In Re The Marriage Of: Joseph Thomas Rohde, Resp./cr-app. V. Shudan Zhu Rohde, App./cr-resp.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
In the Matter of the Marriage of
JOSEPH THOMAS ROHDE,
Respondent/Cross Appellant,
and
SHUDAN ZHU ROHDE,
Appellant/Cross Respondent.
No. 69442-1-1
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DIVISION ONE
UNPUBLISHED OPINION 	CO 	?,?.
»\)
FILED: March 31, 2014
Grosse, J. — When the record supports a finding that a parent's bonus
income was 	non-recurring, 	the decision to exclude 	it from the child support
calculation is within the trial court's discretion. Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
Joseph (Joe) and Shudan (Danni) Rohde1 were married in 2003. 	They
have two children, J.R. and N.R., ages 6 and 3 at the time of trial. 	The couple
separated in June 2011 and Joe petitioned for dissolution shortly thereafter.
When the parties married, Joe was employed with Microsoft. 	He later took
a position as a software developer with Valve Software in July 2009, where he
currently works. 	In 	addition to his base annual salary of $185,000.00, Joe
received discretionary bonuses in varying amounts.
Danni was born in China and came to the United States in 1997. 	She
earned 	a four year degree in 	China and after arriving 	in the United 	States,
studied accounting at Seattle Central Community College. 	When the parties
1The parties will be referred to bytheir first names to avoid confusion.

No. 69442-1-1/2
married, 	Danni 	worked 	for 	a 	small 	stone 	import 	business 	and 	then 	as 	a
bookkeeper for Stonepath Logistics, earning approximately $29,000.00 annually.
She eventually left Stonepath and was admitted to the accounting program at the
University of Washington. 	At that time, she was pregnant with the parties' first
child and never enrolled in the program. 	She has since not worked outside of the
home.
The 	older son, 	J.R., 	was 	born 	in 	May 	2006 	and 	N.R. 	was 	born 	in
September 2009. 	J.R. has been diagnosed with high functioning autism and has
been receiving services for this condition since 2008. 	J.R. also attended day
care 	since 	he 	was two 	years 	old 	in an 	effort to 	provide 	more 	peer social
experiences for him, which 	Danni was advised would 	be very helpful for his
autism. 	While J.R. was in day care, Danni was also caring for N.R. who was a
newborn at the time. 	N.R. also eventually attended day care in some capacity.
After a trial, the court ordered a parenting plan that designated Danni as
the primary residential parent, giving Joe 6 out of 14 overnights with the children.
The 	court also 	ordered 	that Joe 	make 	a 	child 	support transfer 	payment of
$1,503.20 based on a monthly net income of $7,695.59. 	Additionally, the court
ordered Joe to make monthly maintenance payments to Danni in the amount of
$4,500.00 for 36 months. 	The court conditioned the maintenance award on
Danni being enrolled in school full time by January 2013, working toward her
accounting degree.
On 	September 	30, 	2012, 	the 	trial 	court 	denied 	Danni's 	motion 	for
reconsideration 	and 	motion 	for 	a 	new 	trial. 	Danni 	appeals. 	Joe 	filed 	a
conditional cross appeal. 	Pending the appeal, in February 7, 2013, Danni and
2

