Charles Buel and Karen Buel v. Shane Schuler and Nationwide Agribusiness Insurance Company

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 23-1814
Filed April 9, 2025

CHARLES BUEL and KAREN BUEL,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,

vs.

SHANE SCHULER and NATIONWIDE AGRIBUSINESS INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Defendants-Appellees.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Polk County, Michael D. Huppert

(dismissal) and Scott D. Rosenberg (summary judgment), Judges.

Plaintiffs seeking damages for a car crash appeal the district court’s

dismissal of their claims against the driver for untimely service and its grant of

summary judgment on their claims against their insurer. AFFIRMED.

Channing L. Dutton, Urbandale, for appellants.

Stefanie J. Thomas-Nichols of Law Offices of John M. Guthrie, Des Moines,

for appellee Nationwide Agribusiness Insurance Company.

Jon A. Vasey and Spencer Vasey Dirth of Elverson Vasey, Des Moines, for

appellee Shane Schuler.

Considered without oral argument by Ahlers, P.J., and Badding and

Langholz, JJ.
2

LANGHOLZ, Judge.

After a speeding driver crashed into the rear of their vehicle, Charles and

Karen Buel sued the driver, Shane Schuler, and their insurance company,

Nationwide Agribusiness Insurance Company. But the Buels failed to serve

Schuler within ninety days, so the district court dismissed their claims against him.

And because the Buels were no longer “legally entitled to recover” against Schuler,

the court granted summary judgment for Nationwide on their underinsured-

motorist claim. The Buels now appeal both rulings.

Although the Buels served Schuler only thirteen days late, they must still

show good cause for any violation of the ninety-day service requirement of our

rules of civil procedure. And on our review, we agree that the Buels have not

shown good cause for failing to serve Schuler by the ninety-day deadline. When

resisting dismissal, the Buels offered only vague descriptions of efforts to serve

Schuler, provided no concrete details about what investigative steps were taken or

when, and could not explain significant gaps between attempts at service.

Because courts may only depart from the ninety-day service requirement when

good cause has been shown, the district court did not err in dismissing the claims

against Schuler.

As for their claim against Nationwide, the Buels failed to preserve error.

None of their arguments on appeal were made to or considered by the district

court. So we cannot consider them for the first time on appeal. We thus affirm the

dismissal of the Buels’ suit.
3

I. Factual Background and Proceedings

In early March 2020, the Buels were driving down a highway when Schuler,

driving at a high rate of speed, crashed into the rear of their vehicle. The Buels

were both injured in the collision. On March 6, 2022, the Buels sued Schuler for

negligence and their insurer, Nationwide, to recover under their underinsured-

motorist policy. The Buels thus had until June 6 to serve the defendants. See

Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.302(3), (5). Nationwide was promptly served with the petition

and original notice, but the Buels struggled to serve Schuler.

A deputy sheriff tried to serve Schuler on March 10 and then again on

March 21, but neither effort was successful—Schuler did not live at that address.

Another deputy tried a new address on May 2, but Schuler did not live there either.

On May 20, the Buels moved to continue a trial scheduling conference set for the

next week, noting the difficulties they were having locating Schuler. The Buels

alerted the court that if they could not locate him, then they anticipated moving for

service by publication later on. The district court promptly granted their motion and

continued the conference.

On June 13, the court sua sponte issued an order alerting the Buels that the

ninety-day service period had run and no return of service for Schuler had been

filed. The order required the Buels to either file a return of service showing Schuler

had been timely served or “file a motion with supporting affidavit stating the good

cause for [their] failure to timely serve” Schuler and “requesting the Court to direct

an alternate manner of service, or to extend the time for an appropriate period of

service, or filing of the return.” The order also warned that if the Buels did not

comply within fourteen days, the case would be dismissed without prejudice.
4

The Buels did not comply with the order. Rather, a week later, they filed a

return of service showing Schuler was served late—on June 17 at a new address.

This was 103 days after the petition was filed and thirteen days after the deadline.

