Khurshid Khan Muhammad v. Department of Veterans Affairs

N OTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals
for the Federal Circuit
______________________
KHURSHID KHAN MUHAMMAD,
Petitioner
v.
DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS,
Respondent
______________________
2024-1110
______________________
Petition for review of the Merit Systems Protection
Board in No. AT-1221-20-0342-W-1.
______________________
Decided: August 8, 2024
______________________
K HURSHID K HAN MUHAMMAD, Artesia, CA, pro se.
J OSHUA M OORE, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil
Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing-
ton, DC, for respondent. Also represented by BRIAN M.
BOYNTON, ELIZABETH MARIE H OSFORD, P ATRICIA M.
MCCARTHY .
______________________
Before L OURIE, P ROST , and REYNA, Circuit Judges.
P ER CURIAM .
Case: 24-1110 Document: 18 Page: 1 Filed: 08/08/2024

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MUHAMMAD v. DVA 2
Dr. Khurshid Khan Muhammad petitions for review of
a Merit Systems Protection Board (“MSPB”) order denying
the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (“VA”) petition for re-
view and granting-in-part and denying-in-part Dr. Mu-
hammad’s cross-petition for review. Muhammad v. Dep’t
of Veterans Affs., No. AT-1221-20-0342-W-1, 2023 WL
5628665 (M.S.P.B. Aug. 31, 2023) (“Board Decision”). For
the following reasons, we dismiss Dr. Muhammad’s peti-
tion for lack of jurisdiction.
BACKGROUND
From October to November 2014, Dr. Muhammad was
employed as a physician at the R.G. Murphy VA Medical
Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Dr. Muhammad filed
two whistleblower complaints with the Office of Special
Counsel (“OSC”) related to his employment in Albuquer-
que; he later filed two individual right of action (“IRA”) ap-
peals to the MSPB, alleging that the VA terminated him as
a result of protected whistleblower activity. The two ap-
peals were consolidated into one matter, and that matter
was separately appealed to the Federal Circuit. See Mu-
hammad v. Dep’t of Veterans Affs., No. 23-2132.
In late 2016, recruiters from the Bay Pines VA
Healthcare System in Bay Pines, Florida, contacted Dr.
Muhammad about a different physician position. Dr. Mu-
hammad applied for the role, and in January 2017, the VA
gave him a tentative offer of employment. S.A. 54.1 The
tentative offer was subject to verification and endorsement
procedures. During this process, Dr. Thomas Mattras,
Chief of Primary Care Services at Bay Pines VA, spoke
with Dr. Muhammad’s previous supervisor at the Albu-
querque VA. Thereafter, Dr. Mattras decided not to recom-
mend Dr. Muhammad for the position at Bay Pines VA,
1 “S.A.” refers to the supplemental appendix in-
cluded with Respondent’s brief.
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MUHAMMAD v. DVA 3
and his tentative offer was withdrawn. Respondent’s
Br. 3–4.
In February 2020, Dr. Muhammad filed a new IRA at
the MSPB, alleging that the VA had withdrawn the tenta-
tive offer of employment because of “(1) ‘unsubstantiated
retaliatory remarks’ made by Albuquerque VA agency em-
ployees and (2) his prior OSC complaints and Board ap-
peal.” Board Decision, 2023 WL 5628665, at *1. The
Administrative Judge (“AJ”) found that Dr. Muhammad’s
prior IRA against the Albuquerque VA was protected activ-
ity under § 2302(b), S.A. 28, that Dr. Muhammad had
“show[n] by a preponderance of the evidence that his pro-
tected activity was a contributing factor” in the withdrawal
of his tentative offer at Bay Pines VA, see S.A. 29–31, and
that the VA had not demonstrated by clear and convincing
evidence that it would have withdrawn the tentative offer
in the absence of his protected activity, S.A. 31–36. The AJ
ordered the VA to “(1) delete from its internal computer
system an entry made on or about February 13, 2017,
wherein [Dr. Mattras] indicated that he did not recommend
the appellant for appointment; and (2) rescind the with-
drawal of the tentative offer of employment, reconstruct
the hiring process, and determine whether [Dr. Muham-
mad] should be appointed to the Primary Care Physician
position.” Board Decision, 2023 WL 5628665, at *2.
The VA filed a petition for review with the full Board,
arguing that (1) the AJ erred in finding that Dr. Muham-
mad’s prior IRA appeal was a contributing factor to the
withdrawal of his tentative offer and (2) the VA could not
remove the specific entry from the VA’s internal computer
system. Respondent’s Br. 5–6. The MSPB denied the VA’s
petition on both grounds. Dr. Muhammad, for his part,
filed a cross-petition, requesting additional relief—namely
(1) “a more comprehensive review of the entries in [the
VA’s] internal computer system, [and] remov[al] [of] any
additional unfavorable entries pertaining to him” written
by certain Bay Pines VA employees; (2) that the agency ap-
point him to the Primary Care Physician position; and
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MUHAMMAD v. DVA 4
(3) financial remuneration for “lost earnings and damage
to his professional reputation.” Board Decision, 2023 WL
5628665, at *6. The MSPB granted Dr. Muhammad’s first
request, “agree[ing] that the agency must do an additional
search and purge any additional unfavorable entries from
Bay Pines VA officials about the appellant’s fitness for the
Primary Care physician position.” Id. The MSPB denied
Dr. Muhammad’s second request for appointment to the
physician position. Id. Finally, the MSPB determined that
“no back pay is warranted” but that Dr. Muhammad “may
request consequential and/or compensatory damages.” Id.
