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Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
13-OCT-2025
08:04 AM
Dkt. 104 SO

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF THE STATE OF HAWAIʻI

IN THE MATTER OF THE HELEN-EDYTHE RICHARDSON
REVOCABLE LIVING TRUST DATED SEPTEMBER 14, 1987,
AS AMENDED AND RESTATED

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CASE NO. 1CTR-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER
(By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, Wadsworth and Guidry, JJ.)

Petitioner/Objector/Interested Party-Appellant Ninia

Richardson-Aldrich (Ninia), and Objectors/Interested Parties-

Appellants George Naoi Richardson, and Neil Maunakea Richardson

(collectively, the Siblings), appeal from the Circuit Court of
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the First Circuit's (probate court)1: (1) "Order Granting in Part

and Denying in Part [the Siblings'] Petition to (1) Determine

That This Matter Is 'Contested' and for a Written Order

Assigning the Case to the Civil Trials Calendar and (2) Stay the

Sale of the North Shore Property" (Contested Matter/Stay Order),

entered on February 27, 2023; and (2) "Judgment on Order

Granting in Part and Denying in Part [the Siblings'] Petition to

(1) Determine That This Matter Is 'Contested' and for a Written

Order Assigning the Case to the Civil Trials Calendar and (2)

Stay the Sale of the North Shore Property" (Judgment), also

entered on February 27, 2023.

This appeal arises out of a familial dispute over the

sale of a property on the North Shore of Oʻahu (North Shore

Property) owned by the Helen-Edythe Richardson Revocable Living

Trust dated September 14, 1987, as amended and restated (the

Trust). Among other things, the Siblings dispute the validity

of the Trust's provisions, and of decedent/grantor Helen-Edythe

Richardson's (Richardson) last will and testament that

authorizes Petitioner/Trustee-Appellee Pegi Louise Braun

(Trustee) to sell the North Shore Property.

The Siblings raise seven points of error on appeal,

contending that the probate court erred by: (1) "fundamentally

1 The Honorable R. Mark Browning presided.

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misapprehend[ing] the meaning of the term 'may' in [Hawaiʻi

Probate Rules (HPR)] Rule 20(a)"; (2) "concluding [that] it had

properly retained jurisdiction prior to November 25, 2022"; (3)

"concluding that it had not denied the [Siblings] the right to

discovery and/or to request leave to take discovery"; (4)

"finding that the [Siblings] failed to establish factual and

legal bases for their claims"; (5) "only partially amending the

['Order Granting Petition for Authorization to List and Sell

Real Property [DKT. 1]' (Sale Order)] and ['Order Denying

[Ninia's] Petition for Instructions, Filed April 9, 2021 [DKT.

44]' (Instructions Order)]";2 (6) "not staying the sale of the

North Shore Property"; and (7) "denying the [Siblings] their

duly demanded right to trial by jury on all contested matters."

(Emphasis omitted.)

Upon careful review of the record, briefs, and

relevant legal authorities, and having given due consideration

2 The Trustee filed a "Petition for Authorization to List and Sell
Real Property" (Petition to Sell), on February 26, 2021, requesting
authorization to sell the North Shore Property. Ninia subsequently filed a
Petition for Instructions, on April 9, 2021, requesting that the probate
court terminate the Trust, remove the Trustee, and distribute the Trust
assets under the terms of a prior trust document.
In May 2022, the probate court heard the Petition to Sell and the
Petition for Instructions. By minute orders entered on June 3, 2022, the
probate court granted the Trustee's Petition to Sell and denied Ninia's
Petition for Instructions. The probate court entered the written Sale Order
and Instructions Order on July 12, 2022. The Siblings appealed these orders
in August 2022 in case no. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX. This court dismissed that appeal
due to the Siblings' failure to file a jurisdictional statement and an
opening brief.

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to the arguments advanced and the issues raised by the parties,

we resolve the Siblings' points of error as follows.3

(1) Points of error 1 through 5 collectively contend

that the probate court erred in failing to issue a timely

written order, pursuant to HPR Rule 20(a), and that this

precluded the Siblings from timely requesting discovery. We

review the probate court's decision, made pursuant to HPR Rule

20(a), for abuse of discretion. In re Est. of Kam, 110 Hawaiʻi

8, 24, 129 P.3d 511, 527 (2006). We consider points of error 1

through 5 in turn.

First, the Siblings contend that the probate court

erroneously determined it had discretion under HPR Rule 20(a) to

either issue, or refrain from issuing, written orders regarding

its jurisdiction. We review the probate court's interpretation

of court rules de novo. State v. Vaimili, 135 Hawaiʻi 492, 499,

353 P.3d 1034, 1041 (2015). The Siblings misstate the record.

The probate court stated that, under HPR Rule 20(a), it

possessed discretion to either retain jurisdiction over a

3 We decline to address the Siblings' request that this court
"order Judge Browning's recusal." The Siblings' request, which is raised for
the first time on appeal, is untimely. See Off. of Disciplinary Couns. v.
Au, 107 Hawaiʻi 327, 338, 113 P.3d 203, 214 (2005) ("Unless the matters of
disqualification are unknown to the party at the time of the proceeding and
are newly discovered, there can be no excuse for delaying the filing of the
suggestion until after rulings are made in the matter[.]") (citation
omitted). Moreover, the Siblings fail to allege facts or circumstances that
would support their contention that Judge Browning should be disqualified.
See Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 601-7 (2016) (setting forth grounds for
judicial disqualification).

