Richard Leirer v. Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles Compliance Unit

The Honorable Karl S. Forester, Senior United States District Judge for the Eastern District*
of Kentucky, sitting by designation.
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 07a0643n.06
Filed: August 31, 2007
No. 06-3645
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
RICHARD LEIRER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
OHIO BUREAU OF MOTOR VEHICLES
COMPLIANCE UNIT, et al.,
Defendants-Appellants.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
C O U R T F O R T H E
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF
OHIO
M E M O R A N D U M
O P I N I O N
BEFORE: SUTTON and McKEAGUE, Circuit Judges; and FORESTER, Senior District
Judge.*
PER CURIAM. Richard Leirer, a resident of Ohio acting pro se, sued the Ohio Bureau of
Motor Vehicles Compliance Unit and Adele Rapelye, a supervisor with the unit. Leirer had earlier
sued the State of Ohio and other state defendants over a disputed suspension of his driver’s license.
He subsequently sued Rapelye and other state defendants in their official capacities for alleged
violation of his constitutional rights by contacting and questioning his automobile insurer about his
coverage in retaliation for a discovery request he made in the first lawsuit. In this, his third lawsuit,
Leirer raises similar claims as those he pursued in his second lawsuit, but this time he expressly sues
Rapelye in both her official and individual capacities.

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Because Leirer filed his current lawsuit in forma pauperis, the district court screened his
complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). Finding the lawsuit barred by res judicata, the district court
sua sponte dismissed it. Leirer appealed.
We review de novo a district court judgment dismissing a complaint under 28 U.S.C. §
1915(e). Dotson v. Wilkinson, 329 F.3d 463, 466 (6th Cir. 2003). “Dismissal of a complaint for the
failure to state a claim on which relief may be granted is appropriate only if it appears beyond a
doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim that would entitle him to
relief.” Brown v. Bargery, 207 F.3d 863, 867 (6th Cir. 2000) (citations omitted).
The doctrine of res judicata or “claim preclusion” prohibits a plaintiff from relitigating a
claim that was asserted or which could have been asserted in earlier litigation against the same
defendants or their privies. Federated Dep’t Stores v. Moitie, 452 U.S. 394, 398 (1981); Mitchell v.
Chapman, 343 F.3d 811, 819 (6th Cir. 2003). In his second lawsuit, Leirer failed to state whether
he was suing the individual defendants in their official or individual capacities. Concluding that
there was little in the complaint to suggest that the defendants might be individually liable, the
district court construed the claims as being made against them solely in their official capacities. As
such, the Eleventh Amendment barred the claims for damages. The district court dismissed the
remaining claims, finding no basis to hold the defendants liable under a respondeat-superior theory
of liability. Leirer v. Morckel, No. 05-2345, 2005 WL 3274849, at *3 (N.D. Ohio Dec. 2, 2005).
Leirer did not appeal the district court’s judgment, but instead brought the current lawsuit.
There is no question that Leirer could have made all of the same allegations and claims he
makes in his current lawsuit in that earlier second lawsuit. Finding all of the other requirements for

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claim preclusion met here, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of Leirer’s claims against the state
bureau and Rapelye in her official capacity. Mitchell, 343 F.3d at 819, 824-25.
Yet, in the second lawsuit, the district court did not address any claim made against Rapelye
in her individual capacity. As this court explained in Mitchell,
[T]he rule of differing capacities provides that “[a] party appearing in an action in
one capacity, individual or representative, is not thereby bound by or entitled to the
benefits of the rules of res judicata in a subsequent action in which he appears in
another capacity.” Restatement Second of Judgments § 36(2) (1982). The rule of
differing capacities generally operates to allow a subsequent individual capacity suit
against a governmental official even where a prior suit alleged an official capacity
claim against the same official. See Wilkins [v. Jakeway], 183 F.3d [528,] 534-35
[(6th Cir. 1999)] (recognizing the distinction between individual and official capacity
claims and applying the rule of differing capacities-albeit without explicitly referring
to the rule); see also Warnock v. Pecos County, 116 F.3d 776 (5th Cir.1997) (holding
that a prior suit against a municipality does not bar a later suit against local officials
in their individual capacity); Conner v. Reinhard, 847 F.2d 384, 395 (7th Cir.)
(holding that a prior suit against a municipality does not bar a subsequent suit against
officials individually because official capacity and personal capacity suits involve
different legal theories and defenses), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 856, 109 S. Ct. 147, 102
L.Ed.2d 118 (1988); Headley v. Bacon, 828 F.2d 1272, 1277-79 (8th Cir. 1987)
(distinguishing privity between principal and agent from privity between a
governmental entity and officials sued in their individual capacities). See also Howell
Hydrocarbons, Inc. v. Adams, 897 F.2d 183, 188 (5th Cir. 1990) (“Res judicata does
not apply when the parties appear in one action in a representative capacity and in a
subsequent action in an individual capacity.”).
Id. at 823. In essence, suing a state official in her official capacity is not the same as suing her in her
individual capacity. Therefore, Leirer’s claims against Rapelye are not barred under claim
preclusion.
Although not addressed by the district court or the defendants, the individual-capacity claims
could be subject to bar under the doctrine of issue preclusion (or “collateral estoppel”), which, unlike
claim preclusion, does not require an identity of parties or causes of action. See Nat’l Satellite Sports,

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Inc. v. Eliadis, 253 F.3d 900, 908 (6th Cir. 2001); see also Montana v. United States, 440 U.S. 147,
153 (1979) (“Under collateral estoppel, once an issue is actually and necessarily determined by a
court of competent jurisdiction, that determination is conclusive in subsequent suits based on a
different cause of action involving a party to the prior litigation.”). For issue preclusion to apply,
however, “the precise issue raised in the present case must have been raised and actually litigated
in the prior proceeding.” Nat’l Satellite Sports, 253 F.3d at 908. Although not entirely clear, it
appears that Leirer is making a slightly different factual allegation against Rapelye in his third
complaint, where he contends that she contacted the insurance company herself, Complaint, No.
06-71, ¶8, than he made in his second lawsuit, where he alleged (as construed by the district court)
that she only supervised the employees who actually made contact, Complaint, No. 05-2345, ¶7.
Given this, the district court’s earlier dismissal based on a respondeat-superior theory does not
appear to bar Leirer from pursing his present claims against Rapelye personally. However, because
neither of the parties raised the issue on appeal and the district court dismissed the complaint sua
sponte before Rapelye had an opportunity to answer or move for dismissal, we will leave the matter
open for further development by the parties, if they choose to do so.
Finally, the defendants argue in the alternative that Leirer fails to raise a meritorious claim.
In doing so, however, they do not address Leirer’s retaliation claim, but instead focus on his privacy
claim. While we can affirm a district court’s judgment for reasons different than those relied upon
by that court, Hoge v. Honda of Am. Mfg., Inc., 384 F.3d 238, 243 (6th Cir. 2004), we decline to do
so here where the defendants offer only a cursory argument for doing so.

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Accordingly, we AFFIRM the dismissal of the claims against the Ohio Bureau of Motor
Vehicles Compliance Unit and Rapelye in her official capacity, but REVERSE the dismissal of the
claims against Rapelye in her individual capacity. The case will be REMANDED to the district
court for further proceedings consistent with this decision.

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