Tripathy v. Schneider et al

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
Sanjay Tripathy,
Plaintiff,
v.
Andrea N. Schneider, et al.,
Defendants.
DECISION and ORDER
21-cv-6339-FPG-MJP
APPEARANCES
For Plaintiff: 	Sanjay Tripathy, pro se
2013 Jadewood Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
For Defendants: 	Muditha Halliyadde, Esq.
Assistant Attorney General
Office of the Attorney General
Rochester Regional Office
144 Exchange Blvd, Ste 200
Rochester, NY 14614
INTRODUCTION
Pedersen, M.J. Defendants move for an award of fees stem-
ming from my earlier decision and order denying pro se Plaintiff Sanjay
Tripathy’s motion to compel. (D&O, ECF No. 182, Oct. 18, 2024.) De-
fendants seek $2,250 in fees. (Halliyadde Decl. ¶ 5, ECF No. 188, Oct.
25, 2024.) Tripathy opposes. (ECF No. 199, Nov. 22, 2024.) Although
Tripathy is unrepresented, because I gave him adequate warning of the
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possibility of fees, I GRANT Defendants’ application for fees. However,
I have determined that I will award a reduced amount of fees.
BACKGROUND
In my most recent decision and order, I ruled on Tripathy’s mo-
tion to compel. I found that Tripathy’s continued discovery requests and
his motion to compel discovery about “illegal substances” warranted im-
position of attorneys’ fees.1 (D&O at 21–23, ECF No. 182, Oct. 18, 2024.)
I denied the balance of Tripathy’s motion for failure to include the certi-
fication required under Rule 37(a)(1). (Id. at 18–20.) My authority for
imposing fees thus comes from Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(B) because Trip-
athy lost his motion to compel in full.
Earlier in this case, I denied Defendants’ request for attorneys’
fees on a similar discovery motion (involving similar discovery requests)
that Tripathy lost. (Order, ECF No. 121, May 29, 2024.) I found that
Tripathy’s pro se status would shield him from mandatory attorneys’
fees under Rule 37. (Id. at 4.) But I noted that “[i]f Defendants bring
discovery motions in the future, though, the Court will be inclined to
award attorneys’ fees” to Defendants. (Id.) So, I warned Tripathy that
he could face attorneys’ fees down the road.
1 Despite making this finding, below, I respond to Tripathy’s arguments
against an award of fees.
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APPLICABLE LAW
The Second Circuit directs district courts “to bear in mind all of
the case-specific variables that we and other courts have identified as
relevant to the reasonableness of attorney[s’] fees in setting a reasonable
hourly rate.” Arbor Hill Concerned Citizens Neighborhood Ass’n v.
County of Albany, 522 F.3d 182, 190 (2d Cir. 2008) (emphasis in origi-
nal). The “starting point,” however, is a calculation of the “lodestar” fig-
ure. Millea v. Metro-North R. Co., 658 F.3d 154, 166 (2d Cir. 2011)
(“While the lodestar is not always conclusive, its presumptive reasona-
bility means that, absent extraordinary circumstances, failing to calcu-
late it as a starting point is legal error.”). It is the starting point because
“the Supreme Court’s directive that fee award calculations be ‘objective
and reviewable,’ implies [that] the district court should at least provide
the number of hours and hourly rate it used to produce the lodestar fig-
ure.” Id. at 166–67 (alteration added) (quoting Perdue v. Kenny A. ex rel.
Winn, 559 U.S. 542, 555 (2010)).
Courts calculate the “lodestar” figure by “multiply[ing] ‘the num-
ber of hours reasonably expended’ by a ‘reasonable hourly rate.’” Schnei-
der on behalf of A.T. v. City of Buffalo, No. 18-CV-1431V(SR), 2021 WL
5042502, at *3 (W.D.N.Y. Oct. 29, 2021) (alteration added) (quoting
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433 (1983)). Once calculated, there
is a “strong presumption” that the lodestar figure is reasonable, but this
presumption “may be overcome in those rare circumstances in which the
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lodestar does not adequately take into account a factor that may
properly be considered in determining a reasonable fee.” Ceglia v. Zuck-
erberg, No. 10-CV-00569A F, 2012 WL 503810, at *4 n.6 (W.D.N.Y. Feb.