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contested matter or assign it to the civil trials calendar,

which is a correct interpretation of HPR Rule 20(a). See In re

Est. of Kam, 110 Hawaiʻi at 24, 129 P.3d at 527.

Second, the Siblings contend that the probate court

erred by concluding it had properly retained jurisdiction

because the probate court failed to issue a written order of

retention or assignment, pursuant to HPR Rule 20(a), prior to

ruling on the merits of the contested matters.

Here, the Trustee's Petition to Sell and Ninia's

Petition for Instructions were contested matters. HPR Rule 19

provides,

A contested matter is any one in which an objection
has been filed. The contested matter shall be limited to
facts and issues in dispute, and shall not affect other
issues or pleadings before the court with respect to the
same proceeding that are not in dispute, provided that no
party is prejudiced thereby.

Objections were filed in response to both the Trustee's Petition

to Sell and Ninia's Petition for Instructions.

HPR Rule 20(a) describes the procedure to be followed

by the probate court after determining a matter is contested as

follows,

(a) Assignment. The court by written order may retain a
contested matter on the regular probate calendar or may
assign the contested matter to the civil trials calendar of
the circuit court.

Pursuant to HPR Rule 20(a), therefore, the probate court "by

written order" may either retain a contested matter or assign

the matter to the civil trials calendar. (Emphasis added.)

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The commentary to HPR Rule 20(a) provides that "[b]y

requiring a written order of assignment, which would ideally be

a preprinted form, a clear record is created, and the court then

has the opportunity to decide what procedures will be used if

the contested matter is retained." (Emphasis omitted.) The

Hawaiʻi Supreme Court has clarified in In re Elaine Emma Short

Revocable Living Tr. Agreement Dated July 17, 1984, that "HPR

Rule 20 (2010) provides that when a case is contested the

probate court must, through a written order, either assign the

case to the circuit court or retain it." 147 Hawaiʻi 456, 468,

465 P.3d 903, 915 (2020) (emphasis added) (cleaned up).

Therefore, while the rule's use of the term "may"

gives the probate court discretion to retain jurisdiction over a

contested matter, In re Est. of Kam, 110 Hawaiʻi at 24, 129 P.3d

at 527, the probate court must issue a written order of

retention or assignment. We conclude that the probate court

erred in failing to issue such a written order until after

addressing the merits of the contested matters.

Third, the Siblings contend that the probate court's

failure to issue the HPR Rule 20(a) order precluded the Siblings

from requesting leave to take discovery.

In In re Tr. Agreement Dated June 6, 1974, the Hawaiʻi

Supreme Court instructed that,

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To seek discovery, a party must file an objection, which
characterizes the probate court proceeding as a "contested
matter." HPR 19 (2006). Once the proceeding becomes a
contested matter, the probate court must then determine,
pursuant to HPR Rule 20(a), whether to retain the
proceeding on the probate calendar or to assign it to the
civil trial calendar. After the designation of assignment,
if the party wishes to conduct discovery, it must request
that discovery be taken. See HPR Rule 20(d).

145 Hawaiʻi 300, 311, 452 P.3d 297, 308 (2019) (emphasis added)

(footnote omitted).

The Siblings argued at the probate court's May 2022

hearing on the Petition to Sell and Petition for Instructions

that "[they were] being asked to prove a case that [they]

haven't really had a fair opportunity to gather the necessary

evidence for," and that "[they] need to do the discovery to

meaningfully support [their] position and to meaningfully

counter the other side's petition."

We reject the Trustee's contention that Hawaiʻi Rules

of Civil Procedure (HRCP) Rule 81(g) permitted the Siblings to

seek leave to take discovery without a written HPR Rule 20(a)

order. With specific regard to "[d]epositions and discovery,"

HRCP Rule 81(g) provides that "Chapter V of these rules,

relating to depositions and discovery, shall apply to

proceedings listed in subdivision (a) of this Rule 81," which

includes probate proceedings.4

4 HRCP Rule 81(a)(1) provides that, "[e]xcept as expressly
otherwise provided in this Rule 81 or another rule of court, these rules
shall not apply to . . . [p]robate proceedings under chapter 560."

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HRCP Rule 81(g), HPR Rules 19, 20(a), and 20(d), and

the commentary to HPR Rule 20(a) must be read together to

determine the procedures for obtaining discovery in contested

probate cases. We read HRCP Rule 81(g) as applying only after a

probate court has issued an HPR Rule 20(a) written order

retaining jurisdiction of a contested matter. This reading is

consistent with the procedure for obtaining discovery in

contested probate matters set forth in In re Tr. Agreement Dated

June 6, 1974. 145 Hawaiʻi at 310-11, 452 P.3d at 307-08.

