Questione giuridica chiave
Whether procedural fees already incurred for separately filed nullity actions are retroactively waived or reduced after joinder under Section 147 ZPO and the Patent Costs Act.
Decisione estratta
Fees that became due and were paid for each individual nullity action before joinder are not subsequently waived or reduced because of joinder; only from the joinder order onward do court fees accrue only once.
Motivazione estratta
Joinder changes the fee situation only prospectively. The previously accrued fees remain based on the separate filing of each action; the joinder does not affect fees already due and paid.