14, 2012) (citing Perdue, 559 U.S. at 554); see also McPhaul v. Insight
Mgmt. Partners, No. 1:19-CV-1392, 2022 WL 542534, at *2 (W.D.N.Y.
Feb. 23, 2022) (“Generally, the ‘lodestar’ creates a presumptively rea-
sonable fee, guided by the Arbor Hill factors.”).
Courts may additionally consider the Arbor Hill factors to deter-
mine if the lodestar method has produced a reasonable fee. See McPhaul,
2022 WL 542534, at *3 (“The court may then adjust the lodestar amount,
factoring in the Arbor Hill considerations.”). Finally, given “the district
court’s familiarity with the quality of representation and the extent of
the litigation, the decision whether to award fees and the amount of fees
awarded are issues generally confined to the sound discretion of the
court.” Cush-Crawford v. Adchem Corp., 94 F. Supp. 2d 294, 301
(E.D.N.Y. 2000), aff’d, 271 F.3d 352 (2d Cir. 2001) (citing Gierlinger v.
Gleason, 160 F.3d 858, 876 (2d Cir. 1998)).
DISCUSSION
Attorneys’ fees are warranted here because Tripathy lost his mo-
tion to compel. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(B) (“If the motion is denied, the
court may issue any protective order authorized under Rule 26(c) and
must, after giving an opportunity to be heard, require the movant, the
attorney filing the motion, or both to pay the party or deponent who
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opposed the motion its reasonable expenses incurred in opposing the
motion, including attorney’s fees.”). Tripathy had the opportunity to be
heard by submitting opposition. I thus turn to Defendants’ application
for fees.
Defendants provide inadequate documentation.
Documentation is generally considered when analyzing reasona-
ble hours billed. See, e.g., Martinez v. City of New York, 330 F.R.D. 60,
71–72 (E.D.N.Y. 2019); Godson v. Eltman, Eltman & Cooper, P.C., 328
F.R.D. 35, 62–63 (W.D.N.Y. 2018). I discuss documentation separately
given the unique issue of awarding fees to the New York State Attorney
General’s Office. To calculate any fee, the “requesting party” must “sub-
mit evidence supporting the number of hours worked and the hourly rate
claimed.” New York v. Grand River Enterprises Six Nations, Ltd., No.
14-CV-910A(F), 2021 WL 4958653, at *2 (W.D.N.Y. Oct. 26, 2021) (citing
Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433).
To satisfy this requirement, attorneys “should include ‘contempo-
raneously created time records that specify, for each attorney, the date,
the hours expended, and the nature of the work done.’” Schneider, 2021
WL 5042502, at *3 (quoting Kirsch v. Fleet St., Ltd., 148 F.3d 149, 173
(2d Cir. 1998)). But as I have found, “while contemporaneous time rec-
ords are ordinarily required for an award of fees, alternative methods of
calculating such fees may be utilized where such records are not ordi-
narily maintained.” Equal Emp. Opportunity Comm’n v. Green Lantern
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Inn, 	Inc., 	No. 	19-CV-06704-FPG-MJP, 	2022 	WL 	1467820, 	at 	*6
(W.D.N.Y. May 10, 2022) (quoting S.E.C. v. Smith, 798 F. Supp. 2d 412,
439 (N.D.N.Y. 2011)).
Here, the Attorney General’s office prepared an exhibit showing
the dates counsel worked on this case, the amount of time billed, and
the tasks performed. (Halliyadde Decl. ¶ 4 & Ex. A, ECF No. 188.) While
this is not a contemporaneously created time record, I understand that
because the Attorney General’s office is a government agency only an
estimate of time may be available. Still, I note that counsel has not in-
cluded any statement of why her timekeeping is accurate. By contrast,
in Green Lantern Inn, I found sufficient documentation by a government
agency where the agency attorney stated that her “estimate [was] based
on my review of my files, my Westlaw research history, my calendar
during the relevant period of time, and my experience … of conducting
legal 	research 	and 	drafting 	briefs.” 	Green 	Lantern 	Inn, 	2022 	WL
1467820, at *6 (alteration added).
Because counsel has not stated her method of calculating such
fees, I decline to award the full amount of fees. However, I find that
counsel provided sufficient evidence supporting the number of hours she
worked to warrant an award of a reduced amount of fees.