The Buels also filed a “reply” to the court’s order, providing a limited explanation

for the delay—that they used “three different service processes and also utilized

various skip tracing techniques1 to locate and serve Schuler.” The filing was not

accompanied by an affidavit or motion to extend the deadline for service.

Schuler promptly moved to dismiss all claims against him for late—and thus

insufficient—service. See Iowa Rs. Civ. P. 1.302(5), 1.421(1)(c). The Buels

resisted, arguing that their service efforts went beyond relying on the sheriff’s office

and also included hiring a private investigator. They asserted that the investigator

searched for “Schuler through public records search and other search techniques,

including social media,” and ultimately “suggested the third address” where

Schuler was served. And they emphasized that they had previously alerted the

court to the difficulties locating Schuler when they moved to continue the trial

scheduling conference—at the time believing Schuler had “gone underground with

no identifying information about him anywhere.”

After an unreported hearing, the district court dismissed the claims against

Schuler. The court found the Buels’ explanation for the late service wanting—there

was no affidavit from the investigator describing his efforts or showing when he

notified the Buels of Schuler’s correct address. Nor did it find “[v]ague references

1 According to the parties’ filings, “skip tracing” is a term for “tracking down people

who are particularly hard to find” using resources like “property and address
information, criminal background, legal and court history, [and] social media
accounts.”
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to ‘public records search and other search techniques, including social media’”

sufficient to show good cause. What’s more, the court reasoned that there were

“two significant gaps in time when no activity was being undertaken”—they never

tried to serve Schuler between March 22 and May 1, or between May 3 and

June 16. The court thus found no good cause for the late service and dismissed

the claims against Schuler without prejudice.

The Buels moved to reconsider and, for the first time, offered an affidavit of

the investigator. That affidavit provided new facts about the investigator’s actions,

though it lacked concrete dates for when those actions were taken. Still, the

affidavit revealed that the Iowa Department of Transportation was queried on

May 17, and its report contained the address where Schuler was finally served—

thirty-one days later. Beyond the new evidence, the Buels also argued for the first

time that by continuing the trial scheduling conference, the court necessarily

extended the service deadline beyond ninety days. And they urged that because

the statute of limitations had already run, the dismissal was functionally with

prejudice, which was too harsh a consequence for a thirteen-day delay in service.

Schuler resisted reconsideration, pointing out that the Buels were

introducing new facts never brought before the court during the initial motion

proceedings. And he argued that even considering the investigator’s affidavit, it

shows that the Buels were aware of Schuler’s true address within the service

window, but took no steps to serve him until after the deadline passed. The court

summarily denied the motion to reconsider.

Eight months later, Nationwide moved for summary judgment on the Buels’

claim for underinsured-motorist coverage. Nationwide argued that it was only
6

required to provide coverage when a policyholder is “legally entitled to recover

damages from the owner or operator of an . . . underinsured motor vehicle.” Iowa

Code § 516A.1(1) (2022) (emphasis added).2 Relying on an unpublished case

from our court, Nationwide argued that because the Buels could not recover any

damages against Schuler after he was dismissed as a party for untimely service,

Nationwide owed no duty under the policy to provide underinsured-motorist

coverage. See Eikenberry v. Am. Fam. Mut. Ins., No. 22-0329, 2023 WL 152563,

at *2–4 (Iowa Ct. App. Jan. 11, 2023) (dismissing underinsured-motorist claim

against insurer because policyholder was “not legally entitled to recover damages”

against a driver who was dismissed from the action for improper service). The

Buels resisted summary judgment, arguing (1) they could still appeal Schuler’s

dismissal so any arguments arising out of his dismissal were premature, and

(2) Nationwide has not been prejudiced by Schuler’s dismissal because it is only

liable for amounts exceeding Schuler’s insurance coverage.

