Gary C. Marter v. Celeste G. Marter

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2013-CA-01393-COA

GARY C. MARTER APPELLANT

v.

CELESTE G. MARTER APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06/13/2013
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. PERCY L. LYNCHARD JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: GRENADA COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: HELEN BAGWELL KELLY
LORI MICHELLE SOLINGER
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: JAMES H. POWELL III
MARK KEVIN HORAN
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - DOMESTIC RELATIONS
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: VALUED 120 ACRES AT $110,000
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED: 05/12/2015
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

EN BANC.

FAIR, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. This is the second appeal arising from the Grenada County Chancery Court’s

valuation of 120 acres of land in a divorce proceeding. We conclude that the chancellor did

the best he could with the evidence presented to him and that the value assigned to the

property fits squarely within the range of estimates available. We affirm.

FACTS

¶2. Gary and Celeste Marter were granted an irreconcilable-differences divorce in 2010.

They could not agree on a division of the marital estate, so they submitted that issue to the
chancery court for resolution. Unhappy with the result, Gary appealed.

¶3. This Court, in Marter v. Marter, 95 So. 3d 733 (Miss. Ct. App. 2012), largely affirmed

the chancellor’s decision, but we remanded the case for a valuation of 120 acres of land

owned by Gary and Celeste. The chancellor had assigned a value of $110,000 to the 120

acres, but this Court was concerned because the chancellor did not explain how he had

arrived at that value. It was unclear whether that value was intended to include the value of

trees and a workshop located on the property. Id. at 738 (¶19).

¶4. In Marter I, we explained the history of the 120 acres as follows:

Gary and Celeste owned 120 acres of land in Grenada, Mississippi. Celeste
had inherited an undivided one-half interest in the 120 acres from her
grandfather sometime between the late 1980s and early 1990s. Celeste’s sister
held the remaining one-half interest. During the marriage, [in 1998,] the
Marters purchased the sister’s one-half interest using marital funds. Gary
testified that Celeste’s inherited interest and the interest purchased during the
marriage were titled in Celeste’s name alone. However, in 2007, the Marters
executed a deed conveying the 120 acres to themselves as “joint tenants with
full rights of survivorship and not as tenants in common.” The chancery court
determined that the 60 acres Celeste inherited was her separate property. The
court found that the remaining 60 acres was marital property subject to
equitable distribution.

Id. at 736 (¶5).1

¶5. On remand, the chancellor conducted a hearing to more thoroughly explore the value

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This may be an oversimplification. At times, the parties have said that Celeste and
her sister inherited 50 acres each, and that they had purchased the other 20 acres from
relatives. It is unclear exactly what happened, but the questions of what portion of the
property was marital and what was separate were finally decided in Marter I, and they are
not at issue in this appeal.

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of the 120 acres. It was conceded that the workshop was a fixture on the property and that

it did not have a value separate from the land. After considering all of the evidence presented

at the hearing, the chancellor assigned the same value of $110,000 to the 120 acres. Gary

appeals and again asserts that the chancellor’s valuation is not supported by the evidence.

DISCUSSION

¶6. “Our scope of review in domestic relations matters is limited under the familiar rule

that this Court will not disturb a chancellor’s findings unless manifestly wrong [or] clearly

erroneous, or if the chancellor applied an erroneous legal standard.” Johnson v. Johnson, 650

So. 2d 1281, 1285 (Miss. 1994) (citation omitted).

¶7. “[P]roperty division should be based upon a determination of [the] fair market value

of the assets . . . .” Cuccia v. Cuccia, 90 So. 3d 1228, 1234 (¶13) (Miss. 2012) (quoting

Ferguson v. Ferguson, 639 So. 2d 921, 929 (Miss. 1994)). While expert testimony regarding

valuation may be helpful, it is not required, and a chancery court’s findings on valuation

“may be accomplished by adopting the values cited in the parties’ Uniform Chancery Court

Rule 8.05 financial disclosures, in the testimony, or in other evidence.” Gardner v. Gardner,

130 So. 3d 1162, 1166 (¶19) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013).

¶8. At the second hearing, the chancellor heard testimony from Gary, two appraisers hired

by Gary, and Celeste. On the first day of the first trial, Gary had testified that the marital

interest in the 120 acres was worth $55,000, plus an unstated value for lumber on “28 forest

acres.” On the next day of trial (weeks later), Gary changed his tune. He then claimed the

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entire 120 acres was marital property and that it had a value of about $308,000, valuing the

land without trees at $215,000, 49 acres of pine trees at approximately $62,000, and 32 acres

of hardwood at approximately $31,000. Celeste valued the property at $50,000.