No. 69442-1-1/3
Joe entered into a CR 2A agreement that provided that maintenance would be
paid without the requirement that Danni attend school so long as Danni resides
inside Creekside school district boundaries and J.R. attends Creekside schools.
ANALYSIS
I. 	Child Support
Danni 	contends 	that 	the 	trial 	court 	erred 	by failing to 	include 	Joe's
discretionary bonuses as part of his gross income for purposes of establishing
child support. We disagree.
We review a trial court's decision on child support for a manifest abuse of
discretion 	and 	will 	uphold 	it 	if 	supported 	by 	substantial 	evidence.2 	RCW
26.19.071(1) 	requires 	that 	"[a]ll 	income 	and 	resources 	of each 	parent's
household 	shall 	be 	disclosed 	and 	considered 	by the 	court when 	the 	court
determines the child support obligation of each parent." 	RCW 26.19.071 (3)(r)
provides that "monthly gross income shall 	include 	income from 	any source,
including . . . [b]onuses." 	But RCW 26.19.075(1 )(b) permits a court to deviate
from the standard child support calculation if it finds that a source of income,
such as a bonus, is nonrecurring. 	The statute provides:
The court may deviate from the standard calculation based on a
finding that a particular source of income included in the calculation
of the basic support obligation is not a recurring source of income.
Depending on the circumstances, nonrecurring income may include
overtime, 	contract-related 	benefits, 	bonuses, 	or 	income 	from
second jobs. 	Deviations for nonrecurring income shall be based on
a review of the nonrecurring income received in the previous two
calendar years.[3]
At 	trial, 	the evidence 	showed 	an 	annual 	adjusted 	gross 	income 	of
2 Mattson v. Mattson, 95 Wn. App. 592, 599, 976 P.2d 157 (1999).
3 RCW 26.19.075(1 )(b).

No. 69442-1-1/4
$220,679.00 	on 	the 	parties' 	most 	recent tax 	return, 	and 	that 	Joe 	received
performance bonuses in the past three years: for the first year he received a
bonus of $30,000.00, the second year he received $40,000.00, and the third year
he received $30,000.00. 	But there was no evidence that there would be any
future performance bonuses and Joe also testified that his performance at work
had "become an issue" over the last year.
The 	trial court 	set Joe's 	gross 	monthly 	income 	at 	$15,416.70, 	which
reflects 	his base salary of $185,000.00, excluding any bonus. 	The court set
Danni's 	gross 	monthly income 	at 	$4,500.00, 	the 	total 	amount 	of 	monthly
maintenance, and did not impute any income to her. The court explained:
Having set the mother's maintenance at $4,500 and the father's
total gross, 	mother is [sic] $15,416.70. And that reflects a base
salary of $185,000. I included as a comment that the father has a
variable annual bonus up to $20,000 per year because that needs
to be part of the decision making. That works out to a payment per
month of $1,151 for [J.R.], $1,151 for [N.R.], which is 65 and 35
percent respectively.
And I should tell you, I went through this several ways. 	I did
not want to impute income to the mother while she was in school.
That seems unfair. . . .
Danni fails to show that the trial court abused its discretion by excluding
the discretionary bonuses from 	Joe's gross 	annual 	income. 	The court was
permitted to do so under RCW 26.19.075(1 )(b) based on its finding that the
bonus was 	not recurring. 	The 	record supports 	this finding. 	The evidence
showed that the bonuses were discretionary and 	performance based, that the
amount decreased in the last year, and that there was no certainty that Joe
would receive one this year or in the future. 	Additionally, as Joe notes, the court
declined to impute income to Danni even though there was support in the record

No. 69442-1-1/5
that she had potential annual earnings of $29,000.00. 	This was a reasonable
trade off for the exclusion of the discretionary bonuses. 	Danni fails to show that
the trial court abused its discretion.
II. 	Residential Schedule
Danni 	next contends that the trial court erred by declining to designate
Chinese New Year as her holiday every year. 	We disagree.
In her proposed parenting plan, Danni requested that the children spend
Chinese New Year with her. 	At trial, the parenting evaluator recommended that
Chinese New Year be spent with the mother and American New Year with the
father and testified as follows:
Q: On page 24, you've 	recommended 	that 	Chinese 	New Year
should be spent with the mother each year and the American New
Year with the father each year.
A: Right.
Q: Is it your understanding that Danni is not an American citizen or
is an American citizen?
A: Well, no. But my understanding is that she wanted Chinese New
Year every year.
Q: So was it something 	she had to trade, 	like she can get the
Chinese New Year if she has to give up the American New Year?
A: It just seemed like a good distribution of, an equitable distribution
of holidays. 	I don't think it has anything to do with that.
The issue was raised again during Danni's examination of a witness called
to testify about the parent evaluator's bias. 	Danni argued that the parenting
evaluator showed racial/cultural bias in the New Year's recommendation:
Q: On the issue having to do with New Year's.
COURT: I think that's a matter for argument. I really do.
MR. GLASS [Counsel for Danni]: I think it as something very
subtle but yet -
COURT: It's not methodology.
MR. GLASS: I think it shows bias.
COURT: You think it shows racial and cultural bias is what
you think.
5

