Hatcher v. Moore

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE.  IT SHOULD NOT

BE CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT
IN ANY PROCEEDING

EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 239(d)(2),
SCACR.

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA

In The Court of Appeals

Gerald T. Hatcher and Martha Jean
Hatcher,        Appellants,

v.

Tammy S. Hornsby Moore, and Skylar
Hatcher, a minor under the age of
fourteen (14) years,        Respondents.

Appeal From Aiken County

Peter R. Nuessle, Family Court Judge

Unpublished Opinion No. 2004-UP-332

Submitted May 12, 2004 – Filed May 17,
2004

AFFIRMED

Thomas P. Murphy, of N. Augusta, for Appellants.

Amanda Frances Whittle, of Aiken, for Respondents.

PER CURIAM:  In this termination of parental
rights case, Gerald T. Hatcher and Martha Jean Hatcher appeal from an order
of the family court denying their complaint to terminate the parental rights
of Tammy S. Hornsby Moore to her minor son, Skylar Hatcher.  We affirm.

FACTS

Tammy Moore is the mother of Skylar Hatcher,
born January 13, 1997.  Skylar lived with his mother in Aiken County until he
was about one and a half years old.  Then, in June 1998, Moore asked the Hatchers,
Skylar’s paternal grandparents, to care for Skylar.  Immediately after placing
Skylar with the Hatchers, Moore was arrested for failing to appear in court
on a matter unrelated to the instant case. 

After her June 1998 arrest, Moore’s contact with
and support for her son was limited.  At Moore’s request, the Hatchers retained
primary physical custody of Skylar.  Shortly after her arrest, Moore sent the
Hatchers a personal check for fifty dollars.  A few weeks later, Mike Hornsby,
a friend of Moore’s and the father of her other child, sent an additional check
for fifty dollars to the Hatchers for Skylar’s support. 

In August 1998, Moore was involved in a serious
car accident in which the passenger in the car she was driving was killed. 
Moore was charged with and pled guilty to involuntary manslaughter and was ultimately
sentenced to five years imprisonment. 

After the accident, Moore was admitted to a drug
treatment facility as mandated by a previous court order.  She was released
approximately one month later.  Following her release, Moore moved to  Seneca,
South Carolina, to live with her parents.    

Moore testified she would occasionally visit Skylar
during the following months by “sneaking up” to see him with the help of Skylar’s
father, Trent Hatcher.  Moore also claimed she left Christmas presents for Skylar
at the Hatchers’ home in December 1998.  She returned to Aiken full-time in
July 1999 and lived with Trent in a trailer adjacent to the Hatchers’ home. 
Moore moved out approximately one month later.   Throughout this time, Moore
testified she was unemployed and unable to provide any additional financial
support for Skylar. 

Moore last saw Skylar on October 31, 1999.  The
next day she began serving her five-year prison sentence for the August 1998
involuntary manslaughter conviction. 

While she was in prison, Moore attempted to maintain
involvement with Skylar and the Hatchers.  Though she earned no money in prison,
she sent letters and holiday cards to Skylar along with letters to the Hatchers
asking how her son was doing and thanking them for their help raising Skylar
while she was away.  Moore also requested that the Hatchers bring Skylar to
visit her in prison.  They refused to do so. 

The Hatchers brought this action in May 2000, seeking
to terminate Moore’s parental rights to Skylar, alleging she had willfully failed
to visit or support Skylar during the time the child had been in their custody. 
The family court denied the Hatchers’ request, finding they failed to establish
sufficient grounds to terminate Moore’s parental rights.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Grounds for termination of parental rights
must be proved by clear and convincing evidence.  Hooper v. Rockwell,
334 S.C. 281, 297, 513 S.E.2d 358, 366 (1999).  On appeal of a termination of
parental rights case, this court may review the entire record to make a determination
of the facts according to our view of the evidence.  Richland County Dep’t
of Soc. Servs. v. Earles, 330 S.C. 24, 32, 496 S.E.2d 864, 868 (1998). Our
broad scope of review, however, does not require us to disregard the findings
of the family court below or ignore the fact the trial judge was in a better
position to assess the credibility of the witnesses.  South Carolina Dep’t
of Soc. Servs. v. Cummings, 345 S.C. 288, 293, 547 S.E.2d 506, 509 (Ct.
App. 2001).

DISCUSSION

The Hatchers argue the family court erred
in denying their request to terminate Moore’s parental rights to Skylar, because
they assert the evidence clearly demonstrates Moore failed to support and visit
Skylar.  We disagree.

