Campione v. Best

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals

Elizabeth Campione, Appellant/Respondent,

v.

Willie Best, Respondent/Appellant.

Appellate Case No. 2018-002017

Appeal From Richland County
Dana A. Morris, Family Court Judge

Opinion No. 5874
Submitted May 3, 2021 – Filed December 1, 2021

AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED IN PART

Victoria L. Eslinger and Marcus A. Manos, both of
Nexsen Pruet, LLC, of Columbia, for
Appellant/Respondent.

Suzanne L. Hawkins, of Duff Freeman Lyon, LLC, of
Columbia, for Respondent/Appellant.

HILL, J.: Elizabeth Campione and Willie Best divorced in 2008 after thirty-three
years of marriage. The parties entered into property settlement agreements in 2008
and 2009, which were approved by and became non-modifiable orders of the Family
Court. At the time of the divorce, Best owned numerous patents and other
intellectual property, which he valued at $30 million on his financial declaration.
Their settlement agreement included the following provision:
Husband has been and is currently receiving payments
from patents, trademarks, and licensing agreements.
Husband anticipates continuing to receive such payments
for current and future patents, trademarks, and licensing
agreements. From the funds which are being paid from
Husband's current and future patents, trademarks, and
licensing agreements, Husband shall pay to Wife the sum
of $50,000 per year, which shall be paid in equal
consecutive quarterly installments of $12,500 per quarter
. . . . The payments shall be made from the funds Husband
earns from current and future patents, trademarks, and
licensing agreements. If Husband earns less than $50,000,
Wife shall receive all of that which Husband earns. If
Husband earns in excess of $50,000, Husband shall have
all the funds which exceed the $50,000.

The 2009 supplemental agreement also required Best to maintain Campione as the
irrevocable beneficiary on Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Policies Nos. 052
and 198. It is undisputed Best later substituted his company as the sole beneficiary
in place of Campione on Policy No. 198 but simultaneously named Campione as
beneficiary of a new policy with a similar benefit amount.

The parties' agreement further provided Best would pay Campione $12,000 in
monthly alimony by direct deposit. After the divorce, Best paid his monthly alimony
obligation by directly depositing his social security check into Campione's account,
together with a second payment for the balance. Best's social security benefit
increased over time, but he never reduced the amount of his second payment,
resulting in an overpayment of alimony to Campione.

In 2016, Campione brought this contempt action against Best, claiming he had failed
to make the quarterly payments and maintain her as the beneficiary on Policy No.
198. Best countered with his own contempt action, alleging he had overpaid
Campione alimony.

Best claimed he ceased the quarterly payments because he sold all the patents to
Char-Broil in 2009. In the sale, Char-Broil purchased the patents from Best for
$20,625,000. In return, Best obtained a note wherein Char-Broil promised to pay
him $375,000 per quarter through June 2023. Best had recently received advice

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from a patent lawyer that the sale meant Char-Broil owned the patents and the sale
proceeds were no longer subject to the quarterly payment provision.

The Family Court ruled the quarterly payments provision was broad enough to
encompass the Char-Broil payments and Best must resume making them. It further
ruled Best owed Campione $75,000 plus interest in missed payments. The Family
Court refused to hold Best in "willful contempt because he has taken the position
that he was, perhaps, relying on the advice of an attorney."

However, Best was held in contempt for removing Campione as beneficiary on
Policy No. 198. As to Best's contempt action, the court found Campione did not
violate the order by retaining the $26,025 in alimony overpayments but allowed Best
to set the overpayments off against the $75,000 he owed Campione in past due
quarterly payments. Finally, the Family Court awarded Campione $60,000 in
attorney's fees and costs. Both sides now appeal.

