Mary Havard v. Avie Hart

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2023-CA-00260-COA

MARY HAVARD APPELLANT

v.

AVIE HART APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11/21/2022
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. KATHY KING JACKSON
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: GEORGE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: LEE TURNER
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: MARK C. CARROLL
LUKE ENTERKIN WHITAKER
KELLY McREYNOLDS McLEOD
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 09/03/2024
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

BEFORE WILSON, P.J., WESTBROOKS AND LAWRENCE, JJ.

LAWRENCE, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Mary Havard was injured in a parking lot after her shopping cart was struck by Avie

Hart’s vehicle. Havard filed a negligence lawsuit against Hart and obtained an entry of

default after Hart did not timely file a response or defense against the claims. Hart alleged

she was never properly served with process and filed a motion to dismiss the action.

Following a hearing, the circuit judge found that Hart was never properly served and thus

dismissed the case. Havard filed a motion to alter or amend the judgment or, alternatively,

for reconsideration or other relief. The circuit court denied the motion. Aggrieved, Havard

appeals. Finding no error, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On August 1, 2017, Havard suffered injuries after Hart’s car struck Havard’s shopping

cart in a parking lot.1 On July 30, 2020, Havard sued Hart for negligence in the George

County Circuit Court. On October 13, 2020, a summons was issued to Hart. She was

allegedly served with process on November 4, 2020, at 8844 Highway 613, Lot 4, in Moss

Point. The proof of service indicates the summons and a copy of the complaint were left at

Hart’s “usual place of abode” with Justin Anderson, a “member of the family” who was over

the age of sixteen and agreed to receive the summons and complaint.2 The process server

also certified that a copy of the summons and complaint were sent by mail to Hart on

November 10, 2020. Unlike the summons, the return of proof of service had two addresses

listed for Hart—the one at which she was allegedly served and another on 3616 Ryland Road.

¶3. Nine months later, on August 25, 2021, Havard filed an application for an entry of

default with the circuit court clerk based upon Hart’s failure to plead, answer, or otherwise

defend the action. The filing included an affidavit from Havard’s attorney as well as copies

of the summons, complaint, and proof of service. On August 26, 2021, the clerk entered a

default against Hart. On October 11, 2021, Hart filed a motion to dismiss asserting improper

1
Appellee’s last name is Hartfield, but she told police her last name was “Hart”
which apparently made service difficult. The record uses both Hartfield and Hart. We use
“Hart” unless quoting the record.
2
Specifically, the process server certified:

After exercising reasonable diligence I was unable to deliver copies to said
person within Jackson County of the State of Mississippi. I served the
summons and complaint on the 4th day of November, 2020 at the usual place
of abode of said person by leaving a copy of the summons and petition with
Justin Anderson a member of the family, person served was above the age of
sixteen years and willing to receive the summons and petition[.]

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service and the statute of limitations. Affidavits from both Hart and her father were attached,

and they stated that Hart never resided at the address listed in the summons and that Justin

Anderson was not a member of their family.3 Hart stated she resided at 101 North

Eastabuchie Road in Moselle, Mississippi. In addition, Hart noticed the motion for a hearing

to be held on January 20, 2022.

¶4. Havard filed a response on January 13, 2022, arguing that Hart had been properly

served and that the motion to dismiss was untimely. The response alleged that “[i]n good

faith, counsel for [Hart] was notified via email on November 19, 2020 that service was made

upon their client” with the complaint and summons attached. Hart filed a memorandum in

response on January 17, 2022. On February 28, 2022, Hart filed a notice of a hearing for

May 2, 2022, on the motion to dismiss.

¶5. On April 26, 2022, Havard filed a motion to supplement her response to Hart’s motion

to dismiss with an affidavit of Christopher Entrekin, the process server. Entrekin stated that

he was given an Accurint report4 on Hart and “looked for [her] on social media.” The report

initially led Entrekin “to an address in a trailer park” to effectuate service, but the home was

unoccupied.5 However, he was “approached by [a] person who exited the neighboring trailer

and was informed that [Hart] was now living at a small home on Ryland Road.” That address

3
In fact, neither Hart nor her father claimed to know Anderson at all.
4
Our record on appeal suggests “Accurint” is a tool used to search public records
online.
5
The affidavit does not list an address for the trailer Entrekin initially visited, but the
order of dismissal appears to confirm the address was the one listed on the initial summons,
8444 Highway 613, Lot 4 in Moss Point.

