State v. Shane R. Surles

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
November 13, 2024
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10 and
RULE 809.62.

Appeal No. 2023AP1991-CR Cir. Ct. No. 2019CF539

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT II

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,

V.

SHANE R. SURLES,

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

APPEAL from a judgment and an order of the circuit court for
Walworth County: PHILLIP A. KOSS, Judge. Affirmed.

Before Neubauer, Grogan and Lazar, JJ.

Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent

or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
No. 2023AP1991-CR

¶1 PER CURIAM. Shane R. Surles appeals a judgment of conviction,
entered following a jury trial, for attempted third-degree sexual assault and
burglary.1 He also appeals from an order denying postconviction relief. On appeal,
he argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel in relation to the presentation
of his defense at trial. We affirm.

¶2 Relevant to this appeal, the State charged Surles with burglary and
attempted third-degree sexual assault. At trial, Noelle2 testified that in October 2019
she lived in an apartment with her college roommate, Erica. At 3:00 a.m. on October
14, Noelle woke up to use the bathroom, thought she heard something, and when
she returned to her bedroom, Surles was in her room wearing a wig and smiling at
her. When Noelle saw Surles, she screamed for her boyfriend, Tom, who was
sleeping in her room. Surles then stopped smiling and looked “very scared.” Surles
ran and Tom chased after him. The commotion in the hallway woke up Erica, who
was sleeping in her room. Erica recognized Surles as the previous tenant of their
apartment.

¶3 An officer testified that Surles told police he entered the women’s
apartment without permission “to see something.” When asked further questions,
Surles responded he went there for “whatever could possibly transpire.” The officer
asked Surles if he hoped to have sex with someone in the apartment; Surles
responded “hopefully something like that.” When asked what Surles thought would
have happened if Noelle’s boyfriend was not in the apartment, Surles said he had a

1
The jury also convicted Surles of criminal trespass to dwelling, disorderly conduct, and
obstructing an officer. Surles advises this court that he does not appeal those convictions.
2
Pseudonyms are used to identify all the victims in this case. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.86(4).

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

fantasy that “something” would happen but that he was not going to hurt or rape
her.

¶4 The State also presented other-acts testimony from Jane and Elizabeth
regarding allegations of sexual assault against Surles in 1998 and 1999. Both
women testified that Surles entered bedrooms where they were sleeping and
performed oral sex on them without their consent.

¶5 Surles did not testify. In closing, as relevant, the State argued that the
jury should use the evidence that Surles previously assaulted two women to
determine his intent in entering Noelle and Erica’s apartment. The State argued
that, “[b]ased on the evidence presented, [it] is simply not a reasonable conclusion”
that Surles “had something else on his mind other than the intent to sexually assault
[Noelle] inside of that bedroom.”

¶6 Surles’ counsel argued the State did not meet its burden of proof.
Counsel asserted, “[W]hat we have here is evidence … that Shane Surles is a
creeper. He’s kind of like a peeping Tom that goes into a house to creep. So why
couldn’t his intent be to go in and be a voyeur?” Counsel argued Surles “damaged
nothing. He touched nothing. There was no sexual assault. He didn’t say anything
or really do anything to indicate that night that he was pursuing a third[-]degree
sexual assault except for [the] fact [of] him being there[.]” Counsel continued:

[P]erhaps he went in there to watch [Noelle] sleep. Perhaps
he went in there to expose himself, that he was a flasher.
Perhaps he went in there to pleasure himself or to see
something and then go home and pleasure himself. Why
couldn’t those be his purposes in being there rather than
unequivocally the only thing he could have been doing is
planning a third degree sexual assault?

… I don’t think that you should find that beyond a
reasonable doubt. I don’t think that you should find that
there isn’t another explanation other than third degree sexual

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

assault. He didn’t say anything other than being there or do
anything that -- that would unequivocally demonstrate to you
what he intended to do while he was there.

¶7 The jury convicted Surles as charged on all counts. Surles filed a
postconviction motion seeking a new trial on the grounds that his attorney was
ineffective for failing to call an expert to testify about his mental state, including a
voyeuristic disorder diagnosis. Surles provided the circuit court with a copy of a
report prepared after trial where the doctor diagnosed Surles, in part, with a
voyeuristic disorder. Surles also argued that his attorney was ineffective for failing
to fully explain to Surles his right to testify and the impact that his testimony would
have at trial. The court held a Machner3 hearing where trial counsel and Surles
testified. The court ultimately determined Surles failed to prove counsel was
ineffective.

¶8 On appeal, Surles renews his argument regarding counsel’s
effectiveness as to the attempted third-degree sexual assault and burglary
convictions.4 To establish a claim of ineffective assistance, a defendant must prove
both: (1) deficient performance by counsel; and (2) prejudice resulting from that
deficient performance. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). We
need not address both elements of the ineffective assistance test if the defendant
fails to make a sufficient showing on one of them. State v. Dalton, 2018 WI 85,
¶32, 383 Wis. 2d 147, 914 N.W.2d 120.

¶9 “To demonstrate deficient performance, a defendant must show that
counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness

3
State v. Machner, 92 Wis. 2d 797, 285 N.W.2d 905 (Ct. App. 1979).
4
The charges are related because attempted third-degree sexual assault is a felony and the
burglary was charged as intentionally entering a dwelling without consent with intent to commit a
felony while another person was lawfully present in the dwelling.

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

considering all the circumstances.” Id., ¶34. “In evaluating counsel’s performance,
this court is highly deferential to counsel’s strategic decisions.” Id., ¶35. We must
make “every effort ... to eliminate the distorting effects of hindsight, to reconstruct
the circumstances of counsel’s challenged conduct, and to evaluate the conduct from
counsel’s perspective at the time.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. “Counsel’s
performance need not be perfect, or even very good, to be constitutionally
adequate.” Dalton, 383 Wis. 2d 147, ¶35.

