J. W. v. R. B.

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
July 7, 2020
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Sheila T. Reiff petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.

Appeal No. 2019AP197 Cir. Ct. No. 2018GN78

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT III

IN RE THE MATTER OF R. B.,

J. W.,

PETITIONER-RESPONDENT,

V.

R. B.,

RESPONDENT-APPELLANT.

APPEAL from orders of the circuit court for Marathon County:
MICHAEL K. MORAN, Judge. Affirmed.

Before Stark, P.J., Hruz and Seidl, JJ.

Per curiam opinions may not be cited in any court of this state as precedent

or authority, except for the limited purposes specified in WIS. STAT. RULE 809.23(3).
No. 2019AP197

¶1 PER CURIAM. Randall1 appeals an order appointing a guardian of
both his estate and person, and an order directing his protective placement in an
unlocked unit of a nursing home or an assisted living facility. Randall challenges
the sufficiency of the evidence to support the orders. We reject his arguments and
affirm.

BACKGROUND

¶2 Randall’s granddaughter, Jennifer, filed petitions seeking
guardianship and protective placement of Randall. The petitions were supported
by a psychologist’s report recounting that eighty-seven-year-old Randall, who has
a documented history of dementia, was admitted to the hospital after brandishing a
firearm in the course of an argument with his wife. The guardian ad litem
submitted a report recommending that the circuit court appoint a guardian of
Randall’s person and estate, and protectively place Randall in an assisted living
facility. The court entered an order appointing Randall’s son and daughter as
temporary co-guardians of his estate, and Randall’s granddaughters as temporary
co-guardians of his person.

¶3 An examining psychologist, Michael Galli, Ph.D., subsequently filed
a report opining that Randall suffers from a degenerative brain disorder—namely,
“dementia, likely the Alzheimer’s type”—and that his incapacity is permanent.
Doctor Galli noted that Randall is prescribed psychotropic medications, though
Randall claimed he “threw his meds away,” because he did not think the people
giving him the medications knew what they were doing. Although Randall

1
Pursuant to WIS. STAT. RULE 809.81(8), we use pseudonyms when referring to the
subject individual and any family members in this confidential matter.

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reported to Dr. Galli that he had “no problems” and did “not need or want a
guardian,” Dr. Galli opined that Randall’s impairment resulted in specified
incapacities, necessitating protective placement with twenty-four-hour supervision
and the appointment of a guardian. After a bench trial, the circuit court ordered
Randall’s guardianship and protective placement. This appeal follows.

DISCUSSION

¶4 Decisions on guardianship and protective placement are within the
sound discretion of the circuit court. Anna S. v. Diana M., 2004 WI App 45, ¶7,
270 Wis. 2d 411, 678 N.W.2d 285. In reviewing these decisions, we will not
disturb a circuit court’s factual findings unless those findings are clearly
erroneous. See WIS. STAT. § 805.01(2) (2017-18)2; Robin K. v. Lamanda M.,
2006 WI 68, ¶12, 291 Wis. 2d 333, 718 N.W.2d 38; Walworth Cty. v. Therese B.,
2003 WI App 223, ¶21, 267 Wis. 2d 310, 671 N.W.2d 377. Whether the evidence
satisfies the applicable legal standards is a question of law that we review de novo.
Therese B., 267 Wis. 2d 310, ¶21.

¶5 The criteria for a guardianship are set forth in WIS. STAT.
§ 54.10(3)(a). The individual must be at least seventeen years and nine months
old. For purposes of guardianship of the person, because of an impairment, the
individual must be unable to effectively receive and evaluate information or to
make or communicate decisions to such an extent that the individual is unable to
meet the essential requirements for his or her physical health and safety. For
purposes of guardianship of the estate, because of an impairment, the individual

2
All references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2017-18 version unless otherwise
stated.

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must be unable to effectively receive and evaluate information or to make or
communicate decisions related to the management of his or her property or
financial affairs if the individual has property that will be dissipated in whole or in
part, the individual is unable to provide for his or her support, or the individual is
unable to prevent financial exploitation. Finally, the individual’s need for
assistance in decision making or communication will not be met effectively and
less restrictively through appropriate and reasonably available training, education,
support services, health care, assistive devices, or other means that the individual
will accept.

¶6 In turn, protective placement is appropriate when: (1) the individual
has a primary need for residential care and custody; (2) the individual is an adult
who has been determined to be incompetent by a circuit court; (3) as a result of a
developmental disability, degenerative brain disorder, serious and persistent
mental illness, or other like incapacities, the individual is so totally incapable of
providing for his or her own care or custody as to create a substantial risk of
serious harm to himself or herself as evidenced by overt acts or omissions; and
(4) the disability is permanent or likely to be permanent. WIS. STAT. § 55.08(1).
These elements must be proved by clear and convincing evidence. WIS. STAT.
§ 55.10(4)(d).

¶7 Randall does not dispute the age element of guardianship, nor does
he dispute that he suffers from an impairment—dementia. However, Randall
contends there were no details presented at trial to support the other essential
criteria for either guardianship of his person and estate, or his protective
placement. We disagree.

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¶8 At trial, Dr. Galli testified, consistent with his report, that Randall
suffered from “Alzheimer’s dementia,” describing it as a condition that
“significantly impair[s] a person’s ability to do a variety of things including taking
care of themselves.” Doctor Galli opined that Randall’s impairment impacted his
reasoning ability, and he offered the following examples based on his
observations:

[Randall] wasn’t sure how long it was he had been at the
facility where I saw him. He didn’t know why it was that
he had been placed there. He wasn’t sure who made that
decision or what the reasons were for that. He had some
hunches about who was responsible but said he didn’t
know for sure.

