Li Fang Guo v. JOHN ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES On Petition for Review of an…

* Honorable Ronald L. Buckwalter, United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
No.: 03-4074
LI FANG GUO
Petitioner
v.
JOHN ASHCROFT,
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES
On Petition for Review of an Order of Removal
from the Board of Immigration Appeals
U.S. Department of Justice
Executive Office for Immigration Review
BIA No.: A76 627 978
Submitted: November 12, 2004
(Filed: December 14, 2004)
Before: McKEE, CHERTOFF, Circuit Judges and BUCKWALTER, District Judge.*
OPINION
McKEE, Circuit Judge.
Li Fang Guo petitions for review of an order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
denying her Motion to Reopen immigration proceedings. The Immigration Judge entered

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1Since we are writing only for the parties, we will only briefly summarize the relevant
background.
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an order of removal, and the BIA affirmed that order. For the reasons that follow, we will
dismiss the petition for review of the BIA’s denial of the Motion to Reopen.
I.1
Petitioner claims that local authorities in China told her to go to a hospital for the
insertion of a contraceptive intrauterine device. She alleges that she was there forced to
have an IUD inserted, and that this resulted in various complications, including infection.
She further claims that a doctor in China advised her that the IUD would eventually have
to be removed, but it was not immediately removed despite her many requests. Although
her testimony was inconsistent, Petitioner stated that the IUD was not removed until she
entered the United States and that she would have had to pay a fine if it had been removed
in China. However, she specifically testified that she was not threatened with forced
sterilization in China.
The IJ entered an order of removal, finding that the Petitioner lacked credibility.
His confidence in her testimony was undermined by inconsistencies in her testimony and
by her failure to introduce records or documents to substantiate her claim. Moreover, her
sister, who allegedly took her to the doctor to have the IUD removed, did not testify
before the IJ and Petitioner offered nothing to show any payments to the doctor who
allegedly removed the IUD.

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The IJ also concluded that Petitioner had failed to establish the requisite subjective
and objective fear of persecution and that the forced insertion of an IUD did not rise to
the level of “persecution” under 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42). The BIA affirmed that ruling.
Petitioner did not appeal the BIA’s affirmance of the IJ’s order of removal.
II.
We have jurisdiction to review a final order of removal by the BIA under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252. We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen immigration proceedings for
an abuse of discretion. INS v. Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 105 (1988). Abuse of discretion
occurs when an agency provides no “rational explanation” for its decision, “inexplicably
departs from established policies”, its decision is “devoid of any reasoning” or contains
only “summary or conclusory statements.” Zhao v. Reno, 265 F.3d 83, 93 (2d Cir. 2001),
citing Douglas v. INS, 28 F.3d 241, 243 (2d Cir. 1994).
III.
The BIA refused to exercise its discretion to grant Petitioner’s Motion to Reopen,
concluding that the inconsistencies between her original testimony and allegations she
made in support of the Motion to Reopen only substantiated the IJ’s initial adverse
credibility determination. “[W]e will uphold findings of fact to the extent they are
supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the record considered as
a whole.” Balasubramanrim v. INS, 143 F.3d 157, 161 (3d Cir.1998). We also review
adverse credibility determinations for substantial evidence. Id. We must sustain an

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2 Petitioner also attempts to use her Motion to Reopen as a vehicle to, for the first
time, argue that the BIA erred as a matter of law in not interpreting 8 U.S.C. §
1101(a)(42) to include forced birth control. Petitioner now argues that counsel was
ineffective in “narrowing the scope” of 8.U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42) to forced abortion and/or
forced sterilization only, rather than expanding the scope to include insertion of an IUD.
However, that issue has now been waived. See Alleyne v. U.S. INS, 879 F.2d 1177, 1182
(3d Cir. 1989) (holding that questions not raised before the Board cannot be considered
by this Court).
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adverse credibility determination if there is substantial evidence in the record to support
it. Gao v. Ashcroft, 299 F.3d 266, 272 (3d. Cir. 2002).
Petitioner now attempts to argue that the Board abused its discretion in refusing to
allow her to reopen because she was denied effective assistance of counsel before the IJ.
According to Petitioner, she demonstrated “both the existence and prejudice of her prior
counsel’s ineffective assistance” as detailed in her brief. See Brief of Petitioner, at 2.
Petitioner essentially argued that prior counsel was responsible for the inaccuracies in her
initial testimony before the IJ. However, the BIA concluded that her allegations of
ineffective assistance further compromised her credibility. That conclusion is amply
supported by substantial evidence on this record and the BIA’s exercise of discretion must
therefore be affirmed.2
IV.
Based on the foregoing analysis, we will affirm the Board of Immigration Appeals
September 29, 2003 Decision and Order.
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