUWXQLW\WRUHYLHZWKHXQH[KDXVWHG
FODLP LQ WKH ILUVW LQVWDQFH´ $OWKRXJK WKLV UHDVRQLQJ KDV
XQGHQLDEOHDSSHDOLWFDQQRWEHUHFRQFLOHGZLWKWKH6XSUHPH
&RXUW¶VGHFLVLRQLQ5RVHY/XQG\86
RUZLWKWKHFOHDUWH[WRI$('3$,QKROGLQJWKDWDGLVWULFW
FRXUW PD\ QRW UHYLHZ PL[HG SHWLWLRQV WKH &RXUW VHQW DQ
XQPLVWDNDEO\ FOHDU PHVVDJH WR SHWLWLRQHUV ³>%@HIRUH \RX
EULQJDQ\FODLPVWRIHGHUDOFRXUWEHVXUHWKDW\RXILUVWKDYH
WDNHQHDFKRQHWRVWDWHFRXUW´,GDW7KH&RXUWFRXOG
KDYH EXW GLG QRW KROG WKDW D GLVWULFW FRXUW PD\ FRQVLGHU
PL[HGSHWLWLRQVVRORQJDVLWOLPLWVLWVUHYLHZWRWKHH[KDXVWHG

-- 4 of 4 --

Continue sua pesquisa no ChatGPT ou Claude

Conecte o Omnilex para pesquisar o corpus jurídico pelo seu assistente de IA.