COA 372870 PEOPLE OF MI V WINSTON KIRTLEY JR Opinion - Per Curiam - Unpublished 4/10/2026

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N
C O U R T O F A P P E A L S
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
UNPUBLISHED
April 10, 2026
3:24 PM
V No. 372870
Wayne Circuit Court
WINSTON KIRTLEY, JR., LC No. 23-003471-01-FC
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: RICK, P.J., and YATES and MARIANI, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals as of right his jury trial convictions of two counts of first-degree
premeditated murder, MCL 750.316(1); six counts of assault with the intent to commit murder
(AWIM), MCL 750.83; one count of intentional discharge of a firearm at a dwelling or occupied
structure, MCL 750.234b(3); and nine counts of carrying a firearm during the commission of a
felony (felony-firearm), MCL 750.227b(1). Defendant was sentenced to concurrent terms of life
imprisonment for the two first-degree murder convictions, 225 to 450 months’ imprisonment for
each of the six AWIM convictions, and 86 to 165 months’ imprisonment for the intentional
discharge of a firearm at a dwelling or occupied structure conviction. He was also sentenced to
two years’ imprisonment for each of the nine felony-firearm convictions, to be served concurrently
with each other, but consecutive to his other sentences. We affirm.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Early in the morning of July 31, 2022, defendant discovered Andre Willis and Tokaye
Thirkield parked outside of his home, blocking his driveway. A group of individuals had gathered
for a party at a home across the street. Willis and Thirkield were guests. Defendant repeatedly
asked Willis to move the vehicle. In response, defendant claimed that Willis pulled out a handgun
and aimed it at him. Defendant went in his house and retrieved a rifle. Defendant returned to the
driveway and began shooting at Willis’s vehicle, wounding both Willis and Thirkield. Neither of
the vehicle’s occupants returned fire. At some point, Willis and Thirkield drove away. Their

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vehicle struck a building several miles away, and both Willis and Thirkield died from their injuries.
According to medical examiners, both died from multiple gunshot wounds.
A second altercation began between defendant and other individuals at the home across the
street. Defendant and one of the partygoers, Daniel Stubbs, began shooting at each other.
Defendant climbed onto his roof and shot Stubbs and three other party attendees, as well as a
neighbor who had attempted to aid the injured. Police arrived later that morning and arrested
defendant. Officers canvassed the scene and recovered several firearms, bullets, and bullet
casings.
Following a five-day trial, defendant was convicted and sentenced as described above.
This appeal followed.
II. ANALYSIS
Defendant argues that the evidence presented to the jury was insufficient to convict him of
first-degree murder and AWIM. He additionally contends that the evidence was insufficient to
prove that his actions were not justified by lawful self-defense. We disagree.
We review challenges to the sufficiency of evidence presented at trial de novo. People v
Kloostermann, 296 Mich App 636, 639; 823 NW2d 134 (2012). “In reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence, this Court must view the evidence—whether direct or circumstantial—in a light most
favorable to the prosecutor and determine whether a rational trier of fact could find that the
essential elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” People v Kenny, 332
Mich App 394, 402-403; 956 NW2d 562 (2020). All evidentiary conflicts must be resolved in the
prosecution’s favor. People v Savage, 327 Mich App 604, 614-615; 935 NW2d 69 (2019).
A. PREMEDITATION AND DELIBERATION
First-degree murder is defined as (1) the intentional killing of a person (2) with
premeditation and deliberation. People v Bass, 317 Mich App 241, 265-266; 893 NW2d 140
(2016). Defendant admitted at trial that he intentionally discharged his firearm at Willis’s vehicle.
He admitted that he knew the vehicle was occupied by Willis and Thirkield, illustrating his intent
to shoot them both. The logical result of firing a rifle at a vehicle containing two individuals,
repeatedly and without warning, is that those individuals would be seriously injured or killed. The
first element was thereby satisfied.
Defendant contends he had insufficient time to effectively premeditate and deliberate the
crime. Premeditation occurs when a crime is thought out beforehand. People v Oros, 502 Mich
229, 236; 917 NW2d 559 (2018). Deliberation is defined as weighing the pros and cons of an
action before acting. Id. To satisfy the standard for a first-degree murder conviction, both
premeditation and deliberation require “real and substantial reflection for long enough to give a
reasonable person a chance to think twice about the intent to kill.” Id. Our Supreme Court has
held that while premeditation and deliberation require some time, it need not be for long and can
occur within a matter of seconds. Id. at 242-243. The critical question is whether a defendant had
reasonable time to take a “second look” at his actions, measured as the time period necessary
between the initial homicidal thought and the ultimate homicide, to sufficiently subject his or her
proposed action to a “second look” before taking action. Id.