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was also listed in the Accurint report. Anderson answered the door, and “Hart appeared

behind him asking who I was and what did I want before walking off.” Anderson “agreed”

to give the summons to Hart, so Entrekin “handed everything to him and left.” Entrekin

further stated he “recognized both Justin Anderson and Avie Hart from a Facebook search

[he] did after receiving the Accurint report.”

¶6. On November 21, 2022, the court entered an order ruling on Hart’s motion to

dismiss.6 The order explained:

If a defendant cannot be personally served, service of process upon anyone
other than a family member or someone authorized to accept service on their
behalf is improper. Although notice of this issue had been made by counsel
for the Defendant, the Plaintiff failed to move for an extension of time in
which to serve the defendant.

The court noted that a plaintiff may rebut an improper-service allegation by establishing good

cause. However, “[t]he process server relied solely on social media posts” to deduce that

Anderson and Hart were related and “neglected to take any further steps” after being

informed process had not been served. Accordingly, the court dismissed Havard’s complaint

without prejudice. On November 30, 2022, Havard filed a motion to alter or amend the

judgment and for reconsideration and other relief. The court denied that motion on February

10, 2023. On March 6, 2023, Havard appealed.

DISCUSSION

¶7. Havard argues the trial court abused its discretion by finding that Hart was not served

6
The order was signed on June 6, 2022, but was not entered until November 21,
2022.

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with process.7 Alternatively, she argues the circuit court erroneously found that Havard did

not show good cause.

I. Service of Process

¶8. The Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure state that if an individual cannot be served

with process directly with “reasonable diligence,” service “shall be made” as follows:

by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the defendant’s usual
place of abode with the defendant’s spouse or some other person of the
defendant’s family above the age of sixteen years who is willing to receive
service, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and complaint
(by first class mail, postage prepaid) to the person to be served at the place
where a copy of the summons and of the complaint were left. . . .

M.R.C.P. 4(d)(1)(B) (emphasis added). “When service of process is contested, the trial court

must make findings to resolve disputed issues of fact.” Villavaso v. S.H. Anthony Inc., 309

So. 3d 587, 594 (¶20) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020) (quoting Span ex rel. Span v. Nichols, 306 So.

3d 781, 791 (¶33) (Miss. Ct. App. 2020)). “With regard to service of process, this Court

applies an abuse-of-discretion standard of review to the trial court’s findings of fact.” Id.

(quoting Long v. Vitkauskas, 228 So. 3d 302, 304 (¶5) (Miss. 2017)). “A trial court’s finding

of fact on the existence of good cause for the delay in service of process has been deemed

a discretionary ruling and entitled to deferential review.” Collins v. Westbrook, 184 So. 3d

922, 929 (¶16) (Miss. 2016) (citing Rains v. Gardner, 731 So. 2d 1192, 1197-98 (Miss.

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Havard also asserts that the email (contained in the record) from her attorney to
Hart’s attorney is proof of proper service on the single point that it provided notice.
However, “Mississippi precedent establishes that actual knowledge of a suit does not excuse
proper service of process.” Anderson v. Pascagoula Sch. Dist., 218 So. 3d 296, 303 (¶29)
(Miss. Ct. App. 2017) (emphasis added) (quoting Spurgeon v. Egger, 989 So. 2d 901, 907
(¶22) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007)). Proper service is still required. Id.

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1999)). “When reviewing fact-based findings, this Court examines whether the trial court

abused its discretion and whether there was substantial evidence supporting the

determination.” Id.

¶9. “If a process server has executed a return properly, there is a presumption that service

of process has occurred.” Id. at 929 (¶18) (citing Pointer v. Huffman, 509 So. 2d 870, 872

(Miss. 1987)). “[T]his presumption that service has been effected is rebuttable through the

use of extrinsic evidence, including the testimony of the party who is contesting service.”