¶10 Surles first argues counsel was deficient for failing to retain an expert
to offer expert testimony at trial of Surles’ mental state, including a voyeuristic
disorder diagnosis. He argues trial counsel should have investigated and determined
whether Surles’ behavior could have been explained by a psychological disorder.
Surles believes that had counsel done so, counsel would have retained an expert that
would have diagnosed Surles with voyeuristic disorder, the expert’s diagnosis
would have made it more probable that Surles entered the women’s apartment only
to be a voyeur, and the jury would have had affirmative evidence that Surles lacked
intent to sexually assault Noelle. Surles believes counsel did not investigate Surles’
behavior based on counsel’s misunderstanding of the law—specifically, counsel
went into trial with a strategy of proposing a lesser included offense of attempted
fourth-degree sexual assault (a misdemeanor) to avoid the predicate felony for the
burglary count.5 Surles also faults trial counsel for not knowing how much such an
expert would have cost.

¶11 We conclude Surles failed to establish counsel was deficient for
failing to retain an expert and to offer expert testimony at trial. Defense counsel is

5
“‘[A]ttempted fourth-degree sexual assault’ is an offense unrecognized in Wisconsin
jurisprudence.” State v. Cvorovic, 158 Wis. 2d 630, 635, 462 N.W.2d 897 (Ct. App. 1990).

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

permitted to “make a reasonable decision that makes particular investigations
unnecessary.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 691. Surles’ trial counsel testified in
preparing for trial, he determined he did not need to hire a psychological expert to
testify. Counsel’s strategy was to establish the State failed to meet its burden of
proving intent. Counsel explained he asked for the lesser-included jury instruction
at “the last moment” and the fact the instruction was not an option “didn’t change
[his] strategy a bit.” Counsel emphasized the State did not have direct evidence that
Surles intended to sexually assault Noelle and all of Surles’ “overt acts were
consistent with a voyeur.” Specifically, Surles did not touch anyone; Surles never
asked for any sexual contact; Surles did not grab his own penis or make any other
sexual gestures. We conclude trial counsel’s trial strategy was reasonable and
counsel reasonably determined he did not need an expert. See Dalton, 383 Wis. 2d
147, ¶35 (“[T]his court is highly deferential to counsel’s strategic decisions.”).

¶12 Moreover, even if Surles’ postconviction expert properly diagnosed
him with voyeuristic disorder, that diagnosis does not mean that Surles lacked intent
to sexually assault Noelle. As the circuit court observed, “[The] testimony would
not have been that being a voyeur therefore, excludes the Defendant’s ability to also
be assaultive. [The doctor is] not gonna say that. That would be impossible to say.
As a matter of fact, he talks about the Defendant’s hypersexuality.” Thus, Surles
could both have the disorder and sexually assault women—the two are not mutually
exclusive. The court also noted that Surles’ postconviction expert’s “testimony
would not have been based on independent data. It was all primarily self-reporting
by the Defendant.” This further establishes that counsel was not deficient for failing
to retain and offer expert testimony that Surles had a voyeuristic disorder diagnosis.

¶13 Surles next argues trial counsel was deficient for “fail[ing] to advise
Surles that his own testimony was necessary to establish that he did not intend to

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

commit a felony when he entered the apartment.” Surles argues that “[h]ad counsel
informed Surles his testimony was necessary to his defense on the intent element,
Surles would have testified … in support of his defense.”

¶14 We conclude Surles failed to establish trial counsel was deficient for
failing to advise Surles “that his own testimony was necessary to show the jury his
intent.” As a threshold matter, we emphasize there was no requirement that Surles
testify at trial; the State at all times carried the burden of proving Surles’ intent.
Even without Surles’ testimony, trial counsel was able to argue that the State failed
to offer any direct evidence that Surles intended to sexually assault Noelle and
therefore failed to meet its burden of proof.

¶15 Regardless, Surles’ argument relating to counsel’s advice overlooks
trial counsel’s testimony from the Machner hearing. Trial counsel testified he
“discuss[ed] with Mr. Surles that … his testimony could provide evidence of an
alternate intent.” Trial counsel testified that “[t]he best evidence would have been
for Mr. Surles to testify as to what his intent was.” Counsel spoke to Surles about
testifying “at least four times, and on the last day of trial.” Counsel described
Surles’ ultimate decision not to testify as “not an easy decision.” Counsel explained:

[I]t would have been important for him to state to the jury,
give him a chance to convince the jury that he didn’t have
the requisite intent.

And as we approached that, I told him all along it was his
decision, and I told him from day one that it would be
important to do that. It would be important to convince the
jury that he didn’t have the intent to do the sexual assault,
that he was a voyeur or whatever or he just didn’t know why
he was there. And … when he decided not to testify, I was
rather disappointed.

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No. 2023AP1991-CR

¶16 Counsel also affirmed that, during trial, in his last discussion with
Surles related to Surles’ right to testify, they discussed the “need for evidence
regarding his intent.”

¶17 Although Surles disputed trial counsel’s account of their discussions,
the circuit court determined Surles was “not credible” and the court did not believe
Surles’ version of events. Credibility determinations and the weight given to the
evidence is strictly within the province of the factfinder. See State v. Poellinger,
153 Wis. 2d 493, 506, 451 N.W.2d 752 (1990) (“It is the function of the trier of fact,
and not of an appellate court, to fairly resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh
the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts.”).
Given the record, we conclude trial counsel was not deficient for failing to advise
Surles that “his own testimony was necessary to show the jury his intent.” Surles
failed to establish trial counsel was ineffective.

By the Court.—Judgment and order affirmed.

This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)5.

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