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Upon withdrawing to his home to retrieve his rifle, defendant had sufficient time to think
about his actions. Even accepting defendant’s own version of the events, he still spent about 15 to
20 seconds retrieving the weapon before he re-emerged outside of his house, where he then raised
the loaded weapon and fired multiple rounds, shooting Willis and Thirkield. Applying the standard
from Oros, this is more than enough time to have taken a second look at his planned actions and
weighed the pros and cons of proceeding. Id. Thus, the evidence was sufficient to allow a jury to
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant was guilty of first-degree premeditated murder.
B. CAUSATION
Defendant posits that there was insufficient evidence presented at trial to convict him of
first-degree premeditated murder or AWIM because the prosecution did not prove defendant
caused the victims’ injuries. According to defendant, the evidentiary record at trial on the issue of
causation was too limited to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant’s “weapon issued the
shots that actually made impact and caused death or injury to anybody.” We disagree. Viewing
the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, there was sufficient evidence on this
point to convict defendant on both the first-degree premeditated murder and the AWIM charges.
First, regarding defendant’s first-degree premeditated murder convictions, defendant
admitted at trial that he fired at the vehicle which he knew to be occupied by Willis and Thirkield,
and evidence at trial demonstrated that he fired multiple times. The prosecution also established
that Willis’s and Thirkield’s manner and causes of death were homicide by multiple gunshot
wounds. Defendant maintains that the bullets that killed Willis and Thirkield could have come
from someone other than him. However, he ignores that we must view the evidence in light most
favorable to the prosecution and likewise resolve any evidentiary conflicts in favor of the
prosecution. Kenny, 332 Mich App at 402-403; Savage, 327 Mich App at 614-615. Applying
these standards, the prosecution presented sufficient evidence at trial for the jury to reasonably
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant shot and killed Willis and Thirkield.
Next, the evidence at trial was sufficient to establish that defendant was guilty of AWIM
in relation to the injuries sustained by six partygoers who were caught in the shootout. The
elements of a charge of AWIM are (1) an assault; (2) with the intent to kill; (3) which, if successful,
would make the killing a murder. People v Anderson, 322 Mich App 622, 632; 912 NW2d 607
(2018). It is undisputed that defendant opened fire from his home on the west side of a residential
street, toward the house on the east side of the street. Stubbs fired back at defendant from the east
side toward defendant’s residence. The record indicates that the partygoers who were injured were
struck by bullets coming toward them. As defendant was the only person proven to be shooting
westward in the direction of the party attendees, a jury could reasonably conclude that defendant
caused the injuries sustained by these individuals.
Moreover, the jury could reasonably infer the requisite intent to kill from defendant’s
conduct. Defendant fired numerous rounds from an elevated position into an occupied residence
without evidence of any attempt to limit the risk to bystanders. From this conduct, a rational jury
could infer an intent to kill or, at minimum, a wanton and willful disregard of the likelihood of
death or great bodily harm. See People v Lawton, 196 Mich App 341, 350-351; 492 NW2d 810
(1992); People v Goecke, 457 Mich 442, 463; 579 NW2d 868 (1998). For these reasons, we