Id. (citing McCain v. Dauzat, 791 So. 2d 839, 842 (Miss. 2001)). “[T]estimony by the

contesting party, if believed, is sufficient to overcome the presumption and to support a

finding that she was not served.” Long, 228 So. 3d at 305 (¶9) (quoting Lampton-Reid Co.

v. Allen, 177 Miss. 698, 714, 171 So. 780, 783 (1937)). In this case, Hart presented plenty

of testimony through her own affidavit, as well as her father’s, to rebut the presumption of

proper service. The trial court is permitted to make findings of fact regarding service of

process “based on affidavits with or without live testimony or depositions.” Villavaso, 309

So. 3d at 594 (¶20) (quoting Span, 306 So. 3d at 791 (¶33)).

¶10. The affidavits Hart filed state that neither address the process server visited was her

actual address. “[A] person’s usual place of abode is the place the person is actually living

at the time when the service of process is made.” Priede v. Jones, 282 So. 3d 1266, 1271

(¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2019) (emphasis added) (citing Alpaugh v. Moore, 568 So. 2d 291, 293

(Miss. 1990)). Entrekin’s affidavit made clear that he obtained the addresses from the

Accurint report completed on Hart. That, however, is not enough to prove that Hart was

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“actually living” at the Ryland Road address. In fact, Hart’s father affirmed that he lived at

the Ryland Road address at the time of service, and Hart did not live with him. Hart and her

father both stated that she was living at the address in Moselle at the time of the alleged

service. Havard did not present any evidence to contradict this fact. Our procedural rules

require that “a copy of the summons and complaint [be left] at the defendant’s usual place

of abode[.]” M.R.C.P. 4(d)(1)(B). Havard did not meet this requirement.

¶11. Additionally, Rule 4 requires that the summons and a copy of the complaint be left

with “the defendant’s spouse or some other person of the defendant’s family above the age

of sixteen years who is willing to receive service[.]” Id. Havard’s proof of service explicitly

stated that the summons and complaint were left with Justin Anderson, “a member of the

family.” However, Hart and her father both stated in their affidavits that Anderson is not a

member of their family. What is more, Hart and her father both alleged that they did not

know Anderson at all. Entrekin maintained in his affidavit that Anderson is related to Hart

merely based on the information he gathered “from a Facebook search[.]”

¶12. In this case, the trial court made the following findings of fact:

(1) “The address that the summons was originally issued for was 8444
Highway 613, Lot 4, Moss Point, Mississippi.”
(2) “[A]fter speaking with neighbors, the process server learned that Hart
may now be residing at 3616 Ryland Road, Moss Point, Mississippi”
and served process there.
(3) “The address at which process was served . . . would not have been
Hart’s usual place of abode” because Hart’s affidavit stated “she
resided at 101 North Eastabuchie R[oa]d[] in Moselle, Mississippi.”
(4) Process was served “by leaving a copy of the summons and petition
with Justin Anderson” who the process server alleged was “a member
of the family.”
(5) “The process server relied solely on social media posts to form his

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assumption that Hart was related to Mr. Anderson” but Hart’s affidavit
stated that Anderson was “not a family member’ and Hart did “not
know Justin Anderson.”
(6) “Moreover, after process was served on Mr. Anderson, counsel for Hart
contacted counsel for Havard in order to inform him that process was
not served on Hart.”
(7) “After being notified, Havard neglected to take any further steps to
satisfy this issue, and was not heard from until the motion to dismiss
was filed.” Finally, Havard never “moved for an extension of time in
which to serve” Hart.

The supreme court has clearly stated that appellate courts should give “deferential treatment”

to a trial court’s findings of fact. See Crawford ex rel. Hodge v. E. Miss. State Hosp. Inc.,

No. 2022-CA-00753-COA, 2024 WL 1873734, at *4 (¶20) (Miss. Ct. App. Apr. 30, 2024)

(quoting Univ. Med. Ctr. v. Martin, 994 So. 2d 740, 746 (¶24) (Miss. 2008)). There is no

proof Anderson was an actual family member other than Entrekin’s affidavit stating the two

were related based “solely on social media posts.” Again, “[w]hen reviewing fact-based

findings, this Court examines whether the trial court abused its discretion and whether there

was substantial evidence supporting the determination.” Collins, 184 So. 3d at 929 (¶16)

(citing Rains, 731 So. 2d at 1197-98). From our review of the record, there was substantial

evidence to support the trial court’s finding of facts in its written order dismissing this cause.