Defendants’ proposed hourly rate is reasonable.
About her hourly rate, Defendants’ counsel states: “I am an expe-
rienced litigator in state and federal court, having practiced law for
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approximately eight years, three of which I have spent litigating civil
rights cases at the New York State Office of the Attorney General
(“OAG”) in Rochester.” (Halliyadde Decl. ¶ 6, ECF No. 188.) Counsel
asks for a rate of $250 per hour. I find this rate reasonable.
“[D]etermination of a reasonable hourly rate ‘contemplates a
case-specific inquiry into the prevailing market rates for counsel of sim-
ilar experience and skill to the fee applicant's counsel,’ an inquiry that
may ‘include judicial notice of the rates awarded in prior cases and the
court’s own familiarity with the rates prevailing in the district.’” Town-
send v. Benjamin Enters., Inc., 679 F.3d 41, 59 (2d Cir. 2012) (alteration
added) (quoting Farbotko v. Clinton County, 433 F.3d 204, 209 (2d Cir.
2005)). Such market rates “should be current rather than historic hourly
rates.” Reiter v. MTA N.Y.C. Transit Auth., 457 F.3d 224, 232 (2d Cir.
2006) (cleaned up) (quoting Gierlinger, 160 F.3d at 882).
In past cases, this Court has found rates of $200 to $250 appro-
priate for newer attorneys. See, e.g., Grand River Enterprises, 2021 WL
4958653, at *4 (finding a $200 per hour rate reasonable in the Western
District for newer attorneys); see also DIRECTV, LLC v. Wright, No.
1:15-CV-00474-FPG, 2020 WL 289156, at *2 (W.D.N.Y. Jan. 21, 2020)
(finding that $250 is reasonable for associate attorney with six or seven
years of experience). As an attorney with eight years of experience, De-
fendants’ counsel is not a “newer attorney” under my reading of relevant
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case law. Rather, she is at approximately the level of an experienced
associate. Indeed, this Court recently found a higher hourly rate appro-
priate for an attorney with the same amount of experience. See Bd. of
Trustees of Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers Loc. 3, New York (Roches-
ter Chapter) Pension Fund v. Upstate Specialty Coatings LLC, No. 23-
CV-06250-FPG, 2024 WL 376652, at *8 (W.D.N.Y. Feb. 1, 2024) (award-
ing $285 to a junior attorney with eight years’ experience). Thus, I find
Defendants’ counsel’s proposed rate reasonable.
Defendants’ counsel’s proposed rate is likewise reasonable be-
cause “fees awarded as sanctions are not intended only as compensation
of reimbursement for legal services, but also serve to deter abusive liti-
gation practices.” Ceglia, 2012 WL 503810, at *7. For these reasons, I
find that a $250 hourly rate is “a reasonably rate that is in line with
those prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of rea-
sonably comparable skill, experience and reputation.” Green Lantern
Inn, Inc., 2022 WL 1467820, at *8.
Defendants’ hours expended are reasonable but lack some neces-
sary detail.
Next, I must consider the “reasonable number of hours required
by the case.” Millea, 658 F.3d at 166. “To determine the reasonableness
of the hours spent on the litigation, the court must make ‘a conscientious
and detailed inquiry into the validity of the representations that a cer-
tain number of hours were usefully and reasonably expended.’” Godson,
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328 F.R.D. at 63 (quoting McLaughlin v. IDT Energy, No. 14CV4107EN-
VRML, 2018 WL 3642627, at *18 (E.D.N.Y. July 30, 2018)). “The rele-
vant issue, however, is not whether hindsight vindicates an attorney's
time expenditures, but whether, at the time the work was performed, a
reasonable attorney would have engaged in similar time expenditures.”
Grant v. Martinez, 973 F.2d 96, 99 (2d Cir. 1992).
I am persuaded that Defendants generally seek compensation
only for hours that were “reasonably necessary.” Martinez, 330 F.R.D.
at 72 (quoting Louis Vuitton Malletier, S.A. v. LY USA, Inc., 676 F.3d
83, 111 (2d Cir. 2012)). In reviewing Defendants’ time spent, (Halliyadde
Decl. Ex. A, ECF No. 188), I find the total hours expended reasonable
based on the type of motion involved here and the large number of dis-
covery requests involved. But I note that many entries lack detail about
the specific portion of the motion that Defendants’ counsel was address-
ing.