On this record, we conclude that the probate court's

failure to timely issue an HPR Rule 20(a) written order

foreclosed the Siblings from following the procedure for

requesting discovery set forth in the HPR. The probate court's

failing in this regard prejudiced the Siblings.

Fourth, relatedly, the Siblings appear to contend that

the probate court erred in ruling on the contested petitions

prior to issuing the HPR Rule 20(a) written order of retention

or assignment. Pursuant to our conclusions set forth supra, we

likewise conclude that the probate court erred by failing to

issue the HPR Rule 20(a) written order prior to ruling on the

merits of the petitions.

Fifth, the Siblings contend that the probate court

erred in concluding that it could cure its failure to timely

issue the HPR Rule 20(a) written order by retroactively: (1)

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amending the Sale Order and Instructions Order to include a

finding that they were contested matters under HPR Rule 20, over

which the probate court retained jurisdiction; and (2) ordering

the parties to submit proposed findings of fact and conclusions

of law on the issues raised in the petitions by December 16,

2022.

We conclude that the probate court's attempted cure

was an insufficient remedy. As discussed supra, the prejudice

to the Siblings, resulting from the probate court's failure to

timely comply with HPR Rule 20(a), was not cured by the probate

court's nunc pro tunc amendments.

For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that the

probate court erred in failing to issue the HPR Rule 20(a)

written order prior to ruling on the merits of the Petition to

Sell and Petition for Instructions, in ruling that its error

could be cured by retroactive amendment of the Sale Order and

Instructions Order, and in ruling that its failure to timely

issue a written order of retention did not prevent the Siblings

from requesting leave to conduct discovery.

(2) Point of error 6 contends that the probate court

erred in denying the Siblings' request to stay the sale of the

North Shore Property. Consistent with our conclusions in

Section (1) supra, we vacate the probate court's denial of the

Siblings request for a stay, and remand the matter to be

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considered through further proceedings consistent with this

summary disposition order.

(3) Point of error 7 contends that the probate court

erred in entering the Judgment without conducting a jury trial

on the contested matters. The Siblings contend that they "have

a constitutional and statutory right to [a] jury trial on all

contested issues," and that Ninia had requested a jury trial.

Article I, section 13 of the Hawaiʻi Constitution

"preserves the right to a jury trial that existed under the

common law of this state at the time that the Hawaiʻi

Constitution went into effect in 1959," in matters "where the

value in controversy shall exceed five thousand dollars." SCI

Mgmt. Corp. v. Sims, 101 Hawaiʻi 438, 446, 71 P.3d 389, 397

(2003) (cleaned up). Pursuant to the Hawaiʻi Uniform Probate

Code, the statutory basis for a right to a jury trial in

informal probate proceedings, such as this,5 is coextensive with

the constitutional right to a jury trial. The Hawaiʻi Uniform

Probate Code provides that, "[i]f duly demanded, a party is

entitled to trial by jury in a formal testacy proceeding and any

proceeding in which any controverted question of fact arises as

5 The probate court denied Ninia's request for a formal testacy
proceeding, which was made pursuant to HRS § 560:3-401 (2018) in case no.
1CLP-XX-XXXXXXX, to probate Richardson's will.

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to which any party has a constitutional right to trial by jury."

HRS § 560:1-306(a) (2018) (emphasis added).

Whether the Siblings are entitled to a jury trial on

the contested petitions therefore turns on whether that right

existed under the common law of Hawaiʻi at the time the Hawaiʻi

Constitution was enacted. The Siblings have not cited, and we

are unaware of, Hawaiʻi case law holding that there is a common

law right to a jury trial in probate matters. Courts in other

jurisdictions have concluded that there is no common law right

to a jury trial in probate proceedings. See 50A C.J.S. Juries §

95 (2025) ("The right to demand a trial by jury in decedent

estate administration proceedings was not given by the common

law, and there generally is no constitutional right to a jury

trial.") (footnotes omitted).

We therefore conclude that the Siblings are not

entitled to a jury trial on the contested petitions, and that

the probate court did not err in entering the Judgment without

conducting a jury trial.

For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the probate

court's Contested Matter/Stay Order, and the Judgment. We

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remand for further proceedings consistent with this summary

disposition order.

DATED: Honolulu, Hawaiʻi, October 13, 2025.

On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Presiding Judge
Robert G. Klein,
for Petitioner/Objector/ /s/ Clyde J. Wadsworth
Interested Party-Appellant Associate Judge
Ninia Richardson-Aldrich and
Objectors/Interested Parties- /s/ Kimberly T. Guidry
Appellants George Naoi Associate Judge
Richardson and Neil Maunakea
Richardson.

Margery S. Bronster,
for Petitioner/Trustee-
Appellee.