¶9. When asked if his original value of $55,000 was based on the price paid for Celeste’s

sister’s interest, Gary replied, “sort of.” He testified that he and Celeste had paid $42,000

for Celeste’s sister’s interest. Celeste’s Rule 8.05 financial statement valued the 120 acres

at $50,000. She testified that this value was based on the price she and Gary paid for her

sister’s interest, which was approximately $22,000 or $25,000. Several cancelled checks

were entered into evidence that added up to a number that supported Celeste’s account. Gary

could not document the higher purchase price he claimed.

¶10. Gary’s 2010 appraisal, using a market analysis, had valued the land – bare, as if it had

been clear cut – at $215,000. But the appraiser testified that in the past 36 months, he had

found only one comparable sale in Grenada County, so he was forced to consider properties

from other counties. In fact, the property in the same county was the least comparable

because it was undergoing construction and was located in an area where the land values

were higher. The appraiser testified that land values vary widely around the state, but the

properties in other counties he considered were located in similar markets. On cross-

examination, the appraiser was presented with current advertisements for the sale of land in

Grenada County in the $1,000/acre range. Another appraiser valued the trees – this time, 108

acres worth – at approximately $79,000, but he conducted the appraisal in 2013, several years

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after the divorce. The timing of the appraisal calls its relevance into question, though the

appraiser testified that he believed the value of the timber would have been a little higher at

the time of the divorce.

¶11. The chancellor summarized his findings as follows:

As argued by [Celeste] in her proposed findings, the expert testimony
presented was wrought with questionable data. It used comparable property
that was not within the county or even the region (hills vs. delta) of the subject
property. The comparable sales were stale in connection with this property at
the time of valuation and one of the sales was developmental property[,] not
farmland as is the subject property.

That early on during trial of this cause [Gary’s] opinion of the subject property
was that it was of a value of $110,000.00, as previously determined by this
Court.

[Celeste] presented evidence that the original purchase price the parties paid
for the property was $450.00 per acre, when they purchased it in 1998. Other
testimony reflected properties for sale in Grenada County, where the subject
property is located, offered for sale at $1,000.00 per acre.

That the Court takes judicial notice pursuant to Rule 201 of the Mississippi
Rules of Evidence that the Grenada County Tax Assessor valued the property
and timber thereon at the time of divorce in 2010 to be $48,924.00 and taxed
accordingly. Though these valuations may be routinely low, accepting for the
sake of argument that the property is worth twice the true value as assessed by
Grenada County, the property, in toto[,] would have a value of $97,848.00 as
opposed to the original value of $110,000 found by the Court after accepting
the testimony of the parties at $55,000.00 for an undivided one[-]half interest
in the portion subject to equitable distribution.

Considering all of the evidence and testimony with respect to the valuation of
the property, the Court finds the value of the property subject to equitable
distribution to have the value of $110,000.00 for the reasons set forth herein.

¶12. Gary first argues that the chancellor erred in valuing the 120 acres at $110,000

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because neither party placed that specific value on the property . But he presents no authority

supporting this proposition. Instead, the chancellor is the ultimate finder of fact, and as the

finder of fact he is entitled to accept or reject the testimony of witnesses, in whole or in part,

and to give the various testimony the weight it deserves; the chancellor’s findings can be

disturbed only if clearly wrong or derived from the application of an erroneous legal

standard. Mize v. Westbrook Constr. Co. of Oxford LLC, 146 So. 3d 344, 348 (¶6) (Miss.

