Questão jurídica principal
Whether the bank had a duty to inform the customer about the risk of third-party interception and alteration of written payment orders sent by post.
Decisão extraída
No such duty existed here; the risk of postal interception was common knowledge, and it was not established that the bank had special knowledge requiring a warning.
Fundamentação extraída
A mandate-based bank relationship may entail information duties where the client lacks knowledge of a relevant risk. But for risks of posting written orders, there was no knowledge deficit. The alleged fraud pattern was not shown to be known to the bank while unknown to the public, so no duty to warn arose.