The district court granted summary judgment for Nationwide. In a concise

ruling, the court stated it had “reviewed Eikenberry” and found “that the conclusions

and rationale in that matter are controlling.” And so it dismissed the claims against

Nationwide. The Buels moved to enlarge the ruling, arguing the court did not

address the interlocutory nature of Schuler’s dismissal. The court denied the

motion. And the Buels now appeal.

2 The Buels’ insurance policy contained materially similar language to the statute.
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II. Failure to Serve Schuler Within Ninety Days

The Buels first argue the district court erred by dismissing Schuler for lack

of service.3 A plaintiff must serve the original notice and a copy of the petition on

all defendants to a civil action within ninety days of filing suit. Iowa R. Civ.

P. 1.302(3), (5). Unless a plaintiff shows good cause, failure to meet that service

deadline results in dismissal without prejudice. See Iowa R. Civ. P. 1.302(5). We

review such dismissals for untimely service for legal error, accepting the district

court’s findings of fact when supported by substantial evidence. See Meier v.

Senecaut, 641 N.W.2d 532, 537 (Iowa 2002).

We begin by clearing some brush. Much of the Buels’ good-cause

argument on appeal relies on evidence never provided to the district court when it

ruled on Schuler’s motion to dismiss. But litigants may not “use a rule 1.904(2)

motion to introduce new evidence.” McKee v. Isle of Capri Casinos, Inc., 864

N.W.2d 518, 525 (Iowa 2015). So we will not consider the new facts injected by

the Buels’ motion to reconsider. Nor will we consider new legal arguments raised

for the first time within that motion. See Winger Contracting Co. v. Cargill, Inc.,

926 N.W.2d 526, 543 (Iowa 2019). So we also do not consider the Buels’ argument

that continuing the trial scheduling conference implicitly extended the ninety-day

service period. Instead, we only review whether the district court erred by finding

the Buels failed to show good cause for serving Schuler thirteen days late.

3 The Buels may appeal the initial order dismissing Schuler because they timely

appealed from the summary-judgment ruling dismissing claims against the last
remaining defendant, Nationwide. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.101(1)(d); Valles v.
Mueting, 956 N.W.2d 479, 483 (Iowa 2021).
8

Service outside the ninety-day window is presumptively abusive and shifts

the burden to the plaintiff to show good cause for the delay. Meier, 641 N.W.2d

at 542. Good cause requires taking “some affirmative action to effectuate service

of process upon the defendant.” Id. (cleaned up). A plaintiff’s “[i]nadvertence,

neglect, misunderstanding, ignorance of the rule or its burden, or half-hearted

attempts at service” do not meet the standard. Id. (cleaned up). Rather, good

cause is most often found when “failure to complete service in timely fashion is a

result of the conduct of a third person,” a defendant evades service, or the plaintiff

otherwise “acted diligently in trying to effect service.” Rucker v. Taylor, 828

N.W.2d 595, 600 (Iowa 2013) (cleaned up). The standard “considers all the

surrounding circumstances, including circumstances that would make it

inequitable for a defendant to successfully move to dismiss.” Id. at 601.

When resisting Schuler’s motion to dismiss for failure to serve, the Buels

offered the following efforts during the ninety-day window: (1) they used the Polk

County Sheriff’s Office to try to serve Schuler at two addresses; (2) they hired a

private investigator who performed a “public records search” and used “other

search techniques, including social media”; and (3) when moving to continue the

trial scheduling conference, they informed the court they were using “various skip

tracing techniques to locate and serve Schuler” and believed that he had “gone

underground with no identifying information about him anywhere.”4

4 While outside the proper motion-to-dismiss record, we note the investigator’s

affidavit confirms that when the Buels represented that there was no information
about Schuler “anywhere,” the Iowa Department of Transportation had already
been queried and that report contained Schuler’s correct address.
9

We agree with the district court that these explanations alone do not rise to

the level of good cause. First, there are significant and unexplained gaps between

attempts at service. After trying on March 10 and March 21, no attempts were

made for the next six weeks. See Meier, 641 N.W.2d at 543 (noting, among other

factors, a roughly six-week gap in efforts to serve the defendant when finding

plaintiff failed to show good cause). And then no attempts were made between

May 3 and June 16. Although the Buels appear to have hired an investigator

during this time, they offered only a vague description of the investigator’s work.