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conclude the prosecutor presented sufficient evidence at trial to convince a reasonable jury that
defendant was guilty of the offenses of first-degree murder and AWIM.
C. SELF-DEFENSE
Lastly, defendant claims that he properly established a claim of self-defense and that the
prosecution summarily failed to refute his defense. Under the common law, a claim of self-defense
permits a defendant to justify criminal conduct “if the defendant honestly and reasonably believes
his life is in imminent danger or that there is a threat of serious bodily harm and that it is necessary
to exercise deadly force to prevent such harm to himself.” People v Dupree, 486 Mich 693, 707;
788 NW2d 399 (2010) (quotation marks and citation omitted). A proper claim of self-defense can
extend beyond murder or manslaughter to crimes such as assault and battery. Id. Additionally,
“unless attacked inside one’s own home, or subjected to a sudden, fierce, and violent attack, a
person has a common-law duty to retreat, if possible, as far as safely possible.” People v Allen,
___ Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW3d ___ (2025) (Docket No. 352625); slip op at 5 (quotation
marks and citation omitted). The Self-Defense Act (SDA), MCL 780.971 et seq., “modified the
common law’s duty to retreat” but still requires, to justify the use of deadly force, that “[t]he
individual honestly and reasonably believes that the use of deadly force is necessary to prevent the
imminent death of or imminent great bodily harm to himself or herself or to another individual.”
Allen, ___ Mich App at ___; slip op at 5 (quotation marks and citation omitted); see MCL
780.972(1)(a). When there is some evidence that would allow a jury to conclude the defendant
acted in lawful self-defense, the burden falls to the prosecution to disprove the defense beyond a
reasonable doubt. People v Reese, 491 Mich 127, 155; 815 NW2d 85 (2012).
Here, there was sufficient evidence presented at trial to disprove defendant’s self-defense
claim beyond a reasonable doubt—namely, to disprove that he used deadly force with the honest
and reasonable belief that doing so was necessary to prevent his imminent death or great bodily
harm. According to defendant, “he only fired his weapon, in fear for his life, after Andre Willis
pointed a gun at him.” Defendant further claimed “he only resumed firing after Daniel Stubbs and
someone else at the party fired at him.” The evidence at trial, however, demonstrated that, other
than allegedly pointing a gun at defendant, Willis took no further threatening action; he did not
say any additional threatening words, follow defendant after he walked back toward his home, or
fire at him at any point. Defendant claimed that he was unsure if Willis had ammunition that could
pierce the walls of his home. But whether defendant honestly and reasonably believed this was a
question of credibility for the jury, and we see no grounds to disrupt that credibility assessment on
appeal. See Oros, 502 Mich at 239 (“[A] reviewing court is required to draw all reasonable
inferences and make credibility choices in support of the jury verdict.”) (quotation marks and
citation omitted); Kenny, 332 Mich App at 403 (“[A]n appellate court must not interfere with the
jury’s role in assessing the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses.”). Indeed,
the record is void of evidence that it was reasonable for defendant to suspect that Willis had such
ammunition or would attempt to fire at defendant while he was inside of his home. Defendant
testified he had ample time, between when Willis pointed a gun at him and when he shot Willis
and Thirkield, to retreat into his home, recover his firearm, load it, and return to Willis’s car.
Viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, that testimony does not assist defendant in
his claim. Indeed, coupled with the evidence presented at trial, the jury had sufficient evidence to
conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant’s decision to reengage with and open fire on

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Willis and Thirkield was not justified by any honest and reasonable belief of its imminent
necessity.
Similarly, although defendant claimed that partygoers from across the street fired at him
first, there was evidence presented at trial to the contrary, all of which was for the jury to weigh
and assess. See Oros, 502 Mich at 239; Kenny, 332 Mich App at 403. The evidence also showed
that defendant positioned himself on his roof and fired numerous shots across the street. Viewed
in the light most favorable to the prosecution, this evidence was likewise sufficient to permit the
jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant did not open fire on these individuals
out of any honest and reasonable belief of its imminent necessity, and that his use of such deadly
force was not justified.
Affirmed.
/s/ Michelle M. Rick
/s/ Christopher P. Yates
/s/ Philip P. Mariani

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