2:26-cr-00084•USA v. Luis-Azamar
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Case 2:26-cr-00084-SHD
Document 74 Filed 06/05/26
Page 1 of 5
WO
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
United States of America,
Plaintiff,
V.
Isaac Luis-Azamar, Defendant.
No. CR-26-00084-001-PHX-SHD ORDER
Before me is Defendant Isaac Luis-Azamar's Emergency Motion for a Status Conference, Motion for Appointment of Counsel, Motion to Compel Immunity, Motion for Emergency Deposition, and Motion to Dismiss. (Doc. 65.) On June 4, 2026, I granted some of the relief Defendant requested, (see Doc. 66), and on June 5, 2026, I held a hearing to discuss the remaining issues, (see Doc. 72). This Order addresses only the Motion to Compel Immunity (the "Immunity Motion")-Defendant's request that I compel the Government to grant use immunity to defense witness Silas Luis-Castro under 18 U.S.C. § 6001. Based on the parties' briefing and the argument presented at the hearing, and for the reasons set forth below, I will deny the Immunity Motion.
I. LEGAL STANDARD
The decision whether to immunize a witness is committed to the Executive branch. See 18 U.S.C. § 6003(b). "A criminal defendant is not entitled to compel the government to grant immunity to a witness." United States v. Whitehead, 200 F.3d 634, 640 (9th Cir. 2000) (quoting United States v. Westerdahl, 945 F.2d 1083, 1086 (9th Cir. 1991)). The
AUTHENTICATED U.S. GOVERNMENT INFORMATION GPO
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Ninth Circuit recognizes a narrow exception under which a defendant must show (1) that the witness's testimony is relevant, and (2) either (a) the prosecution intentionally caused the witness to invoke the Fifth Amendment for the purpose of distorting the fact-finding process, or (b) the prosecution granted immunity to a government witness in order to obtain the witness's testimony, but denied immunity to a defense witness whose testimony would have directly contradicted that of the government witness, with the effect of so distorting the fact-finding process that the defendant was denied the due process right to a fundamentally fair trial. United States v. Straub, 538 F.3d 1147, 1162 (9th Cir. 2008); United States v. Wilkes, 744 F.3d 1101, 1105 (9th Cir. 2014).
II. DISCUSSION
The sole authority Defendant cites in the Immunity Motion is 18 U.S.C. § 6001. (Doc. 65 at 3-4.) That statute does not authorize the relief Defendant seeks. Section 6001 is the definitions provision of the federal immunity statute, and the operative provisions, 18 U.S.C. §§ 6002 and 6003, set out the procedure by which a United States Attorney, with the approval of the Attorney General, may request a court order conferring use immunity on a witness. The statute is the mechanism by which the Government immunizes its own witnesses; it does not authorize a defendant to compel the Government to confer immunity on a defense witness, nor does it authorize a court to do so on the Government's behalf. See 18 U.S.C. § 6003(b).
It became clear at the hearing on June 5, 2026, that Defendant in fact proceeds under the judicially recognized narrow exception to the Government's immunity prerogative articulated in Straub-specifically, the first alternative under that case's second prong- - and that Defendant relies principally on Whitehead. Neither case supports the relief Defendant requests.
I assume without deciding that Mr. Luis-Castro's anticipated testimony satisfies the minimal relevance requirement. See United States v. Wilkes, 662 F.3d 524, 533-34 (9th Cir. 2011). Defendant has not, however, established the first alternative under the second prong on which he relies, and the second alternative is plainly inapplicable.
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Case 2:26-cr-00084-SHD
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addressed by separate order in due course.
Dated this 5th day of June, 2026.
Honorable Sharad H. Desai United States District Judge
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