Questão jurídica principal
Whether the reference to a presumed shout as 'well' was an unusable factual basis for the judgment.
Decisão extraída
The passage was indeed only a presumption, but it had no material relevance for assessing the defendant's negligence.
Fundamentação extraída
Presumptions are not binding findings of fact, yet the defendant did not show that the shout had any bearing on the negligence assessment.