Cynthia J. Rowe v. Penny J. Roberts

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No. 21-1489
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CYNTHIA J. ROWE,
Appellant
v.
PENNY J. ROBERTS;
JASON HUNTER;
ATTORNEY WILLIAM CARROLL;
FAYE COLE, Penny’s Sister.
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 3-18-cv-00250)
District Judge: Honorable Stephanie L. Haines
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Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
on March 25, 2022
Before: KRAUSE, BIBAS, and SCIRICA, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: March 30, 2022)
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___________
OPINION*
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PER CURIAM
Cynthia Rowe appeals pro se from the District Court’s order dismissing her complaint
for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm that judg-
ment.
I.
Rowe, who appears to be domiciled in Florida, filed a pro se diversity action in the
District Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Her complaint named four defendants, all of
whom appear to be domiciled in Pennsylvania. The defendants subsequently moved to dis-
miss the complaint, arguing, inter alia, that Rowe had failed to satisfy the amount-in-con-
troversy requirement. See 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) (providing that a federal district court has
subject matter jurisdiction under this section if, inter alia, the amount in controversy ex-
ceeds $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs). On February 3, 2021, the District Court
granted those motions, dismissed Rowe’s complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction
based on her failure to satisfy the amount-in-controversy requirement, and directed the
District Court Clerk to close the case.1 This appeal followed.2
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.
1 The District Court’s dismissal was without prejudice to Rowe’s ability to pursue her
claims in the appropriate state court.
2 Because the District Court’s February 3, 2021 order did not comply with Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 58(a)’s separate-document requirement, see LeBoon v. Lancaster Jewish

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II.
As indicated above, the District Court’s decision to dismiss Rowe’s complaint for lack
of subject matter jurisdiction turned on that court’s determination that she had failed to
satisfy the amount-in-controversy requirement. However, as the Appellees point out,
Rowe’s opening appellate brief does not challenge that determination.3 Instead, that brief
discusses various issues relating to the merits of her claims—issues that the District Court
did not reach.
As we have previously explained, “arguments not developed in an appellant’s opening
brief are forfeited.” In re LTC Holdings, Inc., 10 F.4th 177, 181 n.1 (3d Cir. 2021) (citing
In re Wettach, 811 F.3d 99, 115 (3d Cir. 2016)); see also Emerson v. Thiel Coll., 296 F.3d
184, 190 n.5 (3d Cir. 2002) (per curiam) (applying this rule to a pro se appeal). Because
Rowe’s opening brief has failed to develop any argument related to the basis on which the
Cmty. Ctr. Ass’n, 503 F.3d 217, 224 (3d Cir. 2007) (stating that, to meet this requirement,
the order in question must, inter alia, “omit (or at least substantially omit) the [district]
court’s reasons for disposing of the claims”), the time to appeal from that order did not
expire until August 2021, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 58(c)(2)(B); Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). Rowe
filed her notice of appeal well before that deadline. Accordingly, this appeal is timely, and
we have jurisdiction over it pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
3 In a footnote, the District Court’s dismissal order noted that Rowe’s complaint “in no way
stated a federal question claim” under 28 U.S.C. § 1331]. (Dist. Ct. Mem. Order entered
Feb. 3, 2021, at 2 n.1.) Rowe’s opening appellate brief does not challenge that determina-
tion either.

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District Court dismissed her complaint, we deem any challenge to that dismissal forfeited,4
and thus we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.5
4 Although we may entertain forfeited arguments in “truly exceptional circumstances,”
Barna v. Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 147 (3d Cir. 2017)
(internal quotation marks omitted), those circumstances are not present here, see id. (ex-
plaining that “[s]uch circumstances have been recognized when the public interest requires
that the issue[s] be heard or when a manifest injustice would result from the failure to
consider the new issue[s]” (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
5 In light of this disposition, we need not reach the argument, made by Appellees Carroll
and Hunter, that Rowe has withdrawn all claims against them.

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