Access Energy Cooperative and Lomont Molding, LLC v. Rubey Lawn Care, LLC

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 24-0671
Filed April 9, 2025

ACCESS ENERGY COOPERATIVE and LOMONT MOLDING, LLC,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,

vs.

RUBEY LAWN CARE, LLC,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Henry County, Clinton R. Boddicker,

Judge.

A defendant appeals the judgment entered for the plaintiffs on a negligence

claim. AFFIRMED.

William H. Larson of Klass Law Firm, L.L.P., Sioux City, for appellant.

David J. Hellstern of Sullivan & Ward, P.C., West Des Moines, for appellee.

Considered without oral argument by Schumacher, P.J., and Badding and

Chicchelly, JJ.
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CHICCHELLY, Judge.

Rubey Lawn Care, LLC (Rubey Lawn) appeals the judgment awarding

damages to Access Energy Cooperative (Access Energy) and Lomont Molding,

LLC (Lomont) for damages to an electrical transformer. Rubey Lawn contends

there is insufficient evidence showing it was negligent under the doctrine of res

ipsa loquitor. Because there is substantial evidence by which a reasonable person

could determine that Rubey Lawn is more likely responsible for the damage than

not, we affirm.

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

Lomont manufactures moldings and parts at its plant in Mount Pleasant,

which operates twenty-four hours per day, five days per week. A green electrical

transformer owned by Access Energy is located on part of the lawn west of the

plant. The transformer, which sits atop a concrete slab, has a row of evenly spaced

cooling fins running vertically along its south side. The bottom of each fin is about

sixteen and one-half inches above the concrete slab, and each fin extends beyond

the slab by three or four inches. The height of the slab is roughly even with the

surrounding ground.

Rubey Lawn began providing lawn care services to Lomont in 2012 and

was the exclusive provider of that service in 2018. According to its 2018 invoices,

Rubey Lawn mowed the lawn twice, applied weed control and fertilizer, and

trimmed a shrub at the plant in October 2018. The second time it mowed the lawn

was on October 16.

On the morning of November 6, Lomont’s maintenance manager was

outside the plant when he noticed discoloration on the side of the transformer. He
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inspected the transformer and found mineral oil leaking from it. Access Energy

advised Lomont to immediately shut down the plant to prevent potential fires or

explosions. The plant ceased operating for six and one-half hours at $5574.36 per

hour for a total loss of $36,233.34. Access Energy replaced the damaged transfer

at a total cost of $45,267.77.

Lomont and Access Energy sued Rubey Lawn, alleging it had struck and

damaged the transformer’s cooling fin with its lawnmower. Photos taken after the

damage was discovered show the last vertical cooling fin in the row bent and

angled in toward the others. A metal rod that ran the length of the transformer in

front of the cooling fins was also bent and curved directly in front of the damaged

fin. One photo shows a scratch or scuff mark a few inches from the bottom of the

damaged fin and a speck of orange color at the bottom corner. The plaintiffs

alleged the appearance of the orange mark on the green transformer was paint

transfer from the orange lawnmowers used by Rubey Lawn. The plaintiffs also

alleged that nothing else orange in color was used outside at Lomont and nothing

other than Rubey Lawn’s mowers had been around the ground transformer in the

grass yard.

Evidence presented at trial shows the transformer held 414 gallons of

mineral oil at the time of manufacture. It had only 287 gallons left when inspected

by the repair company, a loss of 127 gallons. An Access Energy employee who

saw the leak on the day it was discovered testified that the loss was consistent

with the damage occurring three weeks earlier when Rubey Lawn last mowed the

area.
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Jon Rubey, the owner of Rubey Lawn and the only person to mow around

the transformer in 2018, denied striking the transformer with his lawnmower.

