Questione giuridica chiave
Whether Oberrichter Alfred Schwartz had to recuse himself because he had previously been represented in a disciplinary proceeding by the law partner of respondents' counsel.
Decisione estratta
The prior, already concluded representation did not objectively create an appearance of bias; recusal was not required.
Motivazione estratta
A special relationship between judge and counsel can justify recusal only in exceptional, concrete circumstances. Here, the prior mandate had ended in 2003, there was no indication that respondents' counsel had been involved in the disciplinary matter, and no objective basis existed to infer partiality from the law-firm connection alone.