Here, I exercise my discretion “to deduct a reasonable percentage
of the number of hours claimed as a practical means of trimming fat
from a fee application.” Schneider, 2021 WL 5042502, at *3 (quoting
Kirsch, 148 F.3d at 173). This is appropriate where, as here, “entries on
a time sheet are vague or duplicative or otherwise insufficient[.]” Mar-
tinez, 330 F.R.D. at 72 (quoting T.S. Haulers, Inc. v. Cardinale, No. 09
CV 451, 2011 WL 344759, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 31, 2011)). Given the
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vague time entries and insufficient documentation that I discussed
above, I reduce the fee award by a total of 25%.
Tripathy’s arguments against a fee award are unavailing.
In a document that appears to contain a good deal of cut-and-
paste from other filings in this case, Tripathy opposes Defendants’ ap-
plication for fees. I begin with this: Opposition to Defendants’ fee appli-
cation is not the place for Tripathy to rehash arguments about his inno-
cence and prosecutorial misconduct. Indeed, formulaic arguments op-
posing attorneys’ fees are dangerous because a fees award “is mandatory
unless one of the conditions for not making an award is found to exist[.]”
Andres 	v. 	Town 	of 	Wheatfield, 	No. 	1:17-CV-00377-CCR, 	2023 	WL
4634836, at *3 (W.D.N.Y. July 20, 2023) (quotation omitted). Arguments
irrelevant to those conditions are unhelpful.
Here, Tripathy does argue that an award of fees would be unjust.
This is one of the exceptions under Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(B). First,
Tripathy states that he has received no “direct income” since July 2016,
when he was indicted on state charges. (Tripathy Decl. ¶ 3, ECF No.
199, Nov. 22, 2024.) Second, he adds—as he does in every filing—that
he “is ProSe [sic], neither a lawyer nor trained in the law, fighting for
his civil rights against Defendants under the color of law, repeatedly
acting unconstitutionally, in both their official and individual capacity.”
(Id. ¶ 4.) Third, Tripathy argues that he “has always tried in good faith
to work with [the] Defense and was also willing to work with DOCCS,
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but it has been procedurally and logistically extremely burdensome to
resolve the issues, without intervention of the Court.” (Mem. of Law at
8 ¶ 8, ECF No. 199.) I take this to mean that a fees award would pose
some burden, although Tripathy is not specific.
I disagree. Tripathy has not applied for in forma pauperis status
in this case. Based on this case and others, he undoubtedly has the fi-
nancial ability to sue and appeal. And he has not argued that he would
be unable to pay Defendants’ attorneys’ fees. Critically, there is no man-
date against requiring a pro se litigant to pay attorneys’ fees. See Keitel
v. D’Agostino, No. 21-CV-8537 (JMF), 2023 WL 3560553, at *4 (S.D.N.Y.
May 19, 2023) (“[C]ourts may order pro se litigants to pay attorneys’ fees
— particularly if they are, as [plaintiff] is, serial litigators. (citation
omitted)); see also, e.g., Martin v. Performance Trans., Inc., No. 17-CV-
6471-DGL-MJP, 2022 WL 831334 (W.D.N.Y. Mar. 21, 2022) (ordering
pro se plaintiff to pay attorneys’ fees based on sanctionable conduct). Fi-
nally, I warned Tripathy in my earlier order that he could have to pay
attorneys’ fees if he lost another discovery motion. On this record, I find
that Tripathy has filed to meet his burden “to avoid assessment of ex-
penses and fees.” Andres, 2023 WL 4634836, at *3 (quotation omitted).
And so, I will impose attorneys’ fees.
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CONCLUSION
For these reasons, I GRANT Defendants’ motion for fees, award-
ing the reduced amount of $1,687.50. This represents a 25% reduction
because of vague time entries and insufficient documentation.
I direct the Clerk of the Court to enter judgment for Defendants
in the amount of $1,687.50 against Tripathy. Tripathy must pay this
amount within 30 days of the date of this order. Failure to do so may
result in additional sanctions, up to and including my recommendation
that the presiding District Judge dismiss this case.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: 	December 18, 2024
Rochester, NY 	/s/ Mark W. Pedersen
MARK W. PEDERSEN
United States Magistrate Judge
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