Doolittle v. Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
MICKY R. DOOLITTLE,
Plaintiff,
v.
HARTFORD FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.,
Defendant.
1:25-cv-00148 (BKS/TWD)
Appearances:
Plaintiff pro se:
Micky R. Doolittle
New Paltz, NY 12561
For Defendant:
Brian P. Downey
Troutman Pepper Locke LLP
100 Market Street, Suite 200
Harrisburg, PA 17101
Hon. Brenda K. Sannes, Chief United States District Judge:
MEMORANDUM-DECISION AND ORDER
I. 	INTRODUCTION
Plaintiff Micky R. Doolittle, proceeding pro se, brings this action against Defendant
Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company,1 arising from Defendant withholding Plaintiff’s
long-term disability benefits. (Dkt. No. 29). Previously, Defendant moved to dismiss Plaintiff’s
1 Plaintiff’s original complaint names “Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.” as the defendant. (See Dkt. No. 2). A
different entity, “Hartford Life and Accident Insurance Company,” responded to Plaintiff’s original complaint and
identified itself as the proper defendant in this action. (See, e.g., Dkt. No. 1, at 1). In its decision granting Defendant’s
motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s original complaint, the Court directed Plaintiff to “address this issue should he choose to
file an amended complaint.” (Dkt. No. 26, at 1 n.1). Plaintiff’s amended complaint now refers to Defendant as Hartford
Life and Accident Insurance Company. (Dkt. No. 29). The Court directs the Clerk of Court to amend the caption to
change the Defendant from “Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.” to “Hartford Life and Accident Insurance
Company.”
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complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), for failure to state a claim upon which
relief can be granted. The Court granted Defendant’s motion because Plaintiff’s state law claims
for breach of contract and bad faith are expressly preempted by the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. § 1001, et seq. (Dkt. No. 26). Plaintiff has
amended his complaint, (Dkt. No. 292), and Defendant moves to dismiss his claims on the same
grounds. (Dkt. No. 31). Presently before the Court is that motion, which has been fully briefed.
(Dkt. Nos. 31, 34, 36). For the following reasons, Defendant’s motion is granted in part and
denied in part.
II. 	FACTS3
Plaintiff alleges that he “was receiving long-term disability payment benefits from
Hartford since December 6, 2016.” (Dkt. 29, at 1). A January 10, 2018 letter from Defendant to
Plaintiff states that his gross monthly benefit is $2,500 and his benefit end date is March 17,
2046 “provid[ed] that his claim remains medically supported.” (Dkt. No. 2, at 31). Plaintiff has
submitted a form captioned “LTD Payment Options and Reimbursement Agreement for Social
Security Benefits,” dated and signed on October 20, 2016, in which he checked a box seeking to
be paid his monthly LTD disability payments “with no reduction for Social Security Benefits.”
(Id. at 17). The form states “I understand that this may result in an overpayment to my LTD
benefits which I will be required to refund to the Hartford in a lump sum.” (Id.).
2 Plaintiff resubmitted his amended complaint, with the addition of a cover letter stating, “I have already submitted
[an amended complaint] but I have not heard an answer back and I feel maybe I did it incorrectly . . . I am sending the
amended complaint with a cover sheet which is what I feel maybe [sic] missing.” (Dkt. No. 30, at 1). The Court
received Plaintiff’s amended complaint, (Dkt. No. 29), and will cite to that document, (Dkt. No. 29), which appears
to be identical to his submission at (Dkt. No. 30), except for the absence of the cover letter.
3 The facts are drawn from Plaintiff’s amended complaint, (Dkt. No. 29), and exhibits which Plaintiff attached to his
original complaint, (Dkt. No. 2). In light of Plaintiff’s pro se status, the Court is considering the exhibits he attached
to his original complaint, (Dkt. No. 2), even though he failed to attach them to his amended complaint, (Dkt. No. 29).
See Wagner v. Copenhagen Cent. Sch. Dist., No. 25-cv-000659, 2026 WL 60750, at *1 n.1, 2026 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
3024, at *2 n.1 (N.D.N.Y. Jan. 8, 2026). The Court assumes the truth of and draws all reasonable inferences from the
well-pleaded factual allegations. Faber v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 648 F.3d 98, 104 (2d Cir. 2011).
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Plaintiff appears to have received a Social Security disability retroactive check in the
amount of $31,000 on April 4, 2022. (Id. at 39, 51). Defendant informed Plaintiff that there was
an overpayment on his account in the amount of $31,880. (Id. at 55). Plaintiff alleges that he and
Defendant’s representative “entered [into] a verbal agreement,” on April 1, 2022. (Dkt. No. 29,
at 1). Plaintiff believed that he would pay Defendant $10,000 “under the agreement that a
payback provision4 that [Defendant] say[s] I owe[d] them would be settled in full.” (Id. at 3).
Plaintiff says that he mailed Defendant a $10,000 check “marked paid in full.” (Id.). He alleges
that Defendant “[c]ashed the check without any protest or a notation on the back of the check
[s]tating that the terms are not agreed upon.” (Id.). The day after Defendant cashed Plaintiff’s
check, Plaintiff was paid “the next installment of $545 to [his] account as scheduled,” but that
“[t]he next payment did not show up into [his] checking account as scheduled and none ha[ve]
since.” (Id. at 1,3).
Plaintiff seeks judgment damages “in the sum of $10,000 and any compensatory
damages, punitive damages, and interest” (Id. at 2).