No. 69442-1-1/6
MR. GLASS: Yeah, I do.
COURT: I don't know that it does. It could.
MR. GLASS: Well, let me say I know her. 	It's not being -
COURT: 	I don't know if he's going to be able to say that
shows racial and cultural bias to give the father New Year's on the
31st of December every year and to give the mother Chinese New
Year's. She's an American citizen, she was here, she has American
children. You know, is that racial and cultural bias? I think we all
probably have our opinions about that.
In the final parenting plan, the court did not include Chinese New Year in
the holiday schedule. The court explained:
Then 	with respect to winter 	vacation, 	I dropped 	out 	the
notion of Chinese New Year's because it is, it falls differently every
year. 	And so if it happens to fall when the kids are with the mom,
they spend it with the mom; otherwise not. 	Because the mother
was so aggrieved about not having New Year's, so I did an odd-
even 	with 	respect to the 	Christmas holiday and 	the 	New Year
holiday. 	So I think that's a more appropriate way. 	It kind of splits
up the Christmas vacation, but I ignored Chinese New Year.
I did even/odd on the New Year's and just took out Chinese New
Year's because I think it's a source of problems.
Danni 	fails 	to 	show that the 	court abused 	its discretion 	in excluding
Chinese New Year. 	The court did not fail to consider this 	request as Danni
claims; 	the 	court considered 	it in 	the 	context of her additional 	request for
American 	New 	Year's 	day. 	According 	to the 	record, 	Danni 	wanted every
Chinese New Year in addition to the American New Year. 	Because this would
give Danni an additional holiday and it fell differently every year, we cannot say it
was unreasonable for the court to decide to alternate the American New Year's
day and allow the children to be with whichever parent they happen to be with on
the day Chinese New Year falls. 	Danni fails to show that this attempt to evenly
divide the holidays was an abuse of discretion.

No. 69442-1-1/7
III. Maintenance
Danni 	challenges 	the 	court's 	maintenance 	award 	as 	unreasonably
conditioning it on her full-time enrollment in an accounting degree program while
caring for young children at home, one of whom has special needs. 	Both parties
acknowledge that they have since entered into a CR 2A agreement that waives
this 	condition 	so 	long 	as 	Danni 	resides 	in 	the 	Creekside 	school 	district
boundaries. 	In his brief, Joe contends the issue is moot because this court "can
no 	longer 	provide 	effective 	relief."4 	But at oral 	argument, 	counsel for 	Joe
conceded that the issue was no longer moot as Danni had in fact moved out of
the Creekside school district and was attending school in order to receive her
maintenance.
The trial court has broad discretion to award spousal maintenance.5 	The
relevant statutory factors the court must consider under RCW 26.09.090, include
each party's financial resources; the age, physical and emotional condition, and
financial obligations of the spouse seeking maintenance; 	the standard of living
during the marriage; the duration of the marriage; and the time needed to acquire
education 	necessary to obtain 	employment.6 	RCW 	26.09.090 	places 	one
limitation on the amount and duration of maintenance: the award must be just.7
Here, the trial court concluded that the reason for the maintenance was "to
help support her education," and conditioned it on her being enrolled full time to
4 Br. of Resp't at 19 (citing State v. Enlow, 143 Wn. App. 463, 470, 178 P.3d 366
(2008)).
5 Bulicek v. Bulicek, 59 Wn. App. 630, 633, 800 P.2d 394 (1990).
6 RCW 26.09.090; In re Marriage of Vander Veen, 62 Wn. App. 861, 867, 815
P.2d 843 (1991).
7 In re Marriage of Luckev, 73 Wn. App. 201, 209, 868 P.2d 189 (1994).
7