I. Standard of Review for Civil Contempt

Civil contempt occurs when a party willfully disobeys a clear and definite court
order. See Phillips v. Phillips, 288 S.C. 185, 188, 341 S.E.2d 132, 133 (1986); see
also Welchel v. Boyter, 260 S.C. 418, 421, 196 S.E.2d 496, 498 (1973) (to support
contempt finding, language of court order "must be clear and certain rather than
implied"). In the context of civil contempt, an act is willful if it is "done voluntarily
and intentionally with the specific intent to do something the law forbids, or with the
specific intent to fail to do something the law requires to be done; that is to say, with
bad purpose either to disobey or disregard the law." Spartanburg Cnty. Dep't of Soc.
Servs. v. Padgett, 296 S.C. 79, 82–83, 370 S.E.2d 872, 874 (1988) (citation omitted).
Contempt must be proven by clear and convincing evidence, and the record must
demonstrate the specific contemptuous act. Ex parte Lipscomb, 398 S.C. 463, 469,
730 S.E.2d 320, 323 (Ct. App. 2012); Curlee v. Howle, 277 S.C. 377, 382, 287
S.E.2d 915, 918 (1982). We review contempt orders for abuse of discretion,
meaning we may only disturb them if they are based on incorrect law or inadequate
evidence. Means v. Means, 277 S.C. 428, 431, 288 S.E.2d 811, 812–13 (1982).1

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Although Stoney v. Stoney, 422 S.C. 593, 595–96, 813 S.E.2d 486, 487 (2018), did
not address family court contempt actions or overrule Means, we are mindful it may
mean our standard of review is de novo rather than abuse of discretion. Even if we
widened our scope of review to de novo as to each issue raised by this appeal, it

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II.

A. The Quarterly Payment Provision

Best contends the Family Court erred in finding the Char-Broil payments were
covered by the quarterly payment provision. Campione claims the Family Court
erred in not finding Best in contempt of the provision.

A court order or judgment is construed like any written instrument. Doe v. Bishop
of Charleston, 407 S.C. 128, 135, 754 S.E.2d 494, 498 (2014). Whether a court
order is clear and unambiguous is a question of law for the court. Courts are
empowered to interpret their own orders, and the interpretation does not typically
require or permit translation by witness opinion. The Family Court quite correctly
refused to allow Best's patent counsel to testify about his interpretation of the
quarterly payment provision. See Carter v. Bryant, 429 S.C. 298, 313, 838 S.E.2d
523, 531 (Ct. App. 2020) (expert testimony on law generally inadmissible). In fact,
there was no room for interpretation as the intent and meaning of the quarterly
payment provision is readily revealed by its plain language. Doe, 407 S.C. at 135,
754 S.E.2d at 498.

We agree with the Family Court that the quarterly payment provision covers the
Char-Broil payments as they represent funds Best continues to earn from patents.
Viewing the record against the quarterly payment order, there is no fair ground to
doubt the Char-Broil payments were subject to it. The payments are earnings from
patents he owned at the time of the agreement, which comprise a fund from which
he is being paid until 2023. To be sure, Best could have structured the 2009 sale to
receive the entire sale price that same year and had that happened he would not have
had to pay Campione from those funds beyond that date. But that is not what
happened.

While we agree with the Family Court's reading of the quarterly payment provision,
we agree with Campione that there is clear and convincing evidence Best willfully
violated it. The provision was a clear and unambiguous order of the Court. That is
likely why Best continued to make the quarterly payments for seven years after the
Char-Broil sale. He boasted that after he signed the provision, he never read it again
until this contempt action arose. This curious admission sinks Best's claim that he

would not affect our resolution. We would decide each issue the same. See also
Lewis v. Lewis, 392 S.C. 381, 709 S.E.2d 650 (2011).

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sought the advice from patent counsel before stopping the payments and the
contempt action began. It also puts to bed any idea Best was acting in good faith.

As to Best's reliance on the advice of counsel, we hold even had he obtained the
advice before stopping the payments, it would be no defense to a civil contempt
action. Columbia Water Power Co. v. City of Columbia, 4 S.C. 388, 401 (1873)
(advice of counsel not a defense to contempt but may be a mitigation); see also Ex
parte Chambers, 898 S.W.2d 257, 261 (Tex. 1995) (same); see generally 17 Am.
Jur. 2d Contempt § 145; 17 C.J.S. Contempt § 61. We decline to permit the mere
advice of counsel to immunize parties from claims of contemptuously disobeying
plain and explicit court orders.