Therefore, this Court finds no abuse of discretion in the circuit judge granting Hart’s motion

to dismiss.

II. Good Cause

¶13. Havard also argues the circuit court erred by determining that she did not show good

cause to rebut the improper service allegation. “The Rules of Civil Procedure provide that

if a plaintiff can establish good cause for failing to serve process on a defendant within 120

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days of filing his or her complaint, dismissal is not an appropriate remedy.” Id. at 929 (¶19)

(citing M.R.C.P. 4(h); Webster v. Webster, 834 So. 2d 26, 28 (Miss. 2002)). “A

determination of good cause is a discretionary ruling by the trial court and is reviewed for

an abuse of discretion and whether substantial evidence supports the determination.” Est.

of Puckett v. Clement, 238 So. 3d 1139, 1147 (¶24) (Miss. 2018) (citing Martin v. Lowery,

912 So. 2d 461, 467 (Miss. 2005)).

¶14. “To establish good cause the plaintiff must demonstrate at least as much as would be

required to show excusable neglect, as to which simple inadvertence or mistake of counsel

or ignorance of the rules usually does not suffice.” Collins, 184 So. 3d at 929-30 (¶19)

(citing Webster, 834 So. 2d at 28). “[T]o demonstrate good cause, the plaintiff must show

that a diligent effort was made to serve the defendant in a timely manner.” Id. (citing Foss

v. Williams, 993 So. 2d 378, 379 (Miss. 2008)). Havard argues that she showed good cause

through her “good faith reliance” on the “experienced process server” she hired. However,

“[p]lacing blame upon a process server, without more, is insufficient to demonstrate good

cause.” Pennington v. Crawford, 247 So. 3d 284, 287 (¶12) (Miss. Ct. App. 2017) (quoting

Copiah Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Buckner, 61 So. 3d 162, 167 (¶16) (Miss. 2011)).

¶15. Here, Entrekin’s affidavit indicated he served process on Anderson at the Ryland

Road address. The day after Entrekin’s service at the Ryland Road address, Havard’s

attorney “notified Hart via email” that service had been made. However, the email stated

service was made on “another person.” Additionally, the email stated that Hart was present

at the time of service but “refused to accept the summons and complaint[.]” There is no

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evidence in the record that Hart resided at Ryland Road other than Entrekin’s assertion in his

affidavit that neighbors gave him the address when he could not find Hart at the initial

address he visited. Hart’s affidavit asserts that she was not present at Ryland Road, did not

live there, and never received service of process. Additionally, Havard never sought to re-

serve Hart after receiving the motion to dismiss with Hart’s affidavit attached. “Mississippi

precedent establishes that actual knowledge of a suit does not excuse proper service of

process.” Anderson, 218 So. 3d at 303 (¶¶29-30) (emphasis added) (quoting Spurgeon, 989

So. 2d at 907) (affirming dismissal for improper service of process). Hart filed the motion

to dismiss on October 11, 2021, and the hearing on that motion occurred on May 2, 2022.

Havard never filed a motion to extend the time period for service of process or attempted to

re-serve Hart. We give great deference to a trial court in its determination of whether good

cause existed. See Collins, 184 So. 3d at 929 (¶16) (citing Rains, 731 So. 2d at 1197-98).

Accordingly, this Court finds no abuse of discretion on the circuit judge’s part by finding

Havard failed to show good cause for not serving Hart with process.

CONCLUSION

¶16. This Court finds no evidence of abuse of discretion on the circuit judge’s part in

dismissing Havard’s case or denying the motion to alter or amend the judgment. We

therefore affirm.

¶17. AFFIRMED.

BARNES, C.J., CARLTON AND WILSON, P.JJ., WESTBROOKS, McCARTY,
SMITH AND EMFINGER, JJ., CONCUR. McDONALD, J., CONCURS IN RESULT
ONLY WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

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