No. 69442-1-1/8
complete her education. 	The court set the amount at $4,500.00 per month for a
duration of three years, the time it would take for her to complete her degree in a
full-time program. 	Considering the relevant statutory factors, Danni fails to show
this was an abuse of discretion.
"The purpose of spousal maintenance is to support a spouse, typically the
wife, 	until 	she 	is 	able 	to 	earn 	her 	own 	living 	or 	otherwise 	become 	self
supporting."8 	Here, the marriage was relatively short—eight years—and Danni
had 	already 	received 	a 	year 	of support. 	She 	had 	also 	previously earned
$29,000.00 as a bookkeeper and freight forwarder. 	Additionally, Danni received
a disproportionate share of the marital estate. 	Thus, the court recognized that
she was already capable of supporting herself without maintenance.9
Danni contends that the trial court failed to consider the statutory factor of
"[t]he time necessary to acquire sufficient education or training to enable the
party seeking maintenance to find employment."10 	She contends that the court
did not explain how she would be able to handle full-time school while being the
majority caregiver for an autistic child and a three-year-old. 	But as Joe points
out, the evidence showed that the autistic child was starting first grade four
months before Danni was required to start attending school full time, and that she
regularly placed both children in day care when she was not working or attending
school. 	Additionally, 6 out of 14 days they did not reside with her. 	Thus, the
record supports the court's finding that she could reasonably attend school full
8 Luckev. 73 Wn. App. at 209.
9 See In re Marriage of Wright. 78 Wn. App. 230, 238, 896 P.2d 735 (1995)
(concluding that "the unequal distribution of property also obviated the need for
spousal maintenance as it substantially improved [the wife]'s financial position").
10RCW 26.09.090(1 )(b). 8

No. 69442-1-1/9
time while the children were either in school or day care for the 8 out of 14 days
they resided with her.11
IV. Attorney's Lien
Finally, Danni challenges the court's order requiring that her attorney fees
be paid out of her portion of the proceeds of the sale of the marital home. 	She
contends 	that 	the 	court 	denied 	her 	due 	process 	by 	not 	allowing 	her 	an
opportunity to adjudicate the fee dispute with her lawyer. 	Joe does not take a
position on this issue as he is not a party to this attorney fee dispute.
On 	August 	7, 	2012, 	Danni's 	lawyer, 	Allen 	Glass, 	filed 	a 	motion 	for
judgment on attorney fees and notice of withdrawal. 	The basis for the motion
was that Danni had fired Glass with a balance on attorney fees still owing. 	On
August 8, 	2012, 	Danni filed 	a 	response to the motion for judgment, 	mostly
contesting the fees and the quality of Glass's representation.
On August 10, 2012, the court addressed the motion for attorney fees.
The court considered the requested fees and determined them to be reasonable.
But the court questioned its ability to enter a judgment on the fees and instead
stated that it would order the fees to 	be deducted from the house proceeds
allocated to Danni. 	On August 13, 2012, Glass filed a notice of lien for attorney
fees and costs. 	On August 29, 2012, the court entered the decree of dissolution,
which included a provision stating, "Respondent's attorney's lien shall be paid
from wife's portion of the proceeds."
RCW 60.40.010, the attorney's lien statute, provides in relevant part:
11 As a practical matter, the fact that she is currently enrolled full time is further
evidence that it is not completely unmanageable for her to do so.

