progetti
BGE 24 I 96 ΓÇó Swiss citizenship and right to divorce action in Switzerland
BGE 24 I 96Raccolta ufficiale del Tribunale federale (DTF) / Volume I13 dic 1897Granted
Comte, born in Besançon but naturalized in Bressaucourt and never having renounced that citizenship, brought a divorce action in Nidau against his wife, who lived in France. The district court refused to hear the case, treating him as French and relying on the absence of a certificate under the civil-status law. The Federal Court held that the documents and his military-tax history established Swiss citizenship. As a Swiss resident, he was entitled to federal protection, so the refusal to hear the action amounted to a violation of federal constitutional rights. The complaint was upheld and the lower-court judgment annulled.
Art. 54 BV; Art. 4 and 58 BV; civil-status and marriage law: a person domiciled in Switzerland and shown by official documents and military-tax conduct to be a Swiss citizen must be treated as such, even if a foreign nationality is also alleged. The competent cantonal court must entertain the divorce action; a refusal to proceed on the ground of foreign citizenship or absence of an additional certificate constitutes a denial of justice and a violation of federal law (consid. 1). The decisive point is the claimant's Swiss nationality; once established, the court may not decline jurisdiction merely because the spouse resides abroad or because a foreign civil-status entry exists.
recht niemals verzichtet hat (wie das Amtsgericht Nidau selbst nicht behauptet), ist er auch heute als solcher anzusehen und zu behandeln. Danach muß aber sein Rekurs gutgeheißen werden, da alsdann ohne weiteres in der Weigerung der Anhandnahme der Klage durch das Amtsgericht Nidau eine Verletzung der vom Rekurrenten angeführten Bestimmungen der Bundesver fassung liegt. Demnach hat das Bundesgericht erkannt: Der Rekurs wird als begründet erklärt und demzufolge das Erkenntnis des Amtsgerichtes Nidau vom 13. Dezember 1897 aufgehoben und das genannte Gericht angewiesen, die Eheschei dungsklage des Rekurrenten an Hand zu nehmen.