Questão jurídica principal
Whether Y.________ was personally liable for the contractual penalty under the piercing-the-corporate-veil doctrine.
Decisão extraída
No. The company and its shareholder remain separate legal persons, and the prerequisites for piercing the veil were not met.
Fundamentação extraída
Y.________ was not a party to the 1999 contract. Majority shareholding and managerial control were insufficient by themselves; there was no abusive invocation of corporate separateness and no finding that he had used the company as a mere instrument to evade the penalty obligation.