2014). Our courts have repeatedly recognized that the chancellor is entitled to make an

independent judgment of a property’s value, especially where the estimates of the parties

vary widely. In McKnight v. McKnight, 951 So. 2d 594, 596 (¶¶7, 10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007),

this Court affirmed a valuation where the chancellor had apparently just averaged the two

proposed values, because the evidence in the record supported the conclusion that the low

estimates were too low and the high estimates were too high. We reached the same result in

Williams v. Williams, 129 So. 3d 233, 241 (¶32) (Miss. Ct. App. 2013). “If the court finds

all of the competing values to be inaccurate, it may make its own independent valuation.”

Brett R. Turner, 2 Equitable Distribution of Property § 7:12 (3d ed. 2005).

¶13. Gary next contends that the chancellor erred in considering the tax assessor’s appraisal

of the property, which was noted to be approximately $49,000. The chancellor took notice

of the tax appraiser’s valuation on his own initiative, but without objection from either party.

Gary cites to Watson v. Watson, 882 So. 2d 95, 106-07 (¶¶55-57) (Miss. 2004), where the

supreme court reversed a valuation determined by simply adding 15% to the tax roll

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assessment. The chancellor derived this formula from his own experience, and he applied

it despite all the other evidence in the record supporting a higher value. But, in today’s case,

the chancellor did not apply a rigid formula; he merely noted that he had found the value of

the 120 acres to be significantly in excess of the tax assessment. The chancellor’s

observation does not demonstrate a defect in his reasoning.

¶14. Finally, Gary argues that the chancellor committed reversible error when he failed to

consider the value of the timber separately from the land. In the judgment on remand, the

chancellor expressly noted that there was timber on the property, but he treated it as a fixture

of the land and did not assign it a separate value. Gary offers no authority requiring land and

timber to be valued separately; he only supports this claim by saying that “[Celeste] has never

presented any evidence to contradict [his] contention.” Gary suggests that the chancellor

could not disregard the testimony of Gary’s timber appraiser, but that appraisal was done

years after the divorce, and there was greatly varying testimony as to the value of the timber.

Celeste and the tax assessor valued the land, including the trees, at approximately $50,000.

Gary points out that both of these valuations have their flaws, which the chancellor was very

much aware of. But Gary himself originally valued the land at $55,000 plus the unspecified

value of 28 acres of trees. The timber appraisal he now relies upon was conducted several

years after the divorce and valued 108 acres of timber. “Expert opinions are not obligatory

or binding on triers of fact but are advisory in nature.” Downs v. Ackerman, 115 So. 3d 785,

791 (¶18) (Miss. 2013). In situations like this, “where there is reason to doubt the

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trustworthiness of the appraisal,” the “chancellor is justified in rejecting the values an

appraiser places.” A & L Inc. v. Grantham, 747 So. 2d 832, 842 (¶44) (Miss. 1999).

CONCLUSION

¶15. The chancellor has twice found himself in circumstances such as those described by

this Court in the oft-cited case of Dunaway v. Dunaway, 749 So. 2d 1112, 1121 (¶28) (Miss.

Ct. App. 1999), in which this Court said:

It is our conclusion that the chancellor, faced with proof from both parties that
was something less than ideal, made valuation judgments that find some
evidentiary support in the record. To the extent that the evidence on which the
chancellor based his opinion was less informative than it could have been, we
lay that at the feet of the litigants and not the chancellor.

¶16. We conclude that, as in Dunaway, the chancellor did the best he could with the

evidence presented to him. Id. at 118 (¶14). As this Court will not disturb a chancellor’s

findings unless manifestly wrong or clearly erroneous, our standard of review requires that

the judgment be affirmed. Johnson v. Johnson, 650 So. 2d 1281, 1285 (Miss. 1994) (citation

omitted).

¶17. THE JUDGMENT OF THE GRENADA COUNTY CHANCERY COURT IS
AFFIRMED. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED TO THE
APPELLANT.

LEE, C.J., IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, ROBERTS,
CARLTON, MAXWELL AND JAMES, JJ., CONCUR.

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