III. 	STANDARD OF REVIEW
To survive a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim, “a
complaint must provide ‘enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
Mayor and City Council of Balt. v. Citigroup, Inc., 709 F.3d 129, 135 (2d Cir. 2013) (quoting
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). The plaintiff must provide factual
allegations sufficient “to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Id. (quoting
4 It is not clear what Plaintiff means by the “payback provision.” Defendant has submitted a group insurance policy
with a provision governing “Overpayment Recovery,” which permits Defendant to recover overpayments from, inter
alia, Social Security disability benefits. (Dkt. No. 31-3 at 19). Plaintiff appears to dispute whether this is the applicable
contract, (Dkt. No. 34, at 2) (“The defendant has put forth two different contracts and its original response which
neither had my signature. The contract that is in my possession that I have also put forth into evidence . . . also does
not have my signature.”), and the Court does not consider it for the purposes of this motion.
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Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). The Court must accept as true all factual allegations in the complaint
and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor. See EEOC v. Port Auth., 768 F.3d 247,
253 (2d Cir. 2014) (citing ATSI Commc’ns, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd., 493 F.3d 87, 98 (2d Cir.
2007)). However, “the tenet that a court must accept as true all of the allegations contained in a
complaint is inapplicable to legal conclusions.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
“[W]here, as here, a plaintiff is proceeding pro se, the complaint must be considered
under a more lenient standard than that accorded ‘formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.’”
Harrison v. New York, 95 F. Supp. 3d 293, 313 (E.D.N.Y. 2015) (citation omitted). A pro se
plaintiff’s complaint is to be liberally construed “to raise the strongest arguments that it
suggests.” Costabile v. N.Y.C. Health & Hosps. Corp., 951 F.3d 77, 80 (2d Cir. 2020) (citation
omitted). “Nonetheless, a pro se complaint must state a plausible claim for relief.” Darby v.
Greenman, 14 F.4th 124, 128 (2d Cir. 2021) (quoting Walker v. Schult, 717 F.3d 119, 124 (2d
Cir. 2013)).
IV. 	DISCUSSION
Plaintiff asserts the same state law causes of action that he raised in his original
complaint, (compare Dkt. No. 2 with Dkt. No. 29), which are expressly preempted under ERISA,
as the Court explained in its previous decision. (See Dkt. No. 26). While the Court warned
Plaintiff that “[a]n amended complaint alleging breach of contract or bad faith would be futile in
this case,” the Court noted that it could not say whether filing an amended complaint asserting a
claim pursuant to ERISA under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B) would be futile. (Id. at 13). Section
502(a)(1)(B) of ERISA, 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B), allows a participant in an employee benefit
plan governed by ERISA to bring a cause of action “to recover benefits due to him under the
terms of his plan.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B).
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Here, construing the allegations in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, he appears to
have received $31,000 in Social Security disability benefits, (Dkt. No. 2, at 39), but only repaid
Defendant $10,000 before it stopped paying him disability benefits, (see Dkt. No. 29, at 1, 3).
Plaintiff alleges that when he provided Defendant with the $10,000 check in April 2022,
Defendant “paid [him] the next installment of $545 to [his] account as scheduled” but that “[t]he
next payment did not show up into [his] checking account as scheduled and none ha[ve] since.”
(Id. at 3) (emphasis added). Forty-two months have passed between when Plaintiff alleges that he
received his last benefit payment from Defendant to the date that he filed his amended complaint,
October 27, 2025. In other words, Plaintiff appears to allege that Defendant has withheld
$22,890, equal to forty-two monthly payments of $545, when the total overpayment that
remained was only $21,880. (See Dkt. No. 2, at 55).
Construing the amended complaint liberally “to raise the strongest claims that it
suggests,” see Hill v. Curcione, 657 F.3d 116, 122 (2d Cir. 2011) (citation modified), it is
plausible that Defendant has recovered Plaintiff’s overpayment and that his benefit payments
have not continued. On this record, the Court cannot conclude as a matter of law that Plaintiff
does not have a cause of action under Section 502(a)(1)(B) of ERISA, 29 U.S.C. §
1132(a)(1)(B). For that reason, Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s amended complaint is
denied.5
V. 	CONCLUSION
For these reasons, it is hereby
5 The Court notes that there is no support for Plaintiff’s argument regarding an ambiguity in the policy, or the effective
vindication doctrine. (See Dkt. No. 29, at 5–6). Plaintiff has not submitted a purportedly ambiguous policy provision,
and the Court has not considered the policy provided by Defendant, in light of Plaintiff’s apparent objection. (See Dkt.
No. 34, at 2). The effective vindication doctrine has been applied “to invalidate arbitration agreements that purport to
waive enforcement of federal statutory rights.” Cedeno v. Sasson, 100 F.4th 386, 396 (2d Cir. 2024). Here, there is no
such agreement and that doctrine does not apply.
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ORDERED that Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s causes of action for breach of
contract and bad faith is GRANTED and that those causes of action are DISMISSED with
prejudice; and it is further
ORDERED that Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Dkt. No. 31) is DENIED insofar that
Plaintiff’s amended complaint (Dkt. No. 29) alleges a claim under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(1)(B);
and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of Court is directed to amend the case caption to substitute
Defendant from “Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.” to “Hartford Life and Accident
Insurance Company”; and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of Court shall provide Plaintiff with copies of the unpublished
decisions cited in this Memorandum Decision and Order.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: February 2, 2026
Syracuse, New York
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