So we do not know what steps were taken to find Schuler, or whether those steps

were taken with due haste. See Crall v. Davis, 714 N.W.2d 616, 621 (Iowa 2006)

(finding no good cause even when plaintiffs learned of correct address only about

two weeks before deadline, sent papers to process server ten days before

deadline, and server did not start attempting service there until four days before

deadline only to discover defendant was away from home). And second, bare

allegations of using various “search techniques” are not enough to prove diligence.

Without more information, we cannot separate the Buels’ efforts from other “half-

baked attempts at service.” Rucker, 828 N.W.2d at 601 (cleaned up).

We acknowledge the Buels’ argument that dismissal is a harsh outcome for

a thirteen-day delay in service. Because the statute of limitations has run, the

without-prejudice dismissal in effect bars any relief from Schuler. See id. at 603

(cautioning courts to avoid applying the good-cause standard “too narrowly”

because “the substantive rights of a plaintiff can be at stake through the application

of a statute of limitations”). Even so, we are not free to disregard the deadlines

and standards set by our rules of civil procedure. See Esterdahl v. Wilson,
10

110 N.W.2d 241, 246 (Iowa 1961). Our ninety-day rule avoids unjust dismissals

by employing the good-cause standard. But if a plaintiff cannot show good cause,

then dismissal is required, no matter how many days outside the rule the defendant

was served. Because the Buels did not meet their burden to show good cause for

serving Schuler outside the timeframe allowed by rule, the district court correctly

dismissed all claims against him.

III. Nationwide’s Liability After Schuler Is Dismissed

The Buels next argue the district court erred by granting summary judgment

for Nationwide. But we cannot consider their arguments because the Buels failed

to preserve error. See Meier, 641 N.W.2d at 537 (“It is a fundamental doctrine of

appellate review that issues must ordinarily be both raised and decided by the

district court before we will decide them on appeal.”).

When Nationwide moved for summary judgment, it argued that the Buels’

underinsured-motorist claim failed under the terms of their policy and Iowa Code

section 516A.1(1) because they were not “legally entitled to recover” against

Schuler after his dismissal from the suit. Nationwide relied on our court’s

unpublished opinion in Eikenberry, which came to the same conclusion under

nearly identical facts. See Eikenberry, 2023 WL 152563, at *2–4. The Buels

resisted summary judgment by arguing that the Schuler’s dismissal was not yet

final since they had a right to appeal and that Nationwide was not prejudiced by

that dismissal. But they do not make these arguments on appeal. Rather, they

now argue that Eikenberry was wrongly decided and that under a proper

interpretation of section 516A.1(1) and their policy’s terms, they were “legally

entitled to recover” even though Schuler was dismissed for untimely service.
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These arguments were never made to the district court. “Nothing is more

basic in the law of appeal and error than the axiom that a party cannot sing a song

to us that was not first sung in trial court.” State v. Rutledge, 600 N.W.2d 324, 325

(Iowa 1999). This error preservation requirement gives the district court an

opportunity to address the error itself “at a time when corrective action can be

taken,” thus conserving judicial and party resources. In re Marriage of Heiar, 954

N.W.2d 464, 470 (Iowa Ct. App. 2020) (cleaned up); see also DeVoss v. State,

648 N.W.2d 56, 60 (Iowa 2002) (“[I]t is unfair to allow a party to choose to remain

silent in the trial court in the face of error, taking a chance on a favorable outcome,

and subsequently assert error on appeal if the outcome in the trial court is

unfavorable.” (cleaned up)). And it ensures that we are acting as a court of

appeals, reviewing a decision already made by the district court after adversarial

testing, rather than considering it for the first time on appeal. See Meier, 641

N.W.2d at 537. Because the Buels make no preserved arguments for our review,

we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment for Nationwide.

AFFIRMED.