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BGE 38 II 643 ΓÇó Firm names must be clearly distinguishable; competition irrelevant
BGE 38 II 643Raccolta ufficiale del Tribunale federale (DTF) / Volume II8 giu 1912Confirmed
The plaintiff, American Machinery Import Office S.-A. of Zurich, successfully challenged the firm name of American Machinery Sales Company Ltd. The Federal Court held that under Art. 873 OR a stock corporation's firm must be clearly distinguishable from any already registered firm. The shared opening words 'American Machinery' dominated the overall impression, while the differing additions 'Import Office S.-A.' and 'Sales Company Ltd.' were insufficient to avoid confusion. The court also held that it was irrelevant whether the businesses competed with each other. The appeal was dismissed and the Zurich Commercial Court's injunction was confirmed.
Art. 873 OR; distinctiveness of corporate firm names; competition between businesses irrelevant. In assessing whether a stock corporation's firm is clearly distinguishable from an earlier registered firm, the decisive factor is the overall impression; identical or similar elements may be tolerated only if the remaining elements sufficiently differentiate the names as a whole. Where the common component forms the dominant and characteristic part of both firms, later additions cannot dispel the likelihood of confusion (consid. 2). The statutory requirement applies generally and is not limited to competing enterprises; the absence of direct competition is therefore immaterial. If the claim is upheld on firm-name grounds, any subsidiary reliance on unfair competition need not be examined (consid. 3).
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