We acknowledge a party who attempts in good faith to comply with a court order
should not be held in contempt. Lipscomb, 398 S.C. at 470, 730 S.E.2d at 324. But
the record discloses Best's road to contempt was not paved with good faith but with
cunning. See State ex rel. Love v. Howell, 285 S.C. 53, 55, 328 S.E.2d 77, 78 (1985).
For instance, Best insisted the stream of payments from Char-Broil he has received
since the 2009 sale were not earnings from his patents but from "the note." In the
contempt context, failure to obey is not excused just because a party dons blinders
and convinces himself a court order does not mean what it plainly says. We therefore
reverse the Family Court order on this issue and hold Best willfully violated the
quarterly payment provision.

B. The Life Insurance Beneficiary Provision

Best asserts the Family Court erred in finding he committed contempt by switching
out the beneficiary on Policy No. 198. He maintains the switch caused Campione
no harm because he named her as the beneficiary of a new policy in a similar amount.
Best explained he made the switch to save on premiums and ease the financial stress
he and his company were under after the recession. These events provided no license
to disobey the court order. See Means, 277 S.C. at 431, 288 S.E.2d at 812–813
(holding ex-husband in contempt for removing wife as beneficiary of life insurance
policy in violation of court order; ex-husband's claim that he was forced to cash in
policy to pay for son's education unavailing). Besides, Campione was harmed. The
record reverbs with concrete proof of the anxiety she endured and the needless time
and energy she spent trying to restore the financial security the life insurance
provision was designed to provide her. We therefore affirm that Best's removal of
Campione as the beneficiary of Policy No. 198 constituted civil contempt.

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C. Set Off of Best's Alimony Overpayments Against His Quarterly Payment
Debt

Campione assails the Family Court's set off ruling on several grounds. She first
claims set off was an affirmative defense Best failed to plead. This argument
misfires, as the set off issue arose from Best's–not Campione's–contempt pleading.
As such, the concept of an affirmative defense does not apply.

Next, Campione contends Best is equitably estopped from refund of the
overpayment because he failed to monitor the amount of his social security benefit,
causing Campione to rely on the additional alimony. Estoppel has numerous
elements, including affirmatively misleading conduct by a party with the intent that
the other party rely upon it to her detriment and that the relying party lacked
knowledge of or the means to obtain knowledge of the true facts. Rodarte v. Univ.
of S.C., 419 S.C. 592, 601, 799 S.E.2d 912, 916–17 (2017). Best's conduct was more
akin to inattention than intent, and estoppel does not bar his right to a refund,
particularly as Campione knew or should have known of the overpayment when it
hit her account. The Family Court based the set off on its equity powers, powers we
conclude were sensibly used.

Finally, Campione claims the Family Court erred by receiving information after the
final hearing about Best's historical social security benefit amounts and then ruling
on the set off amount without convening an additional hearing. Despite opportunity,
Campione never objected to this procedure, and consequently, the issue is not
preserved for our review.

D. Attorney's Fee Award

Best protests the $60,000 attorney's fee award as being too much; Campione says it
is too little. We agree with the Family Court that Campione's requested fees of
$110,000 far exceeded the range of reasonableness for the issues tried. The correct
measure for attorney's fees awards in civil contempt cases focuses on the
reasonableness of the fees sought and the benefit obtained without regard to the
financial impact of the award. Miller v. Miller, 375 S.C. 443, 463, 652 S.E.2d 754,
764 (Ct. App. 2007). Fee awards in contempt cases serve to reimburse a party for
the reasonable fees and costs incurred to enforce a court order, not to punish. Poston
v. Poston, 331 S.C. 106, 114, 502 S.E.2d 86, 90 (1998). Therefore, the Family Court
should have applied the Miller and Poston factors rather than the criteria for
awarding fees in other types of family court matters as set forth in E.D.M. v. T.A.M.,

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307 S.C. 471, 476–77, 415 S.E.2d 812, 816 (1992) (entitlement to attorney's fees),
and Glasscock v. Glasscock, 304 S.C. 158, 161, 403 S.E.2d 313, 315 (1991)
(amount). Fortunately, this is of no moment here as the Family Court order well
analyzed the reasonableness of Campione's fees and the benefits she obtained. We
therefore affirm the award of $60,000 in fees to Campione.

AFFIRMED IN PART AND REVERSED IN PART.2

THOMAS and GEATHERS, JJ., concur.

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We decide this case without oral argument pursuant to Rule 215, SCACR.

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