The MSPB then ordered the VA to place Dr. Muhammad
“as nearly as possible in the same situation he would have
been in had the agency . . . not retaliated against him for
[protected activity],” including by “reconstruct[ing]/con-
tinu[ing] the hiring process to determine whether [Dr. Mu-
hammad] is qualified for appointment to the subject
position.” Id. Dr. Muhammad timely filed a petition for
review to this court.
D ISCUSSION
We have jurisdiction to review “an appeal from a final
order or final decision” of the MSPB. 28 U.S.C.
§ 1295(a)(9); see also 5 U.S.C. § 7703(b)(1)(A). “Our juris-
diction over a petition therefore turns on whether the de-
termination that the petitioner seeks to appeal constitutes
a final order or final decision for purposes of [§] 1295(a)(9).”
Morrison v. Dep’t of the Navy, 876 F.3d 1106, 1109 (Fed.
Cir. 2017) (cleaned up).
“The statutory requirement that we limit our review to
‘final’ orders and decisions of the Board parallels the famil-
iar ‘final judgment rule’ in appellate proceedings . . . .” Id.
“As a general rule, an order is final only when it ‘ends the
litigation on the merits and leaves nothing for the court to
do but execute the judgment.’” Id. (quoting Catlin v.
United States, 324 U.S. 229, 233 (1945)). In the MSPB con-
text, we look to 5 C.F.R. § 1201.113 to determine what con-
stitutes a “final order.” See Weed v. Social Sec. Admin., 571
F.3d 1359, 1362 (Fed. Cir. 2009). Section 1201.113(c)
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MUHAMMAD v. DVA 5
explains that “[i]f the Board grants a petition for review or
a cross petition for review . . . the decision of the Board is
final if it disposes of the entire action.” “Remands to ad-
ministrative agencies, because they mark a continuation of
the case, are not generally considered final decisions for ju-
risdictional purposes.” Caesar v. West, 195 F.3d 1373, 1374
(Fed. Cir. 1999).
Dr. Muhammad appeals the Board Decision, challeng-
ing the conclusions of two parts: (1) the order to “recon-
struct/continue the hiring process” because it leaves “room
for potential ambiguity,” Petitioner’s Br. 5,2 and (2) the
MSPB’s denial of back pay as compensation, Petitioner’s
Br. 7. While we appreciate that Dr. Muhammad filed this
appeal out of an abundance of caution so as not to lose any
potential rights to review, this appeal is premature, and we
do not have jurisdiction due to the Board Decision’s lack of
finality.3 Petitioner’s Br. 4.
Here, the MSPB remanded to the VA to reconstruct the
hiring process and determine compensation owed to Dr.
Muhammad. “Because it is not the case that the Board’s
decision left ‘nothing for the [agency] to do but execute
judgment,’ the Board’s ruling was not a final order or deci-
sion . . . .” Morrison, 876 F.3d at 1110 (quoting Cabot Corp.
v. United States, 788 F.2d 1539 (Fed. Cir. 1986)). Specifi-
cally, we have stated that an MSPB decision is not final
where the MSPB ordered reconstruction of the hiring pro-
cess—as is the case here. See, e.g., id.; Weed, 571 F.3d at
1362.
2 Page references to Dr. Muhammad’s Informal Brief
are to the ECF page numbers in the header of the brief.
3 While the Board Decision is labeled a “final order”
at the MSPB, it is not final for purposes of our appellate
review. See Morrison, 876 F.3d at 1110 n.2. We therefore
disagree that the VA is taking inconsistent positions re-
garding finality. Petitioner’s Reply Br. 4.
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MUHAMMAD v. DVA 6
While the Board Decision may have resolved some is-
sues, this does not overcome the general rule that when the
“order contemplates further adjudication or other proceed-
ings beyond the ministerial implementation of the agency’s
directive, the order will be treated as a remand.” Morrison,
876 F.3d at 1110. For example, a similarly situated dispute
arose in Weed, where the MSPB concluded that the peti-
tioner could not receive certain damages and simultane-
ously remanded the matter back to the agency for a
reconstruction process. The petitioner appealed the
MSPB’s damages conclusion, but we dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction because the MSPB decision was not final.
Weed, 571 F.3d at 1362. The same is true here.
Moreover, Dr. Muhammad admits that “whether [he]
should get any back pay or not depends on the determina-
tion by the agency whether [he] was qualified for the job in
2017 or not—this determination has not been made by the
agency yet,” Petitioner’s Br. 7, and that if he was qualified
for the job, he “should be compensated accordingly . . . – it
may or may not be called back pay,” Petitioner’s Br. 14.
Both points highlight that the agency must make the next
move.
Because the MSPB’s decision here is not final, we do
not have jurisdiction.
CONCLUSION
We have considered Dr. Muhammad’s remaining argu-
ments and find them unpersuasive. Accordingly, we dis-
miss this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
DISMISSED
COSTS
No costs.
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