and 01-2369 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. R. Steven Stackpole

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
Nos. 01-2033 and 01-2369
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
R. STEVEN STACKPOLE,
Appellant No. 01-2033
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
v.
JEFFREY KLEPPER,
Appellant No. 01-2369
Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Criminal Nos. 00-cr-00046-1, 3)
District Court Judge: Honorable William W. Caldwell
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
December 20, 2002
Before: NYGAARD, ALITO and RENDELL, Circuit Judges.
(Filed: April 3, 2003)
OPINION OF THE COURT
RENDELL, Circuit Judge.

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1 As there was no objection to the jury instructions at trial, counsel has conceded
that our review is for plain error only. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 52(b).
2
Steven Stackpole and Jeffrey Klepper appeal from their judgment of conviction and
sentence following a jury trial for mail fraud, money laundering, and related charges
connected to their participation in a Ponzi scheme. The District Court had jurisdiction
under 18 U.S.C. § 3231, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We will
affirm.
As we write solely for the parties, we need not detail the factual background of this
appeal. Before us, appellants present two issues. First, appellants argue that the District
Court’s jury instructions, which suggested that conviction for conspiracy to commit mail
fraud could be based in part on material omissions, were plainly erroneous.1 We disagree.
Appellants rely on the long settled common law rule that the failure to divulge material
information is only fraudulent where there was some duty to disclose. See Chiarella v.
United States, 445 U.S. 222 (1980); Copper Process Co. v. Chicago Bonding & Ins. Co.,
262 F. 66 (3d Cir. 1920). But the record here makes clear that appellants were prosecuted
not just for mere nondisclosure, but for a broad range of fraudulent conduct including
misrepresentations, half-truths, as well as material nondisclosures intended to deceive. We
have stated that fraud convictions such as these are valid where they are premised on “a
scheme or artifice to defraud . . . ‘involv[ing] some sort of fraudulent misrepresentations or
omissions reasonably calculated to deceive persons of ordinary prudence and

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3
comprehension,’” and that “[t]he scheme need not involve affirmative misrepresentation.”
Kehr Packages, Inc. v. Fidelcor, Inc., 926 F.2d 1406, 1415 (3d Cir. 1991) (quoting United
States v. Pearlstein, 576 F.2d 531, 535 (3d Cir. 1978)); see also United States v. Olatunji,
872 F.2d 1161, 1166-67 (3d Cir. 1989). Other Courts of Appeals are generally in
agreement. See, e.g., United States v. Autuori, 212 F.3d 105 (2d Cir. 2000); United States
v. Colton, 231 F.3d 890 (4th Cir. 2000); United States v. Brown, 79 F.3d 1550 (11th Cir.
1996); Emery v. American General Finance, Inc., 71 F.3d 1343 (7th Cir. 1995); United
States v. Townley, 665 F.2d 579 (5th Cir. 1982). Accordingly, there was no plain error in
the District Court’s instructions.
Appellants’ second argument is apparently that the District Court’s instruction on
the liability of co-conspirators pursuant to Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640
(1946), was somehow in violation of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000).
However, appellants have not made at all clear how or why they believe an Apprendi
violation to have occurred. In Apprendi, the Supreme Court held that, other than the fact of
a prior conviction, “any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the statutory
maximum must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.” Apprendi,
530 U.S. at 490. Here, the District Court gave a proper Pinkerton instruction, and the jury
considered all of the elements of the crimes charged as constitutionally required.
Accordingly, we are unable to divine any violation of Apprendi.
The orders of the District Court will be AFFIRMED.
__________________________

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4
TO THE CLERK OF COURT:
Please file the foregoing not precedential opinion.
/s/Marjorie O. Rendell
Circuit Judge
Dated: April 3, 2003

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