Termination of parental rights is governed
by South Carolina Code section 20-7-1572 (Supp. 2003).  This statute provides
that the family court may order the termination of parental rights upon a finding
of one or more of the enumerated grounds.   In this case, the Hatchers sought
to terminate Moore’s parental rights to Skylar pursuant to subsections (3) and
(4) of the statute, which provide for termination if:

(3) The child has lived outside
the home of either parent for a period of six months, and during that time the
parent has wilfully failed to visit the child. The court may attach little
or no weight to incidental visitations, but it must be shown that the parent
was not prevented from visiting by the party having custody or by court order. 
The distance of the child’s placement from the parent’s home must be taken into
consideration when determining the ability to visit;

(4) The child has lived outside
the home of either parent for a period of six months, and during that time the
parent has wilfully failed to support the child.  Failure to support
means that the parent has failed to make a material contribution to the child’s
care.  A material contribution consists of either financial contributions according
to the parent’s means or contributions of food, clothing, shelter, or other
necessities for the care of the child according to the parent’s means.  The
court may consider all relevant circumstances in determining whether or not
the parent has wilfully failed to support the child, including requests for
support by the custodian and the ability of the parent to provide support;

S.C. Code Ann. § 20-7-1752(3) & (4) (Supp. 2003)
(emphasis added).

Whether a parent’s failure to visit or
support a child is willful under section 20-7-1752 is a question of intent to
be determined by the facts and circumstances of each case.  South Carolina
Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Headden, 354 S.C. 602, 610, 582 S.E.2d 419, 423
(2003).  Our supreme court has held “[c]onduct of the parent which evinces a
settled purpose to forego parental duties may fairly be characterized as ‘willful’
because it manifests a conscious indifference to the rights of the child to
receive support and consortium from the parent.”  South Carolina Dep’t of
Soc. Servs. v. Broome, 307 S.C. 48, 53, 413 S.E.2d 835, 839 (1992).  The
element of willfulness must be established by clear and convincing evidence. 
Id. at 52, 413 S.E.2d at 838.

Based on our review of the record, we
do not find there is clear and convincing evidence to show Moore willfully failed
to visit or support Skylar.  Moore’s testimony, which we find largely credible,
reveals she made numerous attempts to visit Skylar prior to her incarceration,
doing so discreetly when she felt she would not be welcome in the Hatchers’
home. We also note the period of time Moore lived adjacent to the Hatchers in
the summer of 1999.  Moore’s credible testimony indicates she took advantage
of that opportunity to spend time with Skylar.  Moore’s imprisonment did not
end her desire to see her son.  The Hatchers admitted that Moore asked them,
on more than one occasion, to bring Skylar to the prison for a visit.  The Hatchers
refused these requests.  It was also admitted that Moore tried to maintain contact
and involvement with Skylar from prison by way of regular cards and letters
to Skylar and the Hatchers.

On the question of Moore’s support for
Skylar, we find her lack of support in this case does not rise to the level
warranting termination of parental rights.  To be sure, Moore provided very
little in the form of pure financial support.  We cannot say, however, that
Moore evidenced a desire to completely forgo her duty to support Skylar.  The
gifts she provided Skylar, along with the time spent with Skylar in summer 1999,
indicate some commitment on the part of Moore to contribute to Skylar’s care. 

We are additionally mindful of the instruction
in section 20-7-1572(4) that the court must evaluate the support Moore provided
according to her means.  As noted above, Moore was unemployed in the year prior
to her imprisonment.  Though she had received some money from the sale of real
estate, Moore testified that a substantial portion of this money had to be used
to pay off an existing debt.  While in prison, Moore earned no money.  We, like
the family court judge, afford greater weight to the contributions Moore did
make to the care of Skylar in light of her very limited financial means.  

In reaching this decision, we do not intend to
gloss over the plain fact that Moore’s poor decisions in her life have had a
negative impact on her ability to meet her obligations as a parent to Skylar. 
Poor decisions, however, do not necessarily signal an intent to forgo all parental
rights:

The fundamental liberty interest
of natural parents in the care, custody, and management of their child does
not evaporate simply because they have not been model parents or have lost temporary
custody of their child to the State.  Even when blood relationships are strained,
parents retain a vital interest in preventing the irretrievable destruction
of their family life.

Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753 (1982)
(Stevens, J., dissenting).

Moore does not claim she has been a model parent. 
The record reveals she has acknowledged her mistakes, and she has consistently
expressed appreciation for the Hatchers’ important role in raising Skylar. 
In our firm judgment, Moore’s efforts to maintain involvement in Skylar’s life
before and after her incarceration, though far from ideal, warrant a finding
that she has not evinced a settled purpose to forgo her parental duties. 

Overall, we concur with the family court’s determination
that the Hatchers have not established by clear and convincing evidence that
Moore wilfully failed to visit and support Skylar under the standard of section
20-7-1752.  The order of the family court denying the Hatchers’ complaint for
termination of Moore’s parental rights is therefore

AFFIRMED.     

ANDERSON, HUFF, and KITTREDGE, JJ., concur.