No. 69442-1-1/10
(1) 	An attorney has a lien for his or her compensation, whether
specifically agreed upon or implied, as hereinafter provided:
(a) Upon the papers of the client, which have come into the
attorney's 	possession 	in the 	course 	of 	his 	or 	her 	professional
employment;
(b) Upon money in the attorney's hands belonging to the
client;
(d) Upon an action, including one pursued by arbitration or
mediation, and its proceeds after the commencement thereof to the
extent of the value of any services performed by the attorney in the
action, or if the services were rendered under a special agreement,
for the sum due under such agreement; and
(e) 	Upon 	a 	judgment to 	the 	extent of the 	value 	of any
services performed by the attorney in the action, or if the services
were rendered under a special agreement, for the sum due under
such agreement, from the time of filing notice of such lien or claim
with the clerk of the court in which such judgment is entered, which
notice must be filed with the papers in the action in which such
judgment was 	rendered, 	and 	an 	entry made 	in 	the 	execution
docket, showing name of claimant, amount claimed and date of
filing notice.
(2) Attorneys have the same right and power over actions to
enforce their liens under subsection (1)(d) of this section and over
judgments to enforce their liens under subsection (1)(e) of this
section as their clients have for the amount due thereon to them.
RCW 60.40.030 provides:
Procedure when lien is claimed. If, however, the attorney claim[s]
a 	lien, 	upon the 	money or papers, 	under the 	provisions of this
chapter, 	the 	court 	or judge may: (1) Impose 	as a 	condition of
making the order, that the client give security in a form and amount
to be directed, to satisfy the lien, when determined in an action; (2)
summarily to inquire into the facts on which the claim of a lien is
founded, and determine the same; or (3) to refer it, and upon the
report, determine the same as in other cases.
As this court noted in King Countv v. Seawest Investment Associates,
LLC, the statute does not set out a procedure for adjudicating a lien against a
10

No. 69442-1-1/11
judgment.12 The court in Seawest held that the statute does not require that such
an action be separate from the underlying proceeding.13 	Rather, the question of
how to properly adjudicate the lien is placed on the trial court, "requiring it to
fashion 	some 	'form of proceeding 	by which 	the 	matters 	might 	be 	properly
adjudicated.'"14 	The court further concluded that a trial court complies with due
process so long as it gives the client an opportunity to contest the lien and noted
that there, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing and determined that the fee
agreement was enforceable and the fees were reasonable.15 The court then held
that the procedure followed by the trial court fully complied with due process,
acknowledging that the lack of a full 	adversarial hearing in 	adjudicating an
attorney's lien does not necessarily amount to a denial of due process.16
Similarly here, Danni was given an opportunity to contest the lien. 	She did
so and filed a response that made challenges to specific billings and submitted
documentation 	as 	exhibits. 	After reviewing 	the 	billings, 	the 	court 	made 	a
determination that the fees were reasonable:
Certainly the fees are reasonable, particularly - I mean, I looked at
the descriptors and I considered the work that you did at trial, the
preparation, 	the 	post-trial 	work. 	And 	then 	I 	looked 	at 	the
recalculation at 75 percent. And the remaining amount due, which
is, I don't know, somewhere between $4,000 and $5,000. 	That is
an appropriate amount. . ..
No, I thought the total fee for the work that had been done was
12 141 Wn. App. 304, 315, 170 P.3d 53 (2007).
13141 Wn. App. at 315.
14 Seawest. 141 Wn. App. at 315 (quoting State ex rel. Angeles Brewing &
Malting Co. v. Kino Countv Superior Court. 89 Wash. 342, 345, 154 P. 603
(1916)).
*5 Seawest. 141 Wn. App. at 315-16.
16 Seawest. 141 Wn. App. at 316. 11

No. 69442-1-1/12
quite reasonable. And I thought the quality of the work was good
because as I said earlier, I got all of the information 	I needed to
make a decision. 	And it may not be a decision that your client is
happy with, but it is the kind of information that I get when I have
good lawyers in the courtroom ....
Danni fails to show that the trial court's determination denied her due process.
We affirm.17
WE CONCUR:
V
t -LlJ rS~\ ~t hSS
17 Joe filed a conditional cross appeal challenging the court's failure to impute
income to Danni, which would be raised only if a remand is ordered. 	Br. of
Resp't at 28. Accordingly, because we affirm the trial court, we do not address
the cross appeal.
12