He did not think he was in need of any medication. He
thought he was given medications on a daily basis but he
said he threw all of them in the trash, into the toilet,
because he wasn’t sure if the people who were giving him
those meds knew what they were doing.

¶9 Doctor Galli further opined that Randall did not have an
understanding of the nature and consequences of his dementia-induced
impairment, and that his incapacity interfered with his ability to: (1) receive and
evaluate information; (2) make decisions; (3) protect himself from exploitation
and abuse; (4) meet his essential health and safety needs; (5) manage his finances;
(6) provide for his own support; (7) prevent financial exploitation;
(8) independently manage or meet his health care and medical needs; and (9) meet
his daily care needs independently. Doctor Galli clarified that Randall’s
incapacity was due to dementia rather than old age, poor judgment, physical
disability or eccentricities. Doctor Galli further testified that there are no
medications to reverse the course of dementia, and that “[i]ndividuals with this
level of dementia are primarily in need of structure and supervision so that they do

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not get themselves into any kind of distress because of their inability to assess
their needs.”

¶10 Based on his evaluation of Randall, including a review of Randall’s
care center medical chart and conversations with staff members involved in
Randall’s daily care, Dr. Galli ultimately opined, to a reasonable degree of
psychological knowledge or expertise, that Randall is incapable of exercising
basic rights, with the exception of his voting rights, without guardian approval.
Doctor Galli further opined that Randall required control or supervision by others
to assist him with his personal care, his health and medical needs, and with his
safety. Doctor Galli also opined that Randall posed a risk of substantial harm to
himself or others if he did not have the supervision and support provided by
protective placement in an unlocked facility.

¶11 Randall testified that he had “no desire” for protective placement
and he deemed the idea that he might hurt somebody or something to be
“ridiculous.” When asked whether he takes his medications as directed, Randall
responded that, with the exception of his heart medication and eye drops, he tossed
his medicines “in the garbage most of the time.” Randall insisted he was capable
of taking care of his needs and those of his wife, “including around the house.”
Randall testified that he has “always had a little memory difficulty,” but he
asserted that he kept track of important things.

¶12 When asked if he remembered “2018, July 3rd, 2018,”—the day
Randall was admitted to the hospital, Randall responded: “Didn’t we invade
Japan on one of these dates? I don’t know. Is it supposed to be significant
otherwise?” When asked to explain why he was admitted to the hospital, Randall
described an incident involving a gun he kept in his home:

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No. 2019AP197

[M]y wife and I were discussing some private things that
happened in the past and she mentioned something about
you might want to take this gun and—which I kept in the
closet, and do me in, and we wrestled for that gun, and
instead of my taking it down in the sewer and throwing it in
a manhole that we have in the basement, I took it outside to
get it away from her.

¶13 For purposes of guardianship of Randall’s person, the circuit court
found that Randall had an impairment due to a degenerative brain disease
rendering him unable to effectively receive and evaluate information or to make or
communicate decisions to such an extent that he could not meet the essential
requirements for his physical safety and health. The court expressed concern
about Randall’s admission to throwing away his medications, noting that it
suggested Randall was either not listening to his doctor’s recommendations, or he
did not have “insight into [his] personal situation.”

¶14 With respect to the guardianship of Randall’s estate, the circuit court
found that Randall was unable to effectively receive and evaluate information or to
make decisions related to management of his property or financial affairs, and
because of Randall’s lack of insight and issues of judgment and memory loss,
there was a substantial risk Randall could be exploited financially. The court
further found that Randall was in need of assistance in decision making and that
his needs in that respect could not be met effectively and less restrictively through
other appropriate means. The court also expressed concern with respect to
Randall’s access to firearms.

¶15 Turning to the petition for protective placement, the circuit court
found Randall incompetent. The court further found that as a result of the
progression of Randall’s permanent disability, he has a primary need for
residential care and custody. Using evidence of the situation involving the gun,

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No. 2019AP197

the court additionally found Randall incapable of providing for his own care and
custody, thus creating a substantial risk of serious harm to himself or others.

¶16 On appeal, Randall does not appear to dispute that Dr. Galli’s
testimony technically satisfied the elements for guardianship and protective
placement. Rather, he claims that Jennifer could not rely solely on Dr. Galli’s
opinions because Dr. Galli provided only conclusory, “one-word,” testimony. We
understand this to mean that Randall claims Dr. Galli testified using only “yes” or
“no” answers to questions. Randall concedes, however, that he cannot identify
any authority to support his claim that Jennifer was required to present specific
examples of Randall’s behavior in order to prove each element.

¶17 For Jennifer to meet her burden of proof as to guardianship, she was
required to present a witness “who is qualified by experience, training and
independent knowledge of [Randall]’s mental health to give a medical or
psychological opinion.” See Therese B., 267 Wis. 2d 310, ¶13. Randall does not
challenge Dr. Galli’s qualification to render opinions on these matters. Ultimately,
Randall ignores our standard of review and asks us to reweigh the evidence. We
do not reweigh evidence or reassess witness credibility—rather, we will search the
record for evidence that supports findings the circuit court made, not for findings it
could have made but did not. See Noble v. Noble, 2005 WI App 227, ¶¶15-16,
287 Wis. 2d 699, 706 N.W.2d 166. We conclude the record fully supports the
circuit court’s findings regarding the need for a guardian of Randall’s person and
estate, as well as the need for protective placement.

By the Court.—Orders affirmed.

This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)5.

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