Rubey testified that it was his practice to drive the lawnmower parallel to the

transformer in a direction that would blow the grass clippings away from it. The

non-discharge side of the mower is equipped with a one-inch-thick rubber pad,

which Rubey would rest next to the concrete slab before making a pass along each

side. Rubey avoided driving over the concrete slab because doing so would

damage the mower’s blades, which cost $140 to replace. He also explained that

the mower’s zero-turning radius capability allowed him to maneuver around the

transformer without needing to back up.

Rubey testified about the mower’s dimensions and stated it would not be

possible for the mower to strike the cooling fin. Photos of Rubey’s lawnmower

show paint scratched or scraped away from the metal spindles that rise above the

mower’s front wheels as high as nineteen inches from the ground. Rubey claimed

that the damage occurred on a different job site while using the mower to push

picnic tables out of the way. Rubey also believed that the orange mark visible on

the transformer resulted from rust, not paint.

Photos show that at the time of the leak’s discovery, the grass near the

transformer was dark green. Rubey opined that the grass appeared “a little long”

in the photos. He concluded that the grass was longer because he failed to mow

close enough to the transformer during his October 16 visit. Lomont and Access

Energy claimed the grass near the transformer appears greener because it was

soaked in the leaking mineral oil.
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The district court found Rubey Lawn liable for negligence under the doctrine

of res ipsa loquitor. It entered judgment for Lomont in the amount of $36,233.34

and for Access Energy in the amount of $45,267.77. Rubey Lawn appeals.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

This action was tried at law, so our review is for correction of errors at law.

See Iowa R. App. P. 6.907. “[T]he district court’s findings of fact are binding on us

if they are supported by substantial evidence.” Poller v. Okoboji Classic Cars, LLC,

960 N.W.2d 496, 509 (Iowa 2021). Substantial evidence is evidence that a

reasonable mind would accept as adequate to reach the same finding. Crow v.

Simpson, 871 N.W.2d 98, 105 (Iowa 2015). “We view the evidence in the light

most favorable to the trial court’s judgment.” Brokaw v. Winfield-Mt. Union Cmty.

Sch. Dist., 788 N.W.2d 386, 388 (Iowa 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted).

III. Discussion.

Rubey Lawn challenges the showing that its negligence damaged the

electrical transformer under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitor. To recover on a

negligence claim, a plaintiff must show the defendant owed a duty of care, the

defendant breached that duty, and the breach caused injury. Singh v. McDermott,

2 N.W.3d 422, 425 (Iowa 2024). The fighting issue on appeal is whether the

transformer was damaged by Rubey Lawn’s breach of a duty of care. In resolving

this question, we first look for direct evidence of the defendant’s breach. Id. at 426.

If there is no direct evidence that the defendant’s breach caused damage, the fact

finder can consider if there is circumstantial evidence of negligence. See id. at

427.
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A plaintiff can prove negligence with circumstantial evidence under the

doctrine of res ipsa loquitor. Id. (stating that res ipsa loquitur “is a rule of

circumstantial evidence”). The doctrine permits the fact finder to infer a

defendant’s negligence from the fact of injury when substantial evidence shows

two things. See id. First, substantial evidence must show that “the injury was

caused by an instrumentality under the exclusive control and management of the

defendant.” Id. (citation omitted). Second, substantial evidence must show that

“the occurrence causing the injury is of such a type that in the ordinary course of

things would not have happened if reasonable care had been used.” Id. (citation

omitted). Inferring negligence is allowed when both elements are met, but it is not

required. Id.

Substantial evidence shows that the injury to the transformer would only

occur if reasonable care was not exercised. The transformer’s metal cooling fin

was bent inward, and metal does not ordinarily bend unless some force is exerted.

There is no adequate explanation for the application of such force to the

transformer absent some negligent act.

The fighting question is whether substantial evidence connects Rubey Lawn

to the event that damaged the transformer. See Brewster v. United States, 542

N.W.2d 524, 528–29 (Iowa 1996) (stating that the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur does

not apply if the plaintiff fails to connect the defendant with the negligent event that

caused the injury). “It is never enough for the plaintiff to prove that he was injured

by the negligence of some person unidentified. It is still necessary to make the

negligence point to the defendant.” Town of Reasnor v. Pyland Const. Co., 229

N.W.2d 269, 273 (Iowa 1975). “If the necessary causal evidence is circumstantial,
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it must make plaintiffs’ theory not merely possible but more probable than any other

theory based on the evidence.” Palleson v. Jewell Coop. Elevator, 219 N.W.2d 8,

13 (Iowa 1974). But a plaintiff need not eliminate all other possible causes of the

event with certainty. See Reasnor, 229 N.W.2d at 273. It is enough to show that

overall, the negligent act was more likely than not attributable to the defendant. Id.

The district court found sufficient evidence connecting Rubey Lawn to the

damaged cooling fin. In its ruling, the court restated the evidence that led to that

finding:

• Rubey [Lawn] mowed at Lomont on October 16, 2018, exactly
three weeks before the damage to the transformer was noticed
by [Lomont’s maintenance manager].
• Jon Rubey was the only person to mow the area around the
transformer in 2018.
• No other outdoor work was performed in the area around the
transformer by Lomont, or anyone else, in the weeks leading up
to the discovery of the leak.
• No other equipment owned by Lomont would have left the orange
mark at the point of impact on the transformer.
• Lomont’s only piece of equipment that is used outside and is even
remotely similar to Rubey’s [lawn]mower is a forklift, which is not
used on the side of the building where the transformer is located.
• The mineral oil marks on the transformer indicate that the leak
first started as a spray, accounting for the oil on the transformer
and on the grass below, but that the leak eventually transformed
into a slow drip by the time [the maintenance manager] observed
it sometime later.
• The ongoing slow leak from the transformer, coupled with the fact
that the transformer lost 127 gallons of mineral oil, supports the
conclusion that it took considerable time to lose that amount of
oil. The Court can draw a reasonable inference from this that it
took several weeks for the loss of oil to occur, more than enough
time to support the conclusion that the damage occurred when
Rubey was mowing at Lomont on October 16.
• The bent cooling fin on the left side of the radiator where the
speck of orange paint was found supports the conclusion that a
collision occurred between an instrumentality that was bright
orange in color.
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• The speck of paint and the bent cooling fin supports the
conclusion that the point of impact was where the paint transfer
is seen.
• The [lawn]mower used by [Rubey Lawn] is bright orange in color.
Its orange color appears to be an exact match for the mark at the
point of impact on the damaged transformer. The Court rejects
Rubey’s opinion that the orange mark shown in the Plaintiffs’
photographs is rust.
• The speck of orange paint at the point of impact was about
17 inches off the ground. The rear of the mower measures
17 inches from the ground, and the caster spindles for the
mower’s front wheels measure about 19 inches from the ground.
This makes it possible for the mower to have hit the cooling fin.
The Court rejects Rubey’s contention that it was impossible for
his mower to have struck the transformer. This is especially true
when one accounts for the fact that the mower was traveling on
bumpy, uneven ground which could have caused the front of the
mower to have raised up even higher than 17 inches in the rear
and 19 inches at the front.

When viewed in the light most favorable to the district court’s judgment, a

reasonable person could find it is more likely than not the transformer was

damaged when Rubey Lawn mowed on October 16. Although Rubey Lawn points

to the evidence supporting a different conclusion, the district court either rejected

it or gave more weight to other evidence. We are not free to substitute our findings

for those made by the district court simply because the evidence supports different

inferences. See Walsh v. Nelson, 622 N.W.2d 499, 502 (Iowa 2001). As the trier

of fact, it was the district court’s prerogative to determine which evidence is entitled

to belief. See Claus v. Whyle, 526 N.W.2d 519, 524 (Iowa 1994). We also

recognize that questions of witness credibility are best resolved by the trial court,

which had a better opportunity to evaluate it. See id. Because sufficient evidence

supports the finding that Rubey Lawn was negligent, we affirm.

AFFIRMED.