Questão jurídica principal
Whether the appellant's engagement under the 1993 credit documents was a joint and several debtorship or a suretyship requiring formalities.
Decisão extraída
The contract objectively and according to the parties' real intent created a joint and several obligation; it was not a suretyship.
Fundamentação extraída
The bank could reasonably understand the appellant as an independent co-obligor in a business relationship broader than the apartment purchase. The wording of the credit act, the surrounding circumstances, and subsequent conduct supported joint liability; a creditor may secure repayment